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A dahlia flower extract has antidiabetic properties by improving insulin function in the brain

Life Metabolism 2023年第4期2卷 39-50页

作者： Dominik Pretz Philip M.Heyward Jeremy Krebs Joel Gruchot Charles barter Pat Silcock Nerida Downes Mohammed Zubair Rizwan Alisa boucsein Julia bender Elaine J.burgess Geke Aline boer Pramuk Keerthisinghe nigel b.Perry Alexander Tups Centre for Neuroendocrinology School of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of OtagoDunedin 9054New Zealand Department of Physiology School of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of OtagoDunedin 9054New Zealand Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular biodiscovery University of AucklandAuckland 1010New Zealand Department of Medicine University of OtagoWellingtonWellington South 6242New Zealand Centre for Endocrine Diabetes and Obesity Research Wellington Regional HospitalNewtownWellington 6021New Zealand Product Development Research Centre University of OtagoDunedin 9054New Zealand Department of Chemistry The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food ResearchUniversity of OtagoDunedin 9054New Zealand

butein,a rare chalcone found in the toxic plant Toxicodendron vernicifluum,has been shown to regulate glucose homeostasis via inhibition of the nuclear factor kappa-b kinase subunit beta(IKKβ)/nuclear factor kappa b(NF-κb)pathway in the ***,we investigated whether the nonpoisonous plant Dahlia pinnata could be a source of butein as a potential treatment for type 2 diabetes(T2D).In mice fed a high-fat diet(HFD)to induce glucose intolerance,an oral *** petal extract improved glucose tolerance at doses of 3.3 mg/kg body weight and 10 mg/kg body ***,this effect was not mediated by butein alone but by butein combined with the closely related flavonoids,sulfuretin and/or ***,the extract improved systemic insulin *** of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase to block insulin signaling in the brain abrogated the glucoregulatory effect of the orally administered *** extract reinstated central insulin signaling and normalized astrogliosis in the hypothalamus of HFD-fed *** NF-κb reporter zebrafish to determine IKKβ/NF-κb activity,a potent anti-inflammatory action of the extract was found.A randomized controlled crossover clinical trial on participants with predia-betes or T2D confirmed the safety and efficacy of the extract in *** conclusion,we identified an extract from the flower petals of *** as a novel treatment option for T2D,potentially targeting the central regulation of glucose homeostasis as a root cause of the disease.

关键词： inflammation hypothalamus signal transduction neuroendocrine arcuate nucleus

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CodeGuru Visual C++编程精粹 4

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2004年

作者：（美）nigel Quinnin编云巅工作室译

本书汇粹了关于CodeCuru的上百篇优秀技术文章、评论，涉及Widows编程、控件技术、图形与多媒体、网络编程等领域。

ISBN: (纸本)711512101X

本书汇粹了关于CodeCuru的上百篇优秀技术文章、评论，涉及Widows编程、控件技术、图形与多媒体、网络编程等领域。

关键词： C语言程序设计

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80岁以上老年高血压患者的治疗

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中国心血管杂志 2008年第4期13卷 314-317页

作者： nigel S beckett M b 王翔凌

血压下降可有效预防脑卒中和包括心力衰竭(心衰)在内的其他心血管事件.过去十余年学者们发现,各年龄亚群及各种降压药物的降压治疗获益存在广泛一致性.然而正如较早及近期指南所示,有关80岁以上患者降压治疗获益的证据尚不充分.流行病... 详细信息

血压下降可有效预防脑卒中和包括心力衰竭(心衰)在内的其他心血管事件.过去十余年学者们发现,各年龄亚群及各种降压药物的降压治疗获益存在广泛一致性.然而正如较早及近期指南所示,有关80岁以上患者降压治疗获益的证据尚不充分.流行病学调查研究发现,80岁以上老年人的血压水平与死亡风险呈负相关,这可能与降压增加治疗风险性或某些与血压下降相关的状况(如肿瘤、痴呆、心肌梗死和心衰)导致因果互换有关.(王翔凌译何青校)

关键词：降压治疗老年高血压患者流行病学调查血压下降死亡风险心血管事件心力衰竭降压药物

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公卫护士家访对防止再次发生儿童身体受虐和疏于照看的作用:一项随机对照研究

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（儿科学分册） 2005年第11期1卷 8-9页

作者： MacMillan H.L. Thomas b.H. jamieson E. 郭战宏 Offord Centre for Child Studies Mc-Master University 1200 Main Street West Hamilton Ont. L8N 3Z5 Canada Dr.

background: Recurrence of child maltreatment is a major problem, yet little is known about approaches to reduce this risk in families referred to child protection agencies. Since home visitation by nurses for disadvantaged first time mothers has proven effective in prevention of child abuse and neglect, we aimed to investigate whether this approach might reduce recidivism. Methods: We enrolled in a randomised controlled trial 163 families with a history of one index child being exposed to physical abuse or neglect to compare standard treatment with a programme of home visitation by nurses in addition to standard treatment. The main outcome was recurrence of child physical abuse and neglect based on a standardised review of child protection records. Analysis was by intention to treat. Findings: At 3-years’follow-up, records were available for 160 of 163 (98%) families randomised. 139 (85%) completed follow-up. Recurrence of child physical abuse (31 43% in the control group vs 29 33% in the intervention group) and neglect (37 51% vs 41 47% )-did not differ between groups. However, hospital records showed significantly higher recurrence of either physical abuse or neglect in the intervention group than in the control group (21 24% vs 8 11% ). There were no differences between groups for the other secondary outcome measures. Interpretation: Despite the positive results of home visitation by nurses as an early prevention strategy, this visit-based strategy does not seem to be effective in prevention of recidivism of physical abuse and neglect in families associated with the child protection system. Much more effort needs to be directed towards prevention before a pattern of abuse or neglect is established in a family.

关键词：儿童身体士家儿童受虐预防策略儿童保护干预组标准处理随机对照试验模式建立上均

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Reconstruction and fitting of second-harmonic signals by wavelength modulation spectroscopy method based on fast Fourier transform

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Chinese Optics Letters 2022年第9期20卷 68-72页

作者： Linquan Lai Yue Chen Kongtao Chen Jiale Tang Kaiwen Yin Fuqiang Jia Dun Qiao Yuanlong Fan Kang Li nigel Copner Fujian Key Laboratory of Ultrafast Laser Technology and Applications School of Electronic Science and TechnologyXiamen UniversityXiamen 361005China Wireless&Optoelectronics Research&Innovation Centre Faculty of ComputingEngineering&ScienceUniversity of South WalesWales CF371DLUK

Conventional wavelength modulation spectroscopy(WMS)is vulnerable to the influence of low-frequency *** of the method highly depends on the performance of the costly lock-in *** this article,we report a new and effective method for reconstructing second-harmonic signals through WMS based on fast Fourier transform(FFT).This method is less disturbed by low-frequency noise because it does not use a low-frequency ramp *** and detection procedures were *** discrete second-harmonic waveform can be obtained by continuously changing the DC signal and FFT analysis in this ***-harmonic waveforms acquired by the two means are generally *** experimental study validates the obtained gas concentration from 5% to 30%,showing a good linear relationship by the proposed *** maximum relative error on concentration extraction is 2.87%;as for conventional WMS,this value is 4.50%.The developed measurement method may have potential in computed tomography.

关键词： fast Fourier transform wavelength modulation spectroscopy second-harmonic waveform

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利用间-四羟基苯二氢卟酚光动力疗法治疗barrett食管柱状层中的重度异常增生和早期癌症

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（胃肠病学分册） 2006年第2期2卷 45-46页

作者： Lovat L.b. jamieson N.F. Novelli M.R. 陈瑜 National Medical Laser Centre UCL 67- 73 Riding House St. London W1W 7EJ United King-dom Dr.

background: Many patients with high-grade dysplasia and localized adenocarcinoma in barrett’s esophagus have localized disease but are either unfit for major surgery or decline esophagectomy. Photodynamic therapy with the powerful photosensitizer m-tetrahydroxyphenyl chlorinmay be a nonsurgical therapeutic option. Methods: This is a pilot study to evaluate the efficacy and complications of m-tetrahydroxyphenyl chlorin photodynamic therapy. The design is a case series of 19 consecutive patients at a tertiary referral unit with a special interest in photodynamic therapy. The study included 7 patients with high-grade dysplasia and 12 with early esophageal cancer, who had refused or were unfit for esophagectomy. Three days after photosensitization with 0.15 mg/kg m-tetrahydroxyphenyl chlorin, red or green light was delivered endoscopically when using either a bare fiber or a diffuser device. Results were assessed by endoscopic surveillance. Results: by using red light via the diffuser, 4/6 patients with cancer and 3/4 with high-grade dysplasia were successfully treated with photodynamic therapy alone. When using the bare-tipped fiber, there was one procedure- related death and only 1/5 patients with cancers were successfully treated. Two others were downgraded to high-grade dysplasia. With green light delivered via a diffuser, 0/3 patients with high-grade dysplasia are in long-term remission. Two serious complications arose (including one death) from taking multiple biopsy specimens too soon after therapy. Two esophageal strictures occurred. Conclusions: Photodynamic therapy with m-tetrahydroxyphenyl chlorin is, potentially, a valuable therapeutic option for localized esophageal neoplasia. Red light via a diffuser device appears to be the most effective light-delivery technique. biopsy specimens should not be taken for at least 2 months after treatment.

关键词： barrett食管光动力疗法异常增生早期癌症羟基苯柱状层早期食管癌光敏剂内镜监测光

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Reporting of Negative Randomized Trials in Three Major Medical Journals

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International Journal of Clinical Medicine 2013年第2期4卷 108-113页

作者： Gabriel A. brooks Daniel W. bowles Daniel b. jamieson Janice V. Huang Alexandra Smart Kathleen A. Heist Traci E. Yamashita Allan V. Prochazka Ravi K. Gopal Department of Medicine University of Colorado School of Medicine Aurora USA Department of Medicine University of Colorado School of Medicine Aurora USA Denver VA Medical Center Eastern Colorado Healthcare System Denver USA Department of Medicine University of Colorado School of Medicine Aurora USA Denver VA Medical Center Eastern Colorado Healthcare System Denver USA

Context: In recent years there has been increasing interest on publication bias and on initiatives to decrease bias, in- cluding trial registration. Objective: To test whether there has been an increase in reports of randomized control trials (RCT’s) with negative outcomes in major journals and to identify factors associated with these reports. Design: Retrospective review of reports of RCT’s published in the Journal of the American Medical Association, The Lancet and the New England Journal of Medicine before (2002-’03, pre-registration era) and after (2007-’08, registration era) the institution of mandatory trial registration. Main Outcome Measure: The primary outcome was the proportion of RCT reports with negative outcomes compared across the two eras. Secondary outcome includes other factors affecting pub-lication. Results: We identified 917 reports of RCT’s published in the two study eras. No publications in the pre-registration era reported trial registration compared with 94.4% in the registration era (p 0.001). There was a non-significant increase in negative trials from the pre-registration to the registration era (29.1% vs. 34.1%, p = 0.10, OR 1.26, 95% CI 0.96 - 1.67). Study characteristics associated with negative outcomes include trials of drugs (OR 1.62, 95% CI 1.08 - 2.43), procedures or devices (OR 2.08, 95% CI 1.29 - 3.35), explicit identification of a single primary endpoint (OR 1.70, 95% CI 1.40 - 2.47), and increasing sample size (OR 3.08, 95% CI 1.78 - 5.34). Non-inferiority study design was associated with a decreased likelihood of a negative outcome (OR 0.13, 95% CI 0.05 - 0.31). Conclusions: The proportion of published RCT reports with negative outcomes in three major medical journals has not significantly increased since the mandatory clinical trial registration policy. The observed prevalence of negative trials is associated with increases in sample size and greater specificity in trial endpoints.

关键词： Clinical Trial Registration Publication bias Randomized Trials Clinical Trials Non-Inferiority Trials

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海沟的动力平衡:一种有用的分析工具

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地质科学译丛 1997年第4期14卷 26-29页

作者： nigel P.Mountney 韩欣 School of Earth Sciences University of BirminghamEdgbastonBirminghamB15 2TTUnited Kingdom

海沟中沉积充填物的几何形态总是趋向于动力平衡的,所以这个平衡系统没有沉积物的净输入或输出,假设在一个稳定态的海沟楔几何形态的情况下,如果其它的控制参数是已知的话,沉积速率和俯冲速率这些未知参数是能够被确定的。这种简单技术... 详细信息

海沟中沉积充填物的几何形态总是趋向于动力平衡的,所以这个平衡系统没有沉积物的净输入或输出,假设在一个稳定态的海沟楔几何形态的情况下,如果其它的控制参数是已知的话,沉积速率和俯冲速率这些未知参数是能够被确定的。这种简单技术在沉积或俯冲作用速率很难直接测量的深海区尤其实用。然而,钻探得到的现代沉积速率值比几何模式预测的速率明显地小一个数量级,表明现代海沟系的规模随末次冷气候晚期沉积物供给的显著减少而明显变小。此外,要建成一个大的增生杂岩,新生代海沟的平均沉积速率必须比今天观察到的大得多。

关键词：海沟沉积物动力平衡分析工具

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Uncovering the genetic diversity of Giardia intestinalis in isolates from outbreaks in New Zealand

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2022年第3期11卷 27-36页

作者： Paul Ogbuigwe Patrick J.biggs Juan Carlos Garcia-Ramirez Matthew A.Knox Anthony Pita Niluka Velathanthiri nigel P.French David T.S.Hayman School of Veterinary Science Massey UniversityPalmerston NorthManawatu-WanganuiNew Zealand School of Natural Sciences Massey UniversityPalmerston NorthManawatu-WanganuiNew Zealand

background:Giardia intestinalis is one of the most common causes of diarrhoea worldwide. Molecular techniques have greatly improved our understanding of the taxonomy and epidemiology of this parasite. Co-infection with mixed (sub-) assemblages has been reported, however, Sanger sequencing is sometimes unable to identify shared subtypes between samples involved in the same epidemiologically linked event, due to samples showing multiple dominant subtypes within the same outbreak. Here, we aimed to use a metabarcoding approach to uncover the genetic diversity within samples from sporadic and outbreak cases of giardiasis to characterise the subtype diversity, and determine if there are common sequences shared by epidemiologically linked cases that are missed by Sanger ***:We built a database with 1109 unique glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) locus sequences covering most of the assemblages of G. intestinalis and used gdh metabarcoding to analyse 16 samples from sporadic and outbreak cases of giardiasis that occurred in New Zealand between 2010 and ***:There is considerable diversity of subtypes of G. intestinalis present in each sample. The utilisation of metabarcoding enabled the identification of shared subtypes between samples from the same outbreak. Multiple variants were identified in 13 of 16 samples, with Assemblage b variants most common, and Assemblages E and A present in mixed ***:This study showed that G. intestinalis infections in humans are frequently mixed, with multiple subtypes present in each host. Shared sequences among epidemiologically linked cases not identified through Sanger sequencing were detected. Considering the variation in symptoms observed in cases of giardiasis, and the potential link between symptoms and (sub-) assemblages, the frequency of mixed infections could have implications for our understanding of host–pathogen interactions.

关键词： DNA sequencing Epidemiology Genetic diversity Giardiasis Metabarcoding

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中国栽培植物野生近缘种及其保护对策

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生物多样性 2013年第6期21卷 750-757页

作者：于燕波王群亮 Shelagh Kell nigel Maxted brian V. Ford-Lloyd 魏伟康定明马克平中国农业大学农学与生物技术学院北京100193 School of biosciences University of Birmingham Edgbaston Birmingham B 15 2TT UK 中国科学院植物研究所植被与环境变化国家重点实验室北京100093 山东省微山县农业局山东微山277600

栽培植物野生近缘种资源是植物遗传资源的重要组成部分,拥有独特的生物学特性,在应对气候变化和保证粮食安全方面具有极大潜力和价值。根据我们的初步调查,我国拥有24,000多种栽培植物野生近缘种,其中大多数能够为栽培植物的品种改良提... 详细信息

栽培植物野生近缘种资源是植物遗传资源的重要组成部分,拥有独特的生物学特性,在应对气候变化和保证粮食安全方面具有极大潜力和价值。根据我们的初步调查,我国拥有24,000多种栽培植物野生近缘种,其中大多数能够为栽培植物的品种改良提供支持。迁地保护(如种质库)能够收集和保存丰富的遗传资源,但却无法替代能够包含自然进化信息的原生境保护。我国已经建立了169个栽培植物野生近缘种原生境保护区(点),迫切需要制定国家栽培植物野生近缘种保护策略和行动计划,鉴别国家和地区水平上需要优先保护的物种,以及采取步骤,整合迁地和原生境保护方法,达到保护这些优先物种的目的。本文总结了我国栽培植物野生近缘种及其保护所取得的进展,介绍了国内外在植物遗传资源保护利用方面的成功经验,并提出了我国栽培植物野生近缘种的保护策略:建议首先开展栽培植物野生近缘种资源编目工作,并结合国家和地区的环境与资源状况的国际标准,确定优先保护种类;针对不同种类,采取迁地保护和原生境保护相结合的方法保护栽培植物野生近缘种资源。

关键词：栽培植物野生近缘种原生境保护遗传资源保护对策气候变化

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