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How do belowground organisms influence plant-pollinator interactions?

Journal of Plant Ecology 2015年第1期8卷 1-11页

作者： Nicholas A.Barber nicole l.Soper Gorden Department of Biological Sciences Northern Illinois UniversityDeKalbIL 60115USA Institute for the Study of the Environment Sustainabilityand EnergyNorthern Illinois UniversityDeKalbIL 60115USA Department of Biology University of Minnesota DuluthDuluthMN 55812USA

Aims The majority of angiosperms are pollinated by animals,and this interaction is of enormous importance in both agricultural and natural *** behavior is influenced by plants’floral traits,and these traits may be modified by interactions with other community *** recent years,knowledge of ecological linkages between above-and belowground organ-isms has grown *** communities are extremely diverse,and when their interactions with plants influence floral characteristics,they have the potential to alter pollinator attrac-tion and visitation,but plant-pollinator interactions have been neglected in studies of the direct and indirect effects of soil organism-root ***,we review these belowground interactions,focusing on the effects of nitrogen-fixing bacteria,arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and root-feeding herbivores,and their effects on floral traits and ***,we identify gaps in our knowledge of these indirect effects and recommend promising directions and topics that should be addressed by future *** Findings Belowground organisms can influence a wide variety of floral traits that are important mediators of pollinator attraction,including the number and size of flowers and nectar and pollen *** traits that are known to influence pollinators in some plant species,such as floral volatiles,color and nectar composition,have rarely or never been examined in the context of belowground plant *** clear effects on flowers,relatively few studies have measured pollinator responses to belowground *** these indirect effects have been studied,both arbuscular mycorrhi-zal fungi and root herbivores were found to shift pollinator visitation *** on the interaction,these changes may either increase or decrease pollinator ***,we discuss future directions for ecological studies that will more fully integrate below-ground ecology with pollinat

关键词： aboveground-belowground pollinator mycorrhizae herbivore floral traits indirect effects

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Micro-arcsecond Celestial Reference Frames:definition and realization——Impact of the recent IAU Resolutions

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2012年第8期12卷 1162-1184页

作者： nicole Capitaine SYRTE Observatoire de ParisCNRSUPMC61 avenue de l’Observatoire75014ParisFrance

The adoption of the International Celestial Reference System （ICRS）, based on Very long Baseline Interferometry （VlBI） observations of extragalactic radiosources by the International Astronomical Union （IAU） since 1998 January 1, opened a new era for astronomy. The ICRS and the corresponding frame, the International Celestial Reference Frame （ICRF）, replaced the Fundamental Catalog （FK5） based on positions and proper motions of bright stars, with the Hipparcos cat- alog being adopted as the primary realization of the ICRS in optical wavelengths. According to its definition, the ICRS is such that the barycentric directions of distant extragalactic objects show no global rotation with respect to these objects; this pro- vides a quasi-inertial reference for measuring the positions and angular motions of the celestial objects. Other resolutions on reference systems were passed by the IAU in 2000 and 2006 and endorsed by the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics （IUGG） in 2003 and 2007, respectively. These especially concern the definition and re- alization of the astronomical reference systems in the framework of general relativity and transformations between them. First, the IAU 2000 resolutions refined the con- cepts and definition of the astronomical reference systems and parameters for Earth＇s rotation, and adopted the IAU 2000 precession-nutation. Then, the IAU 2006 resolutions adopted a new precession model that is consistent with dynamical theories; they also addressed definition, terminology or orientation issues relative to reference systems and time scales that needed to be specified after the adoption of the IAU 2000 resolutions. An additional IUGG 2007 resolution defined the International Terrestrial Reference System （ITRS） so that it strictly complies with the IAU recommendations. Finally, the IAU 2009 resolutions adopted a new system of astronomical constants and an improved realization of the ICRF. These fundamental changes have led to significant

关键词： astrometry and celestial mechanics: astrometry -- reference systems --Earth -- techniques: interferometric

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Welfare and Market Impacts of Food Safety Measures in China: Results from Urban Consumers' Valuation of Product Attributes

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2014年第6期13卷 1404-1411页

作者： David l. Ortega H. Holly Wang nicole J. Olynk Widmar Department of Agricultural Foodand Resource EconomicsMichigan State University Department of Agricultural Economics Purdue University

This study provides an economics assessment of various food safety measures in China. A choice experiment approach is used to elicit Chinese consumer preferences for various food safety attributes using data from a 2008 urban consumer survey. An alternative welfare calculation is used to model aggregate market impacts of select food safety measures. Our results show that the largest welfare gains are found in the current government-run certiifcation program. The implementation of a third-party certiifcation system, a traceability network and a product label would generate signiifcant value and would help reduce current system inefifciencies in China. This study builds on previous research and provides an alternative approach for calculating consumer valuation of safety and quality attributes that can be used to estimate aggregate economic and welfare impacts.

关键词： food safety consumer welfare food policy China

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Seasonal shifts in the solute ion ratios of vadose zone rock moisture from the Eel River Critical Zone Observatory

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地球化学学报（英文） 2017年第3期36卷 385-388页

作者： Jennifer l.Druhan nicole Fernandez Jia Wang William E.Dietrich Daniella Rempe Department of Geology University of Illinois Urbana Champaign Department of Earth and Planetary Science University of California Berkeley Jackson School of Geosciences University of Texas at Austin

One of the greatest challenges in critical zone studies is to document the moisture dynamics, water flux,and solute chemistry of the unsaturated, fractured and weathered bedrock that lies between the soil and groundwater table. The central impediment to quantifying this component of the subsurface is the difficulty associated with direct observations. Here, we report solute chemistry as a function of depth collected over a full year across the shale-derived vadose zone of the Eel River Critical Zone Observatory using a set of novel sub-horizontal wellbores,referred to as the vadose zone monitoring system. The results of this first geochemical glimpse into the deep vadose zone indicate a dynamic temporal and depth-resolved structure. Major cation concentrations reflect seasonal changes in precipitation and water saturation, and normalized ratios span the full range of values reported for the world's largest rivers.

关键词：阳离子浓度临界区渗流区季节变化溶质鳗鱼含水率比值

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Systematic Cross-biospecimen Evaluation of DNA Extraction Kits for long-and Short-read Multi-metagenomic Sequencing Studies

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2022年第2期20卷 405-417页

作者： Jacqueline Rehner Georges Pierre Schmartz laura Groeger Jan Dastbaz nicole ludwig Matthias Hannig Stefan Rupf Berthold Seitz Elias Flockerzi Tim Berger Matthias Christian Reichert Marcin Krawczyk Eckart Meese Christian Herr Robert Bals Soren l.Becker Andreas Keller Rolf Muller The IMAGINE Consortium Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene Saarland UniversityD-66421 HomburgGermany Clinical Bioinformatics Saarland UniversityD-66123 SaarbruckenGermany Department of Human Genetics Saarland UniversityD-66421 HomburgGermany Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland D-66123 SaarbruckenGermany Clinic of Operative Dentistry Periodontology and Preventive DentistrySaarland UniversityD-66421 HomburgGermany Department of Ophthalmology Saarland University Medical CenterD-66421 HomburgGermany Department of Medicine Ⅱ Saarland University Medical CenterD-66421 HomburgGermany Department of Internal Medicine V–Pulmonology AllergologyIntensive Care MedicineSaarland UniversityD-66421 HomburgGermany

High-quality DNA extraction is a crucial step in metagenomic *** by different isolation kits impairs the comparison across datasets.A trending topic is,however,the analysis of multiple metagenomes from the same patients to draw a holistic picture of microbiota associated with *** thus collected bile,stool,saliva,plaque,sputum,and conjunctival swab samples and performed DNA extraction with three commercial *** each combination of the specimen type and DNA extraction kit,20-gigabase(Gb)metagenomic data were generated using short-read *** profiles of the specimen types showed close proximity to each other,we observed notable differences in the alpha diversity and composition of the microbiota depending on the DNA extraction *** kit outperformed all selected kits on every *** reached consistently good results using the Qiagen QiAamp DNA Microbiome *** on the specimen,our data indicate that over 10 Gb of sequencing data are required to achieve sufficient resolution,but DNA-based identification is superior to identification by mass ***,longread nanopore sequencing confirmed the results(correlation coefficient>0.98).Our results thus suggest using a strategy with only one kit for studies aiming for a direct comparison of multiple microbiotas from the same patients.

关键词： Whole-genome analysis Comparative genomics Short-read sequencing long-read sequencing DNA extraction Metagenomics

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Acetylation of PPARγin macrophages promotes visceral fat degeneration in obesity

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life Metabolism 2022年第3期1卷 258-269页

作者： nicole Aaron Tarik Zahr Ying He lexiang Yu Brent Mayfield Utpal BPajvani li Qiang Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center Columbia UniversityNew YorkNYUSA Department of Pharmacology Columbia UniversityNew YorkNYUSA Department of Pathology and Cell Biology Columbia UniversityNew YorkNYUSA Department of Genetics and Development Columbia UniversityNew YorkNYUSA Department of Medicine Columbia UniversityNew YorkNYUSA

Obesity is characterized by chronic,low-grade inflammation,which is driven by macrophage infiltration of adipose ***γ is well established to have an anti-inflammatory function in macrophages,but the mechanism that regulates its function in these cells remains to be fully ***γundergoes post-translational modifications(PTMs),including acetylation,to mediate ligand responses,including on metabolic ***,we report that PPARγacetylation in macrophages promotes their infiltration into adipose tissue,exacerbating metabolic *** generated a mouse line that expresses a macrophage-specific,constitutive acetylation-mimetic form of PPARγ(K293Q^(flox/flox):lysM-cre,mK293Q)to dissect the role of PPARγacetylation in *** highfat diet feeding to stimulate macrophage infiltration into adipose tissue,we assessed the overall metabolic profile and tissue-specific phenotype of the mutant mice,including responses to the PPARγagonist ***-specific PPARγK293Q expression promotes proinflammatory macrophage infiltration and fibrosis in epididymal white adipose tissue,but not in subcutaneous or brown adipose tissue,leading to decreased energy expenditure,insulin sensitivity,glucose tolerance,and adipose tissue ***,mK293Q mice are resistant to Rosiglitazone-induced improvements in adipose tissue *** study reveals that acetylation is a new layer of PPARγregulation in macrophage activation,and highlights the importance and potential therapeutic implications of such PTMs in regulating metabolism.

关键词： PPARγacetylation adipose tissue remodeling macrophage inflammation fibrosis

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Novel Y-chromosome Short Tandem Repeat Variants Detected Through the Use of Massively Parallel Sequencing

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2015年第4期13卷 250-257页

作者： David H.Warshauer Jennifer D.Churchill nicole Novroski Jonathan l.King Bruce Budowle Institute of Applied Genetics Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics University of North Texas Health Science Center Center of Excellence in Genomic Medicine Research (CEGMR) King Abdulaziz University

Massively parallel sequencing （MPS） technology is capable of determining the sizes of short tandem repeat （STR） alleles as well as their individual nueleotide sequences. Thus, single nucleotide polymorphisms （SNPs） within the repeat regions of STRs and variations in the pattern of repeat units in a given repeat motif can be used to differentiate alleles of the same length. In this study, MPS was used to sequence 28 forensically-relevant Y-chromosome STRs in a set of 41 DNA samples from the 3 major U.S. population groups （African Americans, Caucasians, and Hispanics）. The resulting sequence data, which were analyzed with STRait Razor v2.0, revealed 37 unique allele sequence variants that have not been previously reported. Of these, 19 sequences were variations of documented sequences resulting from the presence of intra-repeat SNPs or alternative repeat unit patterns. Despite a limited sampling, two of the most frequently-observed variants were found only in African American samples. The remaining 18 variants represented allele sequences for which there were no published data with which to compare. These findings illustrate the great potential of MPS with regard to increasing the resolving power of STR typing and emphasize the need for sample population characterization of STR alleles.

关键词： Y-STR Sequence polymorphism Allele variants Massively parallel sequencing Nextera STRait Razor

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Tunable photocycle kinetics of a hybrid bacteriorhodopsin/quantum dot system

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Nano Research 2019年第2期12卷 365-373页

作者： Terianna J. Wax Jordan A. Greco Shutang Chen nicole l. Wagner Jing Zhao Robert R. Birge 55 North Eagleville Rd Department of Chemistry University of Connecticut Storrs CT 06269-3060 USA

The inclusion of inorganic nanoparticles in biological environments has led to the creation of hybrid nanosystems that are employed in a variety of applications. One such system includes quantum dots (QDs) coupled with the photoactive protein, bacteriorhodopsin (BR), which has been explored in developing enhanced photovoltaic devices. In this work, we have discovered that the kinetics of the BR photocycle can be manipulated using CdSe/CdS (core/shell) QDs. The photocycle lifetime of protein samples with varying QD amounts were monitored using time-resolved absorption spectroscopy. Concentration-dependent elongations of the bR and M state lifetimes were observed in the kinetic traces, thus suggesting that excitonic coupling occurs between BR and QDs. We propose that the pairing of BR with QDs has the potential to be utilized in protein-based computing applications, specifically for real-time holographic processors, which depend on the temporal dynamics of the bR and M photointermediates.

关键词： bacteriorhodopsin photocycle bionanotechnology photochromism quantum dot hybrid materials

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Rare case of secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in a patient with disseminated histoplasmosis

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Pediatric Investigation 2023年第3期7卷 222-224页

作者： Hatem Alzahrani Melanie Pancoast Kody Finstad nicole Pele Francisca Fasipe Mohamed Elsaid Department of Pediatric Oncology King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center MadinahRiyadhSaudi Arabia John Peter Smith Hospital Fort WorthTexasUSA School of Medicine University of MissouriSpringfieldMissouriUSA Department of Pediatric Mercy Children’s HospitalSpringfieldMissouriUSA Department of Pathology Mercy Children’s HospitalSpringfieldMissouriUSA Division of Hematology/Oncology Mercy Children’s HospitalSpringfieldMissouriUSA

To the editor:A previously healthy 3-month-old male presented to his pediatrician with an isolated fever for a few days.A complete blood count(CBC)revealed hemoglobin(Hb)81 g/l,mean cell volume(MCV)79 fl,white blood cell count(WBC)1.9×10^(9)/l,absolute neutrophil count(ANC)3.2×10^(9)/l,and platelet count 260×10^(9)/*** CBC a few days later showed worsening of the leukopenia and *** hospital admission,the patient had a history of fever and lethargy for 11 *** history revealed that his father is a farm *** physical examination showed massive hepatosplenomegaly.

关键词： patient anemia editor

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Advanced Robotics to Address the Translational Gap in Tendon Engineering

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Cyborg and Bionic Systems 2022年第1期2022卷 221-238页

作者： Iain l.Sander nicole Dvorak Julie A.Stebbins Andrew J.Carr Pierre-Alexis Mouthuy Botnar Research Centre Nufield Department of OrthopaedicsRheumatologyand Musculoskeletal SciencesUniversity of OsfordWindmill RoadOxford 0X37LDUK Oxford Gait laboratory Nfield Orthopaedic CentreTebbit CentreWindmill RoadOxford 0X37HEUK

Tendon disease is a significant and growing burden to healthcare *** strategy to address this challenge is tssueengineering.A widely held view in this feld is that mechanical stimulation provided to constructs should replicate themechanicaienvironment of native tissue as closely as *** review recent tendon tissue engineering studies inthisarticle and highlight limitations of conventional uniaxial tensile bioreactors used in current *** roboticplatforms such as musculoskeletal humanoid robots and soft robotic actuators are promising technologies which may helpaddress translational gaps in tendon tissue engineering We suggest the proposed benets of these technologies and identifyrecent studies which have worked to implement these technologies in tssue ***,key chalenges to addressinadapting these robotic technologies and proposed future research directions for tendon tssue engineering are discussed.

关键词： directions limitations Tendon

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