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The variation of dOM during long distance water transport by the China South to North Water diversion Scheme and impact on drinking water treatment

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第5期18卷 85-100页

作者： Hankun Yang Yujuan Li Hongyu Liu nigel j.d.graham Xue Wu jiawei Hou Mengjie Liu Wenyu Wang Wenzheng Yu State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and TechnologyResearch Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100085China School of Environment and Municipal Engineering Qingdao Technological UniversityQingdao266033China Colleges of Forestry Northeast Forestry UniversityHarbin150006China department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Imperial College LondonSouth Kensington CampusLondonSW7 2AZUK School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing100081China State Key Laboratory of Separation Membrane Processes School of Environment Science and EngineeringTiangong UniversityTianjin300387China

In this study,samples were taken from three locations,upstream to downstream,along the central route project of the China South to North Water diversion(SNWd)scheme in summer and *** were used to reveal the variations of dissolved organic matter(dOM)during the water transfer process,and the effects of these variations on drinking water treatment and disinfection by-products formation potential(dBPs-FP).The results showed that polysaccharides accumulate in summer and reduce in winter with flow distance,which has an important effect on the overall properties of dOM,as well as on the performance of coagulation,ultrafiltration,and the formation of *** substances,and their hydrophilic content,also increased in summer and decreased in winter with flow *** contrast,the concentration of small organic substances(MW≤1000 da)increased in both summer and winter with flow distance,which affected both nanofiltration(NF)membrane fouling and *** results provide a useful case study of spatial and temporal changes in raw water dOM during long distance water transfer and their impact on the treatment and quality of drinking water from the SNWd.

关键词： Long-distance water transfer The China South to North Water diversion Scheme Coagulation Membrane filtration disinfection by-products

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Etiology and management of urethral calculi:A systematic review of contemporary series

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Asian journal of Urology 2024年第1期11卷 10-18页

作者： Andrew Morton Arsalan Tariq nigel dunglison Rachel Esler Matthew j.Roberts Faculty of Medicine The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia department of Urology Ipswich HospitalQueenslandAustralia department of Urology Royal Brisbane and Women's HospitalQueenslandAustralia The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research HerstonAustralia

Objective:To conduct a systematic literature review on urethral calculi in a contemporary cohort describing etiology,investigation,and management ***:A systematic search of MEdLINE and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials(CENTRAL)databases was ***,including case reports and case series on urethral calculi published between january 2000 and december 2019,were ***-text manuscripts were reviewed for clinical parameters including symptomatology,etiology,medical history,investigations,treatment,and *** were collated and analyzed with univariate ***:Seventy-four publications met inclusion criteria,reporting on 95 *** symptoms(41.1%),pain(40.0%),and acute urinary retention(32.6%)were common presenting *** calculi were most often initially investigated using plain X-ray(63.2%),with almost all radio-opaque(98.3%).Urethral calculi were frequently associated with coexistent bladder or upper urinary tract calculi(16.8%)and underlying urethral pathology(53.7%)including diverticulum(33.7%)or stricture(13.7%).Urethral calculi were most commonly managed with external urethrolithotomy(31.6%),retrograde manipulation(22.1%),and endoscopic in situ lithotripsy(17.9%).Conclusion:This unique systematic review of urethral calculi provided a summary of clinical features and treatment trends with a suggested treatment *** in contemporary urological practice should be according to calculus size,shape,anatomical location,and presence of urethral pathology.

关键词： Urinary calculi Urethra Urethral calculi Management algorithm

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Effect and mechanism of manganate preoxidation for organics removal

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2014年第6期57卷 1160-1164页

作者： REN Zhijun nigel graham College of Aerospace and Civil Engineering Harbin Engineering University department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Imperial College LondonSouth Kensington Campus

The performance and mechanism of manganate preoxidation process for organics removal were investigated in the present *** results showed that manganate was a potentially powerful oxidizing agent and could make the natural organic matter(NOM)concentration of sample solution *** process of manganate in combination with ferrous sulphate(FeMnO)was effective for organics removal and with the highest removal rate of 89%when the FeMnO dose was 0.18 mmol/*** fluorescence analysis showed that the fluorescence intensity values related to hydrophobic acids and model humic acid polymers were the highest and the relative position of the main peak fluorescence intensity was shifted towards lower emission wavelengths,which indicated the reduction in the degree of aromaticity of residual organic matter fraction.

关键词： potassium manganate femno process oxidation organic matters

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Unraveling Membrane Fouling Induced by Chlorinated Water Versus Surface Water:Biofouling Properties and Microbiological Investigation

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Engineering 2022年第8期8卷 154-164页

作者： Li Zhang Lei Xu nigel graham Wenzheng Yu State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry Research Center for Eco-Environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Imperial College LondonSouth Kensington CampusLondon SW72AZUK

Chlorine is usually applied in the urban water treatment process to deactivate pathogens and prevent waterborne *** a pre-treatment,it remains unclear whether chlorinated water can effectively alleviate membrane fouling during ultrafiltration(UF).In this study,tap water was investigated for its effect on biofilm formation and biofouling in a gravity-driven membrane(GdM)filtration *** comparison,biofilm/biofouling with untreated surface(lake)water was studied in *** was found that more severe membrane fouling occurred with the filtration of tap water than lake water,and larger quantities of polysaccharide and extracellular dNA(edNA)were present in the tap-water biofilm than in the lake-water *** tap-water biofilm had a densely compact *** contrast,a porous,spider-like structure was observed for the lake-water biofilm,which was assumed to be associated with the bacteria in the *** hypothesis was verified by 16S ribosomal RNA(rRNA)sequencing,which demonstrated that Xanthobacter was the dominant taxon in the tap-water ***,membrane hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity played a minor role in affecting the membrane fouling properties and microbial *** study revealed the significant role of chlorine-resistant bacteria in biofouling formation and provides a deeper understanding of membrane fouling,which can potentially aid in searching for effective ways of controlling membrane fouling.

关键词： Membrane fouling Biofilm GdM filtration technology Ultrafiltration Chlorine-resistant bacteria Hydrophilicity

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黄土高原4种高糖黑麦草在不同刈割方式下的营养价值评价

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草地学报 2024年

作者：邹敏成慧宁娇李腾飞谢凯丽 Eun joong Kim nigel Scollan 常生华侯扶江草种创新与草地农业生态系统全国重点实验室兰州大学农业农村部草牧业创新重点实验室兰州大学草地农业科技学院 department of Animal Science， Kyungpook National University Institute of Biological， Environmental and Rural Sciences， Aberystwyth University

为探究刈割方式对高糖黑麦草营养价值的影响，在黄土高原种植了‘AberStar’‘AberMagic’‘AberAvon’和‘Premium’4种高糖黑麦草（High sugar ryegrass，HSR），并进行了动态取样，研究多次刈割和一次刈割两种刈割方式对其产量、营... 详细信息

为探究刈割方式对高糖黑麦草营养价值的影响，在黄土高原种植了‘AberStar’‘AberMagic’‘AberAvon’和‘Premium’4种高糖黑麦草（High sugar ryegrass，HSR），并进行了动态取样，研究多次刈割和一次刈割两种刈割方式对其产量、营养品质动态和稳定性的影响，并完成了综合评价。结果表明，在牧草的生长过程中，4个品种多次刈割的产量均高于一次刈割，但产量稳定性低于一次刈割5.38%～23.91%。多次刈割的粗蛋白含量稳定性显著高于一次刈割（Pd时达到最高。多次刈割的食物当量显著高于一次刈割（P<0.05）。在所有处理组合中，‘AberStar’品种进行多次刈割产量和品质表现最佳。本研究确定了高产优质的高糖黑麦草品种及其刈割方式，将为黄土高原地区高糖黑麦草的栽培管理措施提供科学依据。

关键词：高糖黑麦草黄土高原营养品质产草量

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Pathogenicity of bacterium, Xenorhabdus nematophila isolated from entomopathogenic nematode (Steinernema carpocapsae) and its secretion against Galleria mellonella larvae

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journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2005年第6期6卷 457-463页

作者： MAHAR Ali Nawaz MUNIR Muhammad ELAWAd Sami GOWEN Simon Richard HAGUE nigel graham Meckenzi department of Agriculture University of Reading Reading RG6 6AT UKSchool of Plant Sciences University of Reading Reading RG6 6AS UKDepartment of Agriculture University of Reading Reading RG6 6AT UKDepartment of Agriculture University of Reading Reading RG6 6AT UKDepartment of Agriculture University of Reading Reading RG6 6AT UK

The entomopathogenic bacterium, Xenorhabdus nematophila was isolated from the hemolymph of Galleria mel- lonella infected with Steinernema carpocapsae. The bacterial cells and its metabolic secretions have been found lethal to the Galleria larvae. Toxic secretion in broth caused 95% mortality within 4 d of application whereas the bacterial cells caused 93% mortality after 6 d. When filter and sand substrates were compared, the later one was observed as appropriate. Similarly, bacterial cells and secretion in broth were more effective at 14% moisture and 25 °C temperature treatments. Maximum insect mortality (100%) was observed when bacterial concentration of 4×106 cells/ml was used. Similarly, maximum bacterial cells in broth (95%) were penetrated into the insect body within 2 h of their application. However, when stored bacterial toxic secretion was applied to the insects its efficacy declined. On the other hand, when the same toxic secretion was dried and then dissolved either in broth or water was proved to be effective. The present study showed that the bacterium, X. nematophila or its toxic secretion can be used as an important component of integrated pest management against Galleria.

关键词： Biological control Bacterial symbionts Entomopathogenic nematodes Xenorhabdus nematophila Galleria mellonella

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Hydrogen for a Net-Zero Carbon World

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Engineering 2023年第10期29卷 8-10页

作者： nigel P.Brandon james j.Brandon Faculty of Engineering Imperial College LondonSouth Kensington CampusLondon SW72AZUK The First Element Ltd. London N17GUUK

*** hydrogen?The concept of the“hydrogen economy”was first coined by *** Bockris during a talk he gave in 1970 at the General Motors Technical ***’s talk introduced the vision of a world economy in which energy was... 详细信息

关键词： hydrogen Carbon economy

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Regression of recurrent granulosa cell tumor liver metastases following selective internal radiation therapy

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic diseases International 2023年第4期22卷 406-408页

作者： Omar A Mownah john d Leahy jeffrey Summers Stephen M Gregory nigel d Heaton Institute of Liver Studies King’s Healthcare PartnersKing’s College Hospital NHS Foundation TrustDenmark HillLondon SE59RSUK department of Oncology Maidstone and Tunbridge Wells NHS TrustMaidstone ME169QQUK

Granulosa cell tumor(GCT)is the most common sex cordstromal tumor,comprising 5%of all ovarian malignancies[1].The disease course is indolent,and the majority of cases present at stage ***,metastases may develop with potential sites being peritoneum,lung,brain,liver and bone[2].due to the rarity of the disease,published evidence for management of granulosa cell tumor liver metastases(GCTLM)is *** resection is the optimal treatment in instances where there is a high chance of achieving complete resection[3].With regards to unresectable GCTLM there is a paucity of evidence to guide treatment strategy.

关键词： metastases liver lung

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Pores for thought:generative adversarial networks for stochastic reconstruction of 3d multi-phase electrode microstructures with periodic boundaries

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npj Computational Materials 2020年第1期6卷 971-981页

作者： Andrea Gayon-Lombardo Lukas Mosser nigel P.Brandon Samuel j.Cooper department of Earth Science and Engineering Imperial College LondonLondon SW72BPUK Earth Science Analytics ASA Professor Olav Hanssens vei 7AStavanger 4021Norge dyson School of design Engineering Imperial College LondonLondon SW72DBUK

The generation of multiphase porous electrode microstructures is a critical step in the optimisation of electrochemical energy storage *** work implements a deep convolutional generative adversarial network(dC-GAN)for generating realistic nphase microstructural *** same network architecture is successfully applied to two very different three-phase microstructures:A lithium-ion battery cathode and a solid oxide fuel cell anode.A comparison between the real and synthetic data is performed in terms of the morphological properties(volume fraction,specific surface area,triple-phase boundary)and transport properties(relative diffusivity),as well as the two-point correlation *** results show excellent agreement between datasets and they are also visually *** modifying the input to the generator,we show that it is possible to generate microstructure with periodic boundaries in all three *** has the potential to significantly reduce the simulated volume required to be considered“representative”and therefore massively reduce the computational cost of the electrochemical simulations necessary to predict the performance of a particular microstructure during optimisation.

关键词： microstructure electrode phase

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Insights into the Microwave Instruments Onboard the Fengyun 3d Satellite:data Quality and Assimilation in the Met Office NWP System

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2021年第8期38卷 1379-1396页

作者： Fabien CARMINATI nigel ATKINSON Brett CANdY Qifeng LU Met Office Exeter EX13PBUK National Satellite Meteorological Center China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China

This paper evaluates the microwave instruments onboard the latest Chinese polar-orbiting satellite, Fengyun 3d (FY- 3d). Comparing three months of observations from the Microwave Temperature Sounder 2 (MWTS-2), the Microwave Humidity Sounder 2 (MWHS-2), and the Microwave Radiation Imager (MWRI) to Met Office short-range forecasts, we characterize the instrumental biases, show how those biases have changed with respect to their predecessors onboard FY- 3C, and how they compare to the Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS) onboard NOAA-20 and the Global Precipitation Measurement Microwave Imager (GMI). The MWTS-2 global bias is much reduced with respect to its predecessor and compares well to ATMS at equivalent channel frequencies, differing only by 0.36 ± 0.28 K (1σ) on average. A suboptimal averaging of raw digital counts is found to cause an increase in striping noise and an ascending- descending bias. MWHS-2 benefits from a new calibration method improving the 183-GHz humidity channels with respect to its predecessor and biases for these channels are within ± 1.9 K to ATMS. MWRI presents the largest improvements, with reduced global bias and standard deviation with respect to FY-3C;although, spurious, seemingly transient, brightness temperatures have been detected in the observations at 36.5 GHz (vertical polarization). The strong solar-dependent bias that affects the instrument on FY-3C has been reduced to less than 0.2 K on average for FY-3d MWRI. Experiments where radiances from these instruments were assimilated on top of a full global system demonstrated a neutral to positive impact on the forecasts, as well as on the fit to the background of independent instruments.

关键词： microwave remote sensing numerical weather prediction data assimilation

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