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Vegetation composition of old extensive green roofs(from 1980s Germany)

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ecological Processes 2014年第1期3卷 225-235页

作者： Christine e Thuring nigel Dunnett Department of Landscape Floor 9The Arts TowerWestern BankSheffieldSouth Yorkshire S102TNUK

Introduction:Since their development in the late 1970s in Germany,extensive green roofs(eGR)have become increasingly popular as mitigation tools for urban environmental issues around the *** are planted with select species,which ensure consistent cover and performance over *** research presented herein is part of a systematic re-evaluation of eGR technology since the German industry ***:Given the opportunity to access a small sample of old eGRs installed over 20 years ago in south-west Germany,this research surveyed the vegetation and substrate with an interest in describing these parameters with time-through-space ***:Similar to previous studies,this preliminary work found correlations between roof age with vegetation(cover abundance and species diversity)and substrate properties(e.g.,depth,organic content,pH,and nutrients).Roof age had positive relationship with soil organic content(Corg),and negative relationships with substrate depth and soil *** soil variables are inter-related,as shallow acidic substrates create unfavourable conditions for decomposition and thereby the accumulation of *** variables correlated with eGR vegetation,suggesting a trend of simplified species composition over ***,Corg had a negative relationship with cover and species diversity of most life forms;only Sedum species had positive associations with ***:Considering the dynamics associated with shallow mineral substrates,and the greater floristic diversity of younger roofs,simple Sedum-based vegetation may represent a steady state for conventional eGRs.

关键词： Biodiversity extensive green roofs Germany Long-term performance Plant life forms Sedum Species diversity Substrate depth

K-Theory and the Quantization Commutes with Reduction Problem

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Chinese Annals of Mathematics,Series B 2014年第5期35卷 703-732页

作者： nigel HIGSON Yanli SONG Department of Mathematics Pennsylvania State University University Park Department of Mathematics University of TorontoRoom 6290 40 St. George Street Toronto OntarioCanada M5S2E4

The authors examine the quantization commutes with reduction phenomenon for Hamiltonian actions of compact Lie groups on closed symplectic manifolds from the point of view of topological K-theory and K-homology. They develop the machinery of K-theory wrong-way maps in the context of orbifolds and use it to relate the quantization commutes with reduction phenomenon to Bott periodicity and the K-theory formulation of the Weyl character formula.

关键词： Symplectic reduction Quantization K-Theory K-Homology CompactLie groups

ADVANCeS IN SUSTAINABLe SeCURITY SYSTeMS eNGINeeRING WITH DRAMA THeORY (DT) Ⅱ

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems engineering 2009年第4期18卷 403-422页

作者： Jason K. LeVY nigel HOWARD Wilder School of Government and Public Affairs Virginia Commonwealth University Sheffield Hallam University

We put forth Drama Theory II （DT II） as a formal multiple participant decision making framework that can be used to systematically model complex security challenges, and advance the field of Sustainable Security Systems engineering. DT II is defined as a theory of ＂large world＂ pre-game communication and equilibrium selection. While game theoretic tools have been widely applied to resolve environmental conflicts and promote global security, traditional game theory assumes that decision makers, options, and preferences are fixed. A mathematical treatment of key drama theoretic concepts （i.e. positions, intentions, doubts and dilemmas） is provided. The dynamics of the drama theoretic process are discussed and the expected equilibrium set is derived. The fundamental theorem of drama theory is proven and all theoretical results are applied to promote sustainable security solutions. It is emphasized that DT II represents a flexible systems engineering technique to address time-sensitive, multi-faceted, and complex multiple participant negotiations.

关键词： Drama Theory II sustainable security systems engineering game theory

Performance Modelling of Patient Flow Scheduling Through a Formal Method

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Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong university(Science) 2017年第1期22卷 66-71页

作者：陈潇 THOMAS nigel 丁杰 School of Computer Science and Communication engineering Jiangsu University School of Computing Science Newcastle University School of Information engineering Yangzhou University

Smart environment is being used in many areas to deliver more services to individuals in a physical space, such as a hospital. In the UK, the National Health Service(NHS) provides free and high quality healthcare service for all residents. Smart hospital environment is able to support NHS and provide more convenience. Patient flow scheduling is a crucial section in a smart hospital environment. Smart hospital environment aims to provide a smart environment in the hospital to facilitate individual experience and improve the quality of healthcare *** of all, this paper investigates a real world patient flow scenario of a hospital in the UK and models a general scheduling scheme based on the scenario using a compositional formal approach, i.e. performance evaluation process algebra(PePA). This scheduling scheme uses an easy-implemented solution(the grouping scheme) to reduce the waiting queue in the hospital. Secondly, fluid flow analysis is used for the performance analysis by generating a set of ordinary differential equations(ODes) in terms of the PePA model.

关键词： scheduling performance valuation patient flow performance evaluation process algebra (PePA) ordinary differential equations (ODes) TP 302 TP 391 A

Strange metallicity and high-T_(c) superconductivity:quantifying the paradigm

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Science Bulletin 2022年第10期67卷 985-987页

作者： nigel e.Hussey Caitlin Duffy H.H.Wills Physics Laboratory University of BristolBristol BS81TLUK HFML-FeLIX and Institute for Molecules and Materials Radboud UniversityNijmegen 6525EDNetherlands

A key goal of superconductivity research is to identify the mechanism by which electrons *** to the pairing mechanism lie in the resistive behavior(that is itself governed by electrons scattering off impurities and dy... 详细信息

关键词：物理规律 governed 高温超导

experimental Study on the Mobility of Channelized Granular Mass Flow

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Acta Geologica Sinica(english edition) 2016年第3期90卷 988-998页

作者： ZHOU Gongdan nigel G.WRIGHT SUN Qicheng CAI Qipeng Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and earth Surface Process Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Mountain Hazards and environment Chinese Academy of Sciences & Ministry of Water Conservancy School of Civil engineering University of Leeds State Key Laboratory for Hydroscience and engineering Tsinghua University College of Civil engineering Huaqiao University

Granular mass flows （e.g., debris flows/avalanches） in landslide-prone areas are of great concern because they often cause catastrophic disasters as a result of their long run-out distances and large impact forces. To investigate the factors influencing granular mass flow mobility, experimental tests were conducted in a flume model. Granular materials consisting of homogeneous sand and non- homogeneous sandy soil were used for studying particle size effects. Run-out tests with variable flow masses, water contents, and sloping channel confinement parameters were conducted as well. The results indicated that granular mass flow mobility was significantly influenced by the initial water content; a critical water content corresponding to the smallest flow mobility exists for different granular materials. An increase in the total flow mass generally induced a reduction in the travel angle （an increase in flow mobility）. Consistent with field observations, the travel angles for different granular materials decreased roughly in proportion to the logarithm of mass. The flume model tests illustrate that the measured travel angles increase as the proportion of fine particles increases. Interestingly, natural terrain possesses critical confinement characteristics for different granular mass flows.

关键词： granular mass flow mobility water content flow mass fine particle channel confinement

The Involvement of Lipids in Alzheimer's Disease

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2014年第5期41卷 261-274页

作者： Wei Ling Florence Lim Ian James Martins Ralph nigel Martins School of Medical Sciences Edith Cowan University Centre of excellence in Alzheimer's Disease Research and Care McCusker Foundation for Alzheimer's Disease Research Inc. Suite 22 Hollywood Medical Centre School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences The University of Western Australia

It has been estimated that Alzheimer＇s disease （AD）, the most common form of dementia, will affect approximately 81 million individuals by 2040. To date, the actual cause and cascade of events in the progression of this disease have not been fully determined. Furthermore, there is currently no definitive blood test or simple diagnostic method for AD. Considerable efforts have been put into proteomic approaches to develop a diagnostic blood test, but to date these efforts have not been successful. More recently, there has been a stronger focus on lipidomic studies in the hope of increasing our understanding of the underlying mechanisms leading to AD and developing an AD blood test. It is well known that the strongest genetic risk factor for AD is the e4 variant of apolipoprotein e （APOe）. evidence suggests that the Apoe protein, a major lipid transporter, plays a key role in the pathogenesis of AD, and its role in both normal and aberrant lipid metabolism warrants further extensive investigation. Here, we review Apoe-lipid interactions, as well as the roles that lipids may play in the pathogenesis of AD.

关键词： Alzheimer's disease Lipids Apoe Oxysterols Inflammation

Methods to reduce variability in e. Coli-based cell-free protein expression experiments

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Synthetic and Systems Biotechnology 2019年第4期4卷 204-211页

作者： Jared L.Dopp Yeong Ran Jo nigel F.Reuel 不详

Cell-free protein synthesis(CFPS)is an established biotechnology tool that has shown great utility in many applications such as prototyping proteins,building genetic circuits,designing biosensors,and expressing cytotoxic *** CFPS has been widely deployed,the many,varied methods presented in the literature can be challenging for new users to *** our experience and others who newly enter the field,one of the most frustrating aspects of applying CFPS as a laboratory can be the large levels of variability that are present within experimental *** we provide a retrospective summary of CFPS methods that reduce variability *** methods include optimized extract preparation,fully solubilizing the master mix components,and careful mixing of the *** have reduced our coefficient of variation from 97.3%to 1.2%.Moreover,these methods allow complete novices(*** rotation undergraduate students)to provide data that is comparable to experienced users,thus allowing broader participation in this exciting research area.

关键词： Cell-free protein synthesis CFPS Cell extract In vitro protein synthesis In vitro transcription-translation Cell-free synthetic biology

On the mechanical behavior of the human biliary system

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第9期13卷 1384-1392页

作者： Xiaoyu Luo Wenguang Li nigel Bird Swee Boon Chin NA Hill Alan G Johnson Department of Mathematics University of Glasgow Glasgow G12 8QW United Kingdom Department of Mechanical enginwring University of Sheffield Sheffield S1 3JD United Kingdom Academic Surgical Unit Royal Hallamshirc Hospital Sheffield S10 2JF United Kingdom

This paper reviews the progress made in understanding the mechanical behaviour of the biliary system. Gallstones and diseases of the biliary tract affect more than 10% of the adult population. The complications of gallstones, i.e. acute pancreatitis and obstructive jandice, can be lethal, and patients with acalculous gallbladder pain often pose diagnostic difficulties and undergo repeated ultrasound scans and oral cholecystograms. Moreover, surgery to remove the gallbladder in these patients, in an attempt to relieve the symptoms, gives variable results. extensive research has been carried out to understand the physiological and pathological functions of the biliary system, but the mechanism of the pathogenesis of gallstones and pain production still remain poorly understood. It is believed that the mechanical factors play an essential role in the mechanisms of the gallstone formation and biliary diseases. However, despite the extensive literature in clinical studies, only limited work has been carried out to study the biliary system from the mechanical point of view. In this paper, we discuss the state of art knowledge of the fluid dynamics of bile flow in the biliary tract, the solid mechanics of the gallbladder and bile ducts, recent mathematical and numerical modelling of the system, and finally the future challenges in the area.

关键词： Fluid dynamics Gallstone Bile flow Cystic duct Gallbladder Soft tissue mechanics Acalculousbiliary pain Stress Mechanical factors