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Evidence for a ‘preinvasive’ variant of fungal sinusitis: Tissue invasion without angioinvasion

World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2017年第1期3卷 -页

作者： Hassan Paknezhad nicole a.borchard Greg W.Charville Noel F.Ayoub Garret W.Choby Andrew Thamboo Jayakar V.Nayak Division of Rhinology Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck SurgeryStanford University School of MedicineUSA

Clinical experience has suggested the existence of an intermediate form of fungal sinusitis between the categories of non-invasive fungal sinusitis (non-IFS) and invasive fungal sinusitis (IFS).This fungal sinusitis variant demonstrates unhealthy mucosa by endoscopy with fungal invasion,but lacks angioinvasion microscopically,representing what clinically behaves as a ‘pre-invasive’ subtype of fungal *** non-IFS disease,patients with preinvasive fungal sinusitis were still felt to require anti-fungal medications due to histologic presence of invasive *** sharing some clinical features of IFS,these ‘intermediate’ patients were successfully spared extended and repeated surgical debridements given the microscopic findings,and have been successfully treated with shorter courses of antifungal *** select patients have had favorable outcomes when managed in a judicious and semi-aggressive manner,in an undefined zone between the treatments for routine fungal ball and aggressive IFS.

关键词： Fungal sinusitis Invasive fungal sinusitis IFS Chronic rhinosinusitis Fungal ball Visual loss Immunocompromised Immunosuppressed Antifungal therapy

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Feedstock choice,pyrolysis temperature and type influence biochar characteristics:a comprehensive meta-data analysis review

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Biochar 2020年第4期2卷 421-438页

作者： James A.Ippolito Liqiang Cui Claudia Kammann nicole Wrage‑Mönnig Jose MEstavillo Teresa Fuertes‑Mendizabal Maria Luz Cayuela Gilbert Sigua Jeff Novak Kurt Spokas Nils borchard Department of Soil and Crop Sciences Colorado State UniversityFort Collins 80523USA School of Environmental Science and Engineering Yancheng Institute of Technology9 Yingbin AvenueYancheng 224051China Department of Applied Ecology Geisenheim UniversityVon‑Lade‑Straße 165366 GeisenheimGermany Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Grassland and Fodder SciencesUniversity of RostockJustus‑von‑Liebig‑Weg 618059 RostockGermany Department of Plant Biology and Ecology University of the Basque Country(UPV/EHU)Apdo.64448080 BilbaoSpain Department of Soil and Water Conservation and Waste Management CEBAS-CSICCampus Universitario de Espinardo30100 MurciaSpain United States Department of Agriculture Agriculture Research ServiceCoastal Plains Research Center2611 West Lucas StreetFlorenceSC 29501USA United States Department of Agriculture Agriculture Research ServiceSoil and Water Management Research UnitUniversity of Minnesota439 Borlaug Hall1991 Buford CircleSt.PaulMN 29501USA Natural Resources Institute Finland(Luke) Latokartanonkaari 900790 HelsinkiFinland

Various studies have established that feedstock choice,pyrolysis temperature,and pyrolysis type influence final biochar physicochemical ***,overarching analyses of pre-biochar creation choices and correlations to biochar characteristics are severely ***,the objective of this work was to help researchers,biochar-stakeholders,and practitioners make more well-informed choices in terms of how these three major parameters influence the final biochar *** approximately 5400 peer-reviewed journal articles and over 50,800 individual data points,herein we elucidate the selections that influence final biochar physical and chemical properties,total nutrient content,and perhaps more importantly tools one can use to predict biochar’s nutrient *** on the large dataset collected,it appears that pyrolysis type(fast or slow)plays a minor role in biochar physico-(inorganic)chemical characteristics;few differences were evident between production *** temperature,however,affects biochar’s longevity,with pyrolysis temperatures>500℃ generally leading to longer-term(i.e.,>1000 years)*** pyrolysis temperatures also led to biochars containing greater overall C and specific surface area(SSA),which could promote soil physico-chemical ***,based on the collected data,it appears that feedstock selection has the largest influence on biochar *** surface area is greatest in wood-based biochars,which in combination with pyrolysis temperature could likely promote greater changes in soil physical characteristics over other feedstock-based ***-and other grass-based biochars appear to have cation exchange capacities greater than other biochars,which in combination with pyrolysis temperature could potentially lead to longer-term changes in soil nutrient *** collected data also suggest that one can reasonably predict the availability of various biochar nutrients(e.g.,N,P

关键词： Biochar Total elemental analysis Plant-available elemental analysis Physico-chemical characteristics·Meta-analysis

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