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Influences of Lower-Mantle Properties on the Formation of Asthenosphere in Oceanic Upper Mantle

Journal of Earth Science 2011年第2期22卷 143-154页

作者： David A Yuen nicola Tosi Ondrej adek Department of Geology and Geophysics and Minnesota Supercomputing Institute University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN 55415USA Department of Planetary Physics Institute of Planetary ResearchGerman Aerospace Center(DLR)BerlinGermany Department of Geophysics Faculty of Mathematics and PhysicsCharles UniversityPragueCzech Republic

Asthenosphere is a venerable concept based on geological intuition of Reginald Daly nearly 100 years ago. There have been various explanations for the existence of the asthenosphere. The concept of a plume-fed asthenosphere has been around for a few years due to the ideas put forth by Yamamoto et al.. Using a two-dimensional Cartesian code based on finite-volume method, we have investigated the influences of lower-mantle physical properties on the formation of a low-viscosity zone in the oceanic upper mantle in regions close to a large mantle upwelUng. The rheological law is Newtonian and depends on both temperature and depth. An extended-Boussinesq model is assumed for the energetics and the olivine to spinel, the spinel to perovskite and perovskite to post-perovskite （ppv） phase transitions are considered. We have compared the differences in the behavior of hot upweilings passing through the transition zone in the mid-mantle for a variety of models, starting with constant physical properties in the lower-mantle and culminating with complex models which have the post-perovskite phase transition and depth-dependent coefficient of thermal expansion and thermal conductivity. We found that the formation of the asthenosphere in the upper mantle in the vicinity of large upwellings is facilitated in models where both depth-dependent thermal expansivity and conductivity are included. Models with constant thermal expansivity and thermal conductivity do not produce a hot low-viscosity zone, resembling the asthenosphere. We have also studied the influences of a cylindrical model and found similar results as the Cartesian model with the important difference that upper-mantle temperatures were much cooler than the Cartesian model by about 600 to 700 K. Our findings argue for the potentially important role played by lower-mantle material properties on the development of a plume-fed asthenosphere in the oceanic upper mantle.

关键词： oceanic asthenosphere lower mantle thermal expansivity thermal conductivity phase transition.

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Hear no evil： The effect of auditory warning signals on avian innate avoidance, learned avoidance and memory

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Current Zoology 2011年第2期57卷 197-207页

作者： Emma C. SIDDALL nicola M. MARPLES School of Natural Sciences Trinity College Dublin Dublin 2 Ireland

Many aposematic insect species advertise their toxicity to potential predators using olfactory and auditory signals, in addition to visual signals, to produce a multimodal warning display. The olfactory signals in these displays may have interesting effects, such as eliciting innate avoidance against novel colored prey, or improving learning and memory of defended prey. However, little is known about the effects of such ancillary signals when they are auditory rather than olfactory. The few studies that have investigated this question have provided conflicting results. The current study sought to clarify and extend understanding of the effects of prey auditory signals on avian predator responses. The domestic chick Gallus gallus domesticus was used as a model avian predator to examine how the defensive buzzing sound of a bumblebee Bombus terrestris affected the chick＇s innate avoidance behavior, and the learning and memory of prey avoidance. The results demonstrate that the buzzing sound had no effect on the predator＇s responses to unpalatable aposematically colored crumbs, suggesting that the agitated buzzing of B. terrestris may provide no additional protection from avian predators .

关键词： Aposematism Auditory signals Dietary conservatism Avoidance learning Memorability Multimodal signaling

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The effect of pyrazine odor on avoidance learning and memory in wild robins Erithacus rubecula

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Current Zoology 2011年第2期57卷 208-214页

作者： Emma C. SIDDALL nicola M. MARPLES School of Natural Sciences Trinity College Dublin Dublin 2 Ireland

Toxic insects advertise their defended state to potential predators using warning displays. Frequently these displays use cues through more than one sensory modality, and combine color, smell and sound to produce a multimodal warning display. Signalling through more than one sensory pathway may enhance the rate of avoidance learning, and the memorability of the learned avoidance. A common insect warning odor, pyrazine, has previously been shown to increase the rate of learned avoidance of unpalatable yellow prey by domestic chicks （GaUus gallus domesticus）, and the odor also improved memory of this learned avoidance. However, to date no research has examined this response to pyrazine odor using wild birds under natural conditions. This study used wild robins （Erithacus rubecula） to investigate whether wild birds avoided yellow baits that smelled of pyrazine more strongly than those presented with no odor. The results provide some evidence that pyrazine odor does increase the level of protection an aposematic insect gains from a wild avian predator, but that the effect of pyrazine on learned avoidance was much weaker than was found with domestic chicks .

关键词： Aposematism Learned avoidance Memory Multimodal warning display Pyrazine Robins

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A Complex Systems Science Perspective on Wireless Networks

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Journal of Systems Science & Complexity 2016年第4期29卷 1034-1056页

作者： MACALUSO Irene GALIOTTO Carlo MARCHETTI nicola DOYLE Linda CTVR Telecommunications Research Center Trinity College Dublin

The paper targets a future world where all wireless networks are self-organising entities and in which the predominant mode of spectrum access is dynamic. The paper explores whether the behaviour of a collection of autonomous self-organising wireless systems can be treated as a complex system and whether complex systems science can shed light on the design and deployment of these networks. The authors focus on networks that self-organise from a frequency perspective to understand the behaviour of a collection of wireless self-organising nodes. Each autonomous network is modelled as a cell in a lattice and follows a simple set of self-organisation rules. Two scenarios are considered, one in which each cell is based on cellular automata and which provides an abstracted view of interference and a second in which each cell uses a self-organising technique which more accurately accounts for interference. The authors use excess entropy to measure complexity and in combination with entropy gain an understanding of the structure emerging in the lattice for the self-organising networks. The authors show that the self-organising systems presented here do exhibit complex behaviour. Finally,the authors look at the robustness of these complex systems and show that they are robust against changes in the environment.

关键词： Dynamic spectrum access excess entropy robustness self organising wireless networks.

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Biomarkers for targeted rehabilitation strategies after breast cancer: Proposal for the next-generation management of survivorship issues

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BIOCELL 2022年第10期46卷 2221-2223页

作者： MARCO INVERNIZZI nicola FUSCO Translational Medicine Dipartimento AttivitàIntegrate Ricerca e Innovazione(DAIRI)Azienda Ospedaliera SS.Antonio e Biagio e Cesare ArrigoAlessandria15121Italy Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine Department of Health SciencesUniversity of Eastern PiedmontNovara28100Italy Division of Pathology IEOEuropean Institute of Oncology IRCCSMilan20141Italy Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology University of MilanMilan20122Italy

Breast cancer(BC)is the most common malignant tumor and one of the top causes of cancer-related death worldwide(Sung et al.,2021).The recent advances in early tumor diagnosis coupled with more effective treatment strategies resulted in a steady increase of long-term survivors(Nardin et al.,2020;Invernizzi et al.,2022).These improved survival rates led to a significantly higher incidence of disabling complications related to breast cancer and/or its treatment(Invernizzi et al.,2020a;D’Egidio et al.,2017;Zhong et al.,2020).

关键词： Breast cancer Biomarkers Survivorship Rehabilitation Precision medicine

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Galaxy Spectra Neural Networks(GaSNets). I. Searching for Strong Lens Candidates in eBOSS Spectra Using Deep Learning

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2022年第6期22卷 142-169页

作者： Fucheng Zhong Rui Li nicola R.Napolitano School of Physics and Astronomy Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai CampusZhuhai 519082China CSST Science Center for Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Great Bay Area Zhuhai 519082China School of Astronomy and Space Science University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

With the advent of new spectroscopic surveys from ground and space,observing up to hundreds of millions of galaxies,spectra classification will become overwhelming for standard analysis *** prepare for this challenge,we introduce a family of deep learning tools to classify features in one-dimensional *** the first application of these Galaxy Spectra neural Networks(Ga SNets),we focus on tools specialized in identifying emission lines from strongly lensed star-forming galaxies in the e BOSS *** first discuss the training and testing of these networks and define a threshold probability,PL,of 95%for the high-quality event ***,using a previous set of spectroscopically selected strong lenses from e BOSS,confirmed with the Hubble Space Telescope(HST),we estimate a completeness of~80%as the fraction of lenses recovered above the adopted *** finally apply the Ga SNets to~1.3M eBOSS spectra to collect the first list of~430 new high-quality candidates identified with deep learning from spectroscopy and visually graded as highly probable real events.A preliminary check against ground-based observations tentatively shows that this sample has a confirmation rate of 38%,in line with previous samples selected with standard(no deep learning)classification tools and confirmed by the *** first test shows that machine learning can be efficiently extended to feature recognition in the wavelength space,which will be crucial for future surveys like 4MOST,DESI,Euclid,and the China Space Station Telescope.

关键词： gravitational lensing strong-surveys-techniques spectroscopic

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Ischemic long-term-potentiation(iLTP): perspectives to set the threshold of neural plasticity toward therapy

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Neural Regeneration Research 2015年第10期10卷 1537-1539页

作者： Maximilian Lenz Andreas Vlachos nicola Maggio Department of Neurology The J.Sagol Neuroscience Center The Chaim Sheba Medical Center Institute of Clinical Neuroanatomy Neuroscience Center Frankfurt Goethe-University Frankfurt Talpiot Medical Leadership Program The Chaim Sheba Medical Center

The precise role of neural plasticity under pathological conditions remains not well understood. It appears to be well accepted, however, that changes in the ability of neurons to express plasticity accompany neurological diseases. Here, we discuss recent experimental evidence, which suggests that synaptic plasticity induced by a pathological stimulus, i.e., ischemic long-term-potentiation（i LTP） of excitatory synapses, could play an important role for post-stroke recovery by influencing the post-lesional reorganization of surviving neuronal networks.

关键词： ischemic LTP(iLTP) stroke neural repair synaptic plasticity neural homeostasis

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The Importance of Evidence for the Integration of Traditional and Complementary Medicine into Western Healthcare?

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World Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2016年第1期2卷 74-79页

作者： nicola Robinson Allied Health Sciences School of Health & Social Care London South Bank University

Policy makers should consider improving access to treatments normally considered outside of healthcare in the west, particularly given the recent WHO strategy. However, research on integrating traditional and complementary medicines(T&CM) into conventional health care is lacking. T& CM approaches, may provide a cost effective option given the increase in chronic diseases with evidence of effectiveness of T& CM being key if such approaches are to be offered as part of integrative patient care, in most countries, an integrated healthcare approach is unavailable to patients. Evidence based clinical guidelines on T& CM should influence care provision. However evidence that is available may not even be cited. Poor use of evidence may possibly be a reflection of lack of knowledge and/or biases of guideline developers but additionally stakeholders vary in their perceived need for evidence to implement health policy change. Journal editors should focus on publishing high quality manuscripts, with clear rationales, design and reporting frameworks. Researchers should consider carrying out careful feasibility studies prior to conducting trials taking into account the UK Medical Research Council's framework on complex interventions. Examples of feasibility studies highlighting their importance for trial design are given in this paper. If preparation for more definitive studies is conducted this will in turn improve the quality of research being designed, executed and published and subsequently encourage the inclusion of evidence by guideline developers. Robust evidence is necessary in order to inform governments' health policies providing appropriate T&CM interventions which can ultimately help to provide best patient care.

关键词： Integrated medicine traditional and complementary medicine clinical guidelines evidence based medicine Delphi Technique acupuncture

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Photorealistic modelling of metals from first principles

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npj Computational Materials 2019年第1期5卷 1-12页

作者： Gianluca Prandini Gian-Marco Rignanese nicola Marzari Theory and Simulation of Materials(THEOS)and National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials(MARVEL) École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne1015 LausanneSwitzerland Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences(IMCN) Universitécatholique de Louivain1348 Louvain-la-NeuveBelgium

The colours of metals have attracted the attention of humanity since ancient times,and coloured metals,in particular gold compounds,have been employed for tools and objects symbolizing the aesthetics of *** this work,we develop a comprehensive framework to obtain the reflectivity and colour of metals,and show that the trends in optical properties and the colours can be predicted by straightforward first-principles techniques based on standard *** apply this to predict reflectivity and colour of several elemental metals and of different types of metallic compounds(intermetallics,solid solutions and heterogeneous alloys),considering mainly binary alloys based on noble *** validate the numerical approach through an extensive comparison with experimental data and the photorealistic rendering of known coloured metals.

关键词： alloys intermetallics metals

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Synthesis and photoluminescence of a dendritic europium complex with carbazole moieties

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Journal of Rare Earths 2008年第2期26卷 173-177页

作者：郑佑轩周永慧 Gianluca Accorsi nicola Armaroli State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Nanjing UniversityNanjing 21009 ChinaL'Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività I Consiglio Na- zionale delle Ricerche Via Gobetti 10140129 Bologna Italy State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry Nanjing UniversityNanjing 21009 China L'Istituto per la Sintesi Organica e la Fotoreattività I Consiglio Na- zionale delle Ricerche Via Gobetti 10140129 Bologna Italy

A novel dendritic europium complex containing grafted carbazole units as functional peripheries was synthesized and characterized. The Foerster energy transfer from the peripheries of carbazole units to β-diketonate as well as from the hgands to the central Eu（Ⅲ） ions in the complex was demonstrated. Under the excitation of carbazole units and β-diketonate, characteristic red emission peaks at 612 nm with four shoulders due to the Eu（Ⅲ） ion transition of 5^D0→7^FJ （J=0-4） were observed for the complex.

关键词： dendritic europium complex carbazole, Foerster energy transfer rare earths

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