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Etiology and management of urethral calculi:A systematic review of contemporary series

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Asian Journal of Urology 2024年第1期11卷 10-18页

作者： Andrew Morton Arsalan Tariq nigel Dunglison Rachel Esler Matthew J.Roberts Faculty of Medicine The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia Department of Urology Ipswich HospitalQueenslandAustralia Department of Urology Royal Brisbane and Women's HospitalQueenslandAustralia The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research HerstonAustralia

Objective:To conduct a systematic literature review on urethral calculi in a contemporary cohort describing etiology,investigation,and management patterns.Methods:A systematic search of MEDLINE and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials(CENTRAL)databases was performed.Articles,including case reports and case series on urethral calculi published between January 2000 and December 2019,were included.Full-text manuscripts were reviewed for clinical parameters including symptomatology,etiology,medical history,investigations,treatment,and outcomes.Data were collated and analyzed with univariate methods.Results:Seventy-four publications met inclusion criteria,reporting on 95 cases.Voiding symptoms(41.1%),pain(40.0%),and acute urinary retention(32.6%)were common presenting features.Urethral calculi were most often initially investigated using plain X-ray(63.2%),with almost all radio-opaque(98.3%).Urethral calculi were frequently associated with coexistent bladder or upper urinary tract calculi(16.8%)and underlying urethral pathology(53.7%)including diverticulum(33.7%)or stricture(13.7%).Urethral calculi were most commonly managed with external urethrolithotomy(31.6%),retrograde manipulation(22.1%),and endoscopic in situ lithotripsy(17.9%).Conclusion:This unique systematic review of urethral calculi provided a summary of clinical features and treatment trends with a suggested treatment algorithm.Management in contemporary urological practice should be according to calculus size,shape,anatomical location,and presence of urethral pathology.

关键词： Urinary calculi Urethra Urethral calculi Management algorithm

The variation of DOM during long distance water transport by the China South to North Water Diversion Scheme and impact on drinking water treatment

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第5期18卷 85-100页

作者： Hankun Yang Yujuan Li Hongyu Liu nigel J.D.Graham Xue Wu Jiawei Hou Mengjie Liu Wenyu Wang Wenzheng Yu State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and TechnologyResearch Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100085China School of Environment and Municipal Engineering Qingdao Technological UniversityQingdao266033China Colleges of Forestry Northeast Forestry UniversityHarbin150006China Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Imperial College LondonSouth Kensington CampusLondonSW7 2AZUK School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081China State Key Laboratory of Separation Membrane Processes School of Environment Science and EngineeringTiangong UniversityTianjin300387China

In this study,samples were taken from three locations,upstream to downstream,along the central route project of the China South to North Water Diversion(SNWD)scheme in summer and winter.These were used to reveal the variations of dissolved organic matter(DOM)during the water transfer process,and the effects of these variations on drinking water treatment and disinfection by-products formation potential(DBPs-FP).The results showed that polysaccharides accumulate in summer and reduce in winter with flow distance,which has an important effect on the overall properties of DOM,as well as on the performance of coagulation,ultrafiltration,and the formation of DBPs.Humic substances,and their hydrophilic content,also increased in summer and decreased in winter with flow distance.In contrast,the concentration of small organic substances(MW⩽1000 Da)increased in both summer and winter with flow distance,which affected both nanofiltration(NF)membrane fouling and DBPs-FP.The results provide a useful case study of spatial and temporal changes in raw water DOM during long distance water transfer and their impact on the treatment and quality of drinking water from the SNWD.

关键词： Long-distance water transfer The China South to North Water Diversion Scheme Coagulation Membrane filtration Disinfection by-products

From source to emplacement:The origin of leucogranites from the Sikkim-Darjeeling Himalayas,India

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Geoscience Frontiers 2024年第1期15卷 384-401页

作者： Tanya Srivastava nigel Harris Catherine Mottram Kumar Batuk Joshi Nishchal Wanjari Department of Geology Sikkim UniversityGangtokIndia School of Environment Earth&Ecosystem SciencesOpen UniversityMiltonKeynesUK School of the Environment Geography and GeosciencesUniversity of PortsmouthUK National Centre for Earth Science Studies ThiruvananthapuramKeralaIndia

Himalayan leucogranites are important for understanding the tectonic evolution of collision zones in general and the causes of crustal melting in the Himalayan orogen in particular.This paper aims to understand the melt source and emplacement age of the leucogranites from Sikkim in order to decipher the deep geodynamic processes of the eastern Himalayas.Zircon U-Pb analysis of the Higher Himalayan Sequence(HHS)metamorphic core reveals a prolonged period of crustal melting between>33 Ma and ca.14 Ma.Major and trace element abundances are presented for 27 leucogranites from North Sikkim that are classified into two-mica and tourmaline leucogranite types.They are peraluminous in composition,characterized by high SiO2(70.91-74.9 wt.%),Al2O3(13.69-15.82 wt.%),and low MgO(0.13-0.74 wt.%).Elemental abundances suggest that Sikkim Himalayan leucogranites are derived from crustal melts.The two-mica leucogranites are derived from a metagreywacke source,whereas the tourmaline leucogranites are sourced from metapelitic sources,with inherited zircons indicating an HHS origin for both types.U-Pb zircon geochronology of the two mica leucogranites indicates ages of ca.19-15 Ma,consistent with crustal melting recorded in HHS gneisses from Darjeeling.Monazites from both the two-mica and tourmaline leucogranites yield a crystallization age of ca.15-14 Ma,coeval with movement on the Main Central Thrust and South Tibetan Detachment System which further provides constraints on the timing and mechanism of petrogenesis of leucogranites in the Sikkim Himalayas.

关键词： Leucogranites Gneiss U-Pb geochronology Zircon Monazite Sikkim-Darjeeling Himalayas

Enhancing the clinical relevance of haemorrhage prediction models in trauma

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Military Medical Research 2024年第3期11卷 467-468页

作者： Sankalp Tandle Jared M.Wohlgemut Max E.R.Marsden Erhan Pisirir Evangelia Kyrimi Rebecca S.Stoner William Marsh Zane B.Perkins nigel R.M.Tai Centre for Trauma Sciences Blizard InstituteQueen Mary University of LondonLondon E12ATUK The Royal London Hospital Barts Health NHS TrustLondon E11FRUK Academic Department of Military Surgery and Trauma Research and Clinical InnovationThe Royal Centre for Defence MedicineBirmingham B152WBUK Department of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science Queen Mary University of LondonLondon E14NSUK

We read with interest the recent systematic reviewaArtificial intelligence and machine learning for hemorrhagic trauma careoby Peng et al.[1],which evaluated literature on machine learning(ML)in the management of trau... 详细信息

关键词： Trauma Injury Blood transfusion Massive transfusion Prediction Artificial intelligence Machine learning

儿童及青少年新型冠状病毒感染后综合征这些问题看起来风险很小,但仍值得我们重视

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英国医学杂志中文版 2022年第5期25卷 241-243页

作者： Petra Zimmermann Laure F Pittet nigel curtis 程志鹏(译) 梁志欣(校) University of Fribourg Fribourg HospitalFribourgSwitzerland Geneva University Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine GenevaSwitzerland The University of Melbourne Royal Children′s Hospital MelbourneParkvilleAustralia 解放军总医院呼吸与危重症医学部

据报道,感染新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)的患者会出现全身各个系统的症状。目前对新型冠状病毒肺炎后综合征(long covid,简称新冠肺炎后综合征;也称新冠肺炎后状态、急性新冠肺炎后遗症,或者慢性新冠肺炎综合征)流行程度的评估差别很大,... 详细信息

据报道,感染新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)的患者会出现全身各个系统的症状。目前对新型冠状病毒肺炎后综合征(long covid,简称新冠肺炎后综合征;也称新冠肺炎后状态、急性新冠肺炎后遗症,或者慢性新冠肺炎综合征)流行程度的评估差别很大,部分原因是人们对这个定义的混淆。新冠肺炎后综合征包括很多症状,比如新冠肺炎客观的并发症(肺纤维化、心功能不全)、精神心理症状;还有一些偏主观的、非特异性的、类似于病毒感染后慢性疲劳(慢性疲劳综合征)的症状。目前大部分新冠肺炎后综合征的研究都有诸多局限性,包括样本量小,缺乏对照组,对症状缺乏标准化的描述,对之前存在的医疗情况缺乏校正,纳入了由患者自己报告的可疑感染病例.

关键词：慢性疲劳综合征心功能不全儿童及青少年新型冠状病毒肺纤维化流行程度冠状病毒感染非特异性

Nanotechnology-based gene therapy as a credible tool in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第10期18卷 2127-2133页

作者： Aziz Unnisa nigel H.Greig Mohammad Amjad Kamal Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry College of PharmacyUniversity of HailHailSaudi Arabia Drug Design&Development Section Translational Gerontology BranchIntramural Research ProgramNational Institute on AgingNational Institutes of HealthBaltimoreMDUSA Institutes for Systems Genetics Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular NetworkWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan ProvinceChina King Fahd Medical Research Center King Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia Department of Pharmacy Faculty of Allied Health SciencesDaffodil International UniversityDhakaBangladesh Enzymoics Novel Global Community Educational FoundationHebershamNSWAustralia

Toxic aggregated amyloid-βaccumulation is a key pathogenic event in Alzheimer’s disease.Treatment approaches have focused on the suppression,deferral,or dispersion of amyloid-βfibers and plaques.Gene therapy has evolved as a potential therapeutic option for treating Alzheimer’s disease,owing to its rapid advancement over the recent decade.Small interfering ribonucleic acid has recently garnered considerable attention in gene therapy owing to its ability to down-regulate genes with high sequence specificity and an almost limitless number of therapeutic targets,including those that were once considered undruggable.However,lackluster cellular uptake and the destabilization of small interfering ribonucleic acid in its biological environment restrict its therapeutic application,necessitating the development of a vector that can safeguard the genetic material from early destruction within the bloodstream while effectively delivering therapeutic genes across the bloodbrain barrier.Nanotechnology has emerged as a possible solution,and several delivery systems utilizing nanoparticles have been shown to bypass key challenges regarding small interfering ribonucleic acid delivery.By reducing the enzymatic breakdown of genetic components,nanomaterials as gene carriers have considerably enhanced the efficiency of gene therapy.Liposomes,polymeric nanoparticles,magnetic nanoparticles,dendrimers,and micelles are examples of nanocarriers that have been designed,and each has its own set of features.Furthermore,recent advances in the specific delivery of neurotrophic compounds via gene therapy have provided promising results in relation to augmenting cognitive abilities.In this paper,we highlight the use of different nanocarriers in targeted gene delivery and small interfering ribonucleic acid-mediated gene silencing as a potential platform for treating Alzheimer’s disease.

关键词： Alzheimer’s disease amyloid-β BACE1 gene silencing gene therapy nanoparticle neurotrophins small interfering ribonucleic acid

Unraveling Membrane Fouling Induced by Chlorinated Water Versus Surface Water:Biofouling Properties and Microbiological Investigation

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Engineering 2022年第8期8卷 154-164页

作者： Li Zhang Lei Xu nigel Graham Wenzheng Yu State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Imperial College LondonSouth Kensington CampusLondon SW72AZUK

Chlorine is usually applied in the urban water treatment process to deactivate pathogens and prevent waterborne diseases.As a pre-treatment,it remains unclear whether chlorinated water can effectively alleviate membrane fouling during ultrafiltration(UF).In this study,tap water was investigated for its effect on biofilm formation and biofouling in a gravity-driven membrane(GDM)filtration system.For comparison,biofilm/biofouling with untreated surface(lake)water was studied in parallel.It was found that more severe membrane fouling occurred with the filtration of tap water than lake water,and larger quantities of polysaccharide and extracellular DNA(eDNA)were present in the tap-water biofilm than in the lake-water biofilm.The tap-water biofilm had a densely compact morphology.In contrast,a porous,spider-like structure was observed for the lake-water biofilm,which was assumed to be associated with the bacteria in the biofilm.This hypothesis was verified by 16S ribosomal RNA(rRNA)sequencing,which demonstrated that Xanthobacter was the dominant taxon in the tap-water biofilm.Additionally,membrane hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity played a minor role in affecting the membrane fouling properties and microbial community.This study revealed the significant role of chlorine-resistant bacteria in biofouling formation and provides a deeper understanding of membrane fouling,which can potentially aid in searching for effective ways of controlling membrane fouling.

关键词： Membrane fouling Biofilm GDM filtration technology Ultrafiltration Chlorine-resistant bacteria Hydrophilicity

Valorization of Aloe barbadensis Miller. (Aloe vera) Processing Waste

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2023年第3期11卷 1031-1061页

作者： Jeltzlin Semerel nigel John Wim Dehaen Pedro Fardim SISSTEM Program Faculty of Arts and ScienceUniversity of ArubaOranjestadAruba Department of Chemistry KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium Department of Chemical Engineering KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium

Aloe vera plant is known worldwide for its medicinal properties and application in gel-based products such as shampoo,soap,and sunscreen.However,the demand for these gel-based products has led to a surplus production of Aloe vera processing waste.An Aloe vera gel processing facility could generate up to 4000 kg of Aloe vera waste per month.Currently the Aloe vera waste is being disposed to the landfill or used as fertilizer.A sustainable management system for the Aloe vera processing waste should be considered,due to the negative societal and environmental impacts of the currents waste disposal methods.Therefore,this review focuses on various approaches that can be used to valorize Aloe vera waste into value-added products,such as animal and aquaculture feeds,biosorbents,biofuel and natural polymers.Researchers have reported Aloe vera waste for environmental applications biosorbents used for wastewater treatment of various pollutants.Several studies have also reported on the valorization of Aloe vera waste for production of biofuels such as bioethanol,mixed alcohol fuels,biogas and syngas.Aloe vera waste could also be valorized through isolation and synthesis of natural polymers for application in wound dressing,tissue engineering and drug delivery systems.Aloe vera waste valorization was also reviewed through extraction of value-added bioactive compounds such as aloe-emodin,aloin and aloeresin.These value-added bioactive compounds have various applications in the cosmetics(non-steroidal anti-inflammatory,tyrosinase inhibitors)and pharmaceutical(anticancer agent and COVID 19 inhibitors)industry.

关键词： Aloe vera waste processing biomass conversion anthraquinone aloe-emodin aloin aloeresin

Hydrogen for a Net-Zero Carbon World

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Engineering 2023年第10期29卷 8-10页

作者： nigel P.Brandon James J.Brandon Faculty of Engineering Imperial College LondonSouth Kensington CampusLondon SW72AZUK The First Element Ltd. London N17GUUK

1.Why hydrogen?The concept of the“hydrogen economy”was first coined by Prof.John Bockris during a talk he gave in 1970 at the General Motors Technical Center.Bockris’s talk introduced the vision of a world economy ... 详细信息

关键词： hydrogen Carbon economy