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Complex relationships between physiological stress and endoparasite infections in natural populations

Current Zoology 2020年第5期66卷 449-457页

作者： Claudia Romeo Lucas A.WAUTERS Francesca Santicchia Ben DANTZER Rupert Palme Adriano Martinoli nicola ferrari Department of Veterinary Medicine Universita degli Stu di di MilanoVia Celoria 10Milano2133Italy bDepartment of Theoretical and Applied Sciences Environment Analysis and Management Unit-Guido Tosi Research Group-Universita degli Studi delKInsubriaVia J.H.Dunant 3Varese21100Italy Department of Biology Evolutionary Ecology GroupUniversity of AntwerpUniversiteitsplein 1Wilrijk2610Belgium Department of Psychology University of Michigan530 Church StreetAnn ArborMl48109USA Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Michigan830 North UniversityAnn ArborMl48109USA Unit of Physiology Pathophysiology and Experimental En docri no logyDepartment of Biomedical Scie ncesUniversity of Veterinary Medicine ViennaVeterinarplatz 1Vienna1210Austria Centro di Ricerca Coordinata Epidemiologia e Sorveglianza Molecolare delle Infezioni Universita degli Studi di MilanoMilanoItaly

Short-term elevation of glucocorticoids(GCs)is one of the major physiological mechanisms by which vertebrates cope with challenging environmental or social factors(stressors).However,when exposure to stressors occurs repeatedly or over a prolonged period of time,animals may experience chronic elevation of GCs,which reduces the immune response efficiency and can lead to higher intensity of parasitic ***,we used invasive gray squirrels Sciurus carolinensis in troduced in Norther n Italy and their 2 most prevale nt gastrointesti nal parasites,the n ematode Strongyloides robustus and coccidia of the genus Eimeria,as a model to investigate relati on ships among macroparasite infection and concentrations of fecal glucocorticoid metabolites(FGMs),an integrated measure of circulating *** results revealed an association of FGMs with infection by ***,but not with *** with higher FGMs appear to be responsible for the greatest *** egg shedding within gray squirrel populations,thus possibly acting as ***,FGMs were negatively associated with adult ***,suggesting that the abundance of adults of this nematode species does not induce elevation in FGMs,but is only affected by it through immun e-mediated effects on its fecun *** ally,the relati on ship betwee n ***(both eggs and adult parasites)and FGMs was not linear,suggesting that only high levels of physiological stress in fluence parasite inf *** fin dings highlight that the direction and magnitude of the stress-infection relationship may depend not only on the specific hostparasite system,but also on the different life stages of the same parasite.

关键词： fecal glucocorticoid metabolites invasive alien species parasites Sciurus carolinensis stress tree squirrel

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Relationships between personality traits and the physiological stress response in a wild mammal

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Current Zoology 2020年第2期66卷 197-204页

作者： Francesca SANTICCHIA Lucas A.WAUTERS Ben DANTZER Sarah E.WESTRICK nicola ferrari Claudia ROMEO Rupert PALME Damiano G.PREATONI Adriano MARTINOLI Department of Theoretical and Applied Sciences Environment Analysis and Management Unit-Guido Tosi Research Group-Universita degli Studi dell'nsubriaVia J.H.Dunant 321100 VareseItly Department of Biology Evolutionary Ecology GroupUniversity of AntwerpUniversiteitsplein 12610 WilrijkBelgium Department of Psychology University of Michigan530 Church StreetAnn ArborMI 48109USA Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Michigan830 North UniversityAnn ArborMI 48109USA Department of Veterinary Medicine Universita degli Studi di MilanoVia Celoria 1020133 MilanoItaly Centro di Ricerca Coordinata Epidemiologia e Sorveglianza Molecolare delle Infezioni Universita degli Studi di MilanoMilanoItly Unit of Physiology Pathophysiology and Experimental EndocrinologyDepartment of Biomedical SciencesUniversity of Veterinary Medicine ViennaVeterinarplatz 11210 ViennaAustria

Glucocorticoids(GCs)are involved in the regulation of an animal's energetic *** stressful situations,they are part of the neuroendocrine response to cope with environmental *** react to aversive stimuli also through behavioral responses,defined as coping *** in captive and wild populations,individuals differ in their behavior along a proactive-reactive *** animals exhibit a bold,active explorative and social personality,whereas reactive ones areshy,less active-explorative and less ***,we test the hypothesis that personality traits and physiological responses to stressors covary,with more proactive individuals having a less pronounced GC stress *** wild populations of invasive gray squirrels Sciurus carolinensis,we measuredfecal glucocorticoid metabolites(FGMs),an integrated measure of circulating GCs,and 3 personality traits(activity,sociability,and exploration)derived from open field test(OFT)and mirror image stimulation(MIS)*** squirrels had higher FGMs in Autumn than in Winter and males with scrotal testes had higher FGMs than nonbreeding *** varied with body mass and population *** expressed more activity exploration at higher than at lower density and heavier squirrels had higher scores for activity exploration than animals that weighed *** in FGM concentrations was not correlated with the expression of the 3 personality ***,our results do not support a strong association between the behavioral and physiological stress responses but show that in wild populations,where animals experience varying environmental conditions,the GC endocrine response and the expression of personality are uncorrelated traits among individuals.

关键词： FGM concentration glucocorticoids HPA axis reactivity MCMCglmm personality-traits Sciurus carolinensis

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Derivatives and Risk Management in the International Maritime Sector

Derivatives and Risk Management in the International Maritim...

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作者： nicola ferrari 复旦大学

学位级别：硕士

国际贸易的便利化,商品供应和需求的衔接,制成品在港口和国家之间的流通,导致了航运业及其相关业务的巨大发展。世界各地的整体经济增长在过去的几年一直是国际贸易增长的引擎因素。经济条件的提高和人们生活方式的改善,为制成品的需求... 详细信息

国际贸易的便利化,商品供应和需求的衔接,制成品在港口和国家之间的流通,导致了航运业及其相关业务的巨大发展。世界各地的整体经济增长在过去的几年一直是国际贸易增长的引擎因素。经济条件的提高和人们生活方式的改善,为制成品的需求增加作出了贡献,对额外运输服务的需求也因此增加。全球各地新材料来源的发现,一直在刺激国际贸易,随着经济增长所产生的新需求也起到协同作用。此外,国际市场的全球化和自由化发挥着关键作用,使公司不仅外包其投入要素,如原材料和劳动力,而且还在更具成本效益的位置建立运营系统,这使得其业务拥有进一步需要,要将他们生产的产品运输到最终用户市场。据估计,世界贸易在商品和制成品方面,有超过百分之七十五是通过海上运输覆盖的,这有助于增长更快、更大、更高效的技术创新投入于市场。但是,航运业也受许多因素影响,诸如从国家经济生产到天气变化。这造成了巨大的运输价格波动,特别是在货运市场。这种不确定性是市场参与者的主要风险,这些参与者急于采用各种工具减少他们的风险,并规避市场的波动。毫不奇怪,衍生产品已发展到对船舶生命周期的每一刻运转进行风险规避,这包括从远期船舶价值协定到拆除远期协议,各种衍生品在这个行业都十分流行。远期运费协议,或简称FFA,是构成这个市场增长最快的一个细分部分。在过去的几年里,航运衍生产品市场发展非常迅速,随着其他行业参与者的加入,包括公用事业和贸易公司、金融机构、对冲基金和结算公司,航运衍生品市场已变得更加复杂。在这情况下,FFA的交易额在2000年到2008年期间几乎以指数形式进行增长,到2008年中时,达到每年1500亿美元。其中,部分增长可以归因于运输行业的参与者对市场波动认知的提高,同时,也可以归因于他们看待和管理类似风险方式的改变。随着市场流动性增加,新产品如期权和掉期交易也在发展,新的交易技术和策略也进行了调整。一个重大的突破是在清仓时,对运输衍生合约,在货物和燃料舱上提供清理设备,这有助于通过消除对方风险以增加产品的交易。这项工作的目标是发展与航运金融和运作的风险管理相关的话题,并特别注重于衍生品和应用于风险管理及建模的统计方法上。本文对货物衍生产品市场的发展和演化,包括FFA和货运期权,进行了分析,同时对贸易、定价和清盘的问题进行讨论。在评价植入于航运投资和运作的战略和管理灵活性时,现实期权问题和利益评估被定位成自然而现代的衍生品工具的延伸。现实期权的重要性,不仅仅在于识别和评价不同投资决策的途径或项目,以使管理者可以纵横于高度不确定的商业环境中,而且在于比较战略决策并核查其财务上的可行性。现实期权分析可以用来评估投资决策的有效执行时间,并找到不同项目最佳的触发值和成本或收入的驱动原因。

关键词： volatility 国际贸易增长 EGARCH 投资决策管理灵活性市场流动性运输价格投入要素衍生产品市场商品供应

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Real-time estimation of the structural utilization level of segmental tunnel lining

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Underground Space 2024年第4期17卷 132-145页

作者： nicola Gottardi Steffen Freitag Gunther Meschke Institute for Structural Mechanics Ruhr University BochumBochum 44801Germany Institute for Structural Analysis Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyKarlsruhe 76131Germany

Over the last decades,an expansion of the underground network has been taking place to cope with the increasing amount of moving people and *** a consequence,it is of vital importance to guarantee the full functionality of the tunnel network by means of preventive maintenance and the monitoring of the tunnel lining state over time.A new method has been developed for the real-time prediction of the utilization level in tunnel segmental linings based on input monitoring *** new concept is founded on a framework,which encompasses an offline and an online *** the former,the generation of feedforward neural networks is accomplished by employing synthetically produced *** element simulations of the lining structure are conducted to analyze the structural response under multiple loading *** scenarios are generated by assuming ranges of variation of the model input parameters to account for the uncertainty due to the not fully determined in situ *** and target quantities are identified to better assess the structural utilization of the *** latter phase consists in the application of the methodological framework on input monitored data,which allows for a real-time prediction of the physical quantities deployed for the estimation of the lining *** approach is validated on a full-scale test of segmental lining,where the predicted quantities are compared with the actual ***,it is investigated the influence of artificial noise added to the training data on the overall prediction performances and the benefits along with the limits of the concept are set out.

关键词： Segmental lining Artificial neural networks Structural utilization level Real-time prediction Structural health monitoring Monitoring data

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A high-order target phase approach for the station-keeping of periodic orbits

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Astrodynamics 2024年第1期8卷 61-75页

作者： Xiaoyu Fu nicola Baresi Roberto Armellin Surrey Space Centre University of SurreyGuildfordGU27XHUK Te PūnahaĀtea-Auckland Space Institute University of AucklandAuckland1010New Zealand

A novel high-order target phase approach(TPhA)for the station-keeping of periodic orbits is proposed in this *** key elements of the TPhA method,the phase-angle Poincare map and high-order maneuver map,are constructed using differential algebra(DA)techniques to determine station-keeping epochs and calculate correction maneuvers.A stochastic optimization framework tailored for the TPhA-based station-keeping process is leveraged to search for fuel-optimal and error-robust TPhA ***-satellite orbits(QSOs)around Phobos are investigated to demonstrate the efficacy of TPhA in mutli-fidelity dynamical *** Carlo simulations demonstrated that the baseline QSO of JAXA’s Martian Moons eXploration(MMX)mission could be maintained with a monthly maneuver budget of approximately 1 m/s.

关键词： target phase approach(TPhA) station-keeping Poincarémap differential algebra(DA) quasi-satellite orbit(QSO)

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The potential for an old-growth forest to store carbon in the topsoil:A case study at Sasso Fratino,Italy

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Journal of Forestry Research 2024年第2期35卷 23-32页

作者： Tommaso Chiti nicola Benilli Giovanni Mastrolonardo Giacomo Certini Dipartimento per la Innovazione nei Sistemi Biologici Agroalimentari e Forestali(DIBAF)Universitàdella TusciaVia San C.de Lellis Snc01100 ViterboItaly Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agrarie AlimentariAmbientali e Forestali(DAGRI)Universitàdegli Studi di FirenzeP.le delle Cascine 1850144 FirenzeItaly

There is considerable interest devoted to oldgrowth forests and their capacity to store carbon(C)in biomass and *** of C stocks in old-growth forests are carried out worldwide,although there is a lack of information on their actual potential for C *** further understand this,soil organic carbon(SOC)was measured in one of Italy's best-preserved old-growth forests,the Sasso Fratino Integral Nature *** reserve is on the World Heritage List along with other ancient beech forests of Europe,and it is virtually untouched due to the steepness of the terrain,even before legal constraints were *** the sandstone-derived soils are often shallow,they are rich in organic ***,no quantification had been carried *** systematically sampling the topsoil across the forest,we accurately determined the average amount of SOC(62.0±16.9 Mg ha^(–1))and nitrogen(4.0±1.2 Mg ha^(–1))in the top 20 *** the CENTURY model,future dynamics of SOC stocks were predicted to 2050 according to two climate scenarios,A1F1 and B2,the first of high concern and the second more *** model projected an increase of 0.2 and 0.3 Mg ha^(–1)a^(–1)by 2030 under the A1F1 and B2 scenarios,respectively,suggesting that the topsoil in old-growth forests does not reach equilibrium but continues accumulating ***,from 2030 to 2050,a decline in SOC accumulation is predicted,indicating SOC net loss at high altitudes under the worst-case *** study confirms that soils in oldgrowth forests play a significant role in carbon *** also suggests that climate change may affect the potential of these forests to store SOC not only in the long term but also in the coming years.

关键词： Carbon sequestration CENTURY model Climate change Forest soil Soil nitrogen

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Risk of hepatitis B virus reactivation in oncological patients treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors:A case report and literature analysis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第9期30卷 1253-1256页

作者： Francesca Colapietro nicola Pugliese Antonio Voza Alessio Aghemo Stella De nicola Department of Biomedical Sciences Humanitas UniversityMilan 20072Italy Division of Internal Medicine and Hepatology Department of GastroenterologyHumanitas Research HospitalMilan 20089Italy Department of Emergency Humanitas Research HospitalMilan 20089Italy

Hepatitis B virus(HBV)reactivation(HBVr)represents a severe and potentially life-threatening condition,and preventive measures are available through blood test screening or prophylactic therapy *** assessment of HBVr traditionally considers factors such as HBV profile,including hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)and antibody to hepatitis B core antigen,along with type of medication(chemotherapy;immunomodulants).Nevertheless,consideration of possible patient’s underlying tumor and the specific malignancy type(solid or hematologic)plays a crucial role and needs to be assessed for decision-making process.

关键词： Chronic hepatitis B Reactivation Nucleoside analogue Tyrosine kinase inhibitors Onco-hematology

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Brain dysfunctions and neurotoxicity induced by psychostimulants in experimental models and humans:an overview of recent findings

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第9期19卷 1908-1918页

作者： Marcello Serra nicola Simola Alexia E.Pollack Giulia Costa Department of Biomedical Sciences Section of NeuroscienceUniversity of CagliariCagliariItaly Department of Biology University of Massachusetts-BostonBostonMAUSA

Preclinical and clinical studies indicate that psychostimulants,in addition to having abuse potential,may elicit brain dysfunctions and/or neurotoxic *** toxicity induced by psychostimulants may pose serious health risks since the recreational use of these substances is on the rise among young people and *** present review provides an overview of recent research,conducted between 2018 and 2023,focusing on brain dysfunctions and neurotoxic effects elicited in experimental models and humans by amphetamine,cocaine,methamphetamine,3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine,methylphenidate,caffeine,and *** elucidation of factors and mechanisms that underlie psychostimulant-induced brain dysfunction and neurotoxicity is crucial for understanding the acute and enduring noxious brain effects that may occur in individuals who use psychostimulants for recreational and/or therapeutic purposes.

关键词： 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine amphetamine caffeine cell cultures cocaine methamphetamine methylphenidate neurotoxicity nicotine

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Increased number of symptoms during the acute phase of SARS-CoV-2 infection in athletes is associated with prolonged time to return to full sports performance—AWAREⅧ

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第3期13卷 280-287,I0001页

作者： Carolette Snyders Marlise Dyer nicola Sewry Esme Jordaan Martin Schwellnus Sport Exercise Medicine and Lifestyle Institute(SEMLI)Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of PretoriaPretoria 0083South Africa Section Sports Medicine Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of PretoriaPretoria 0083South Africa IOC Research Centre of South Africa Pretoria 0083South Africa Biostatistics Unit South African Medical Research CouncilTygerberg 7505South Africa Statistics and Population Studies Department University of the Western CapeCape Town 7535South Africa

Purpose The aim of the study was to identify factors associated with prolonged time to return to full performance(RTFP)in athletes with recent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)*** Prospective cohort study with cross sectional analysis.A total of 84 athletes with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection assessed at a coronavirus disease 2019 recovery clinic gave a history of age,sex,type/level of sport,co-morbidities,pre-infection training hours,and 26 acute SARS-CoV-2 symptoms from 3 categories(“nose and throat”,“chest and neck”,and“whole body”/systemic).Data on days to RTFP were obtained by structured *** associated with RTFP were demographics,sport participation,history of co-morbidities,pre-infection training history,and acute symptoms(type,number).Outcomes were:(a)days to RTFP(median,interquartile range(IQR))in asymptomatic(n=7)and symptomatic athletes(n=77),and(b)hazard ratios(HRs;95%confidence interval)for symptomatic athletes with *** a factor(univariate,multiple models).HR0.05).Factors associated with prolonged RTFP(univariate models)were:females(HR=0.57;p=0.014),endurance athletes(HR=0.41;p<0.0001),co-morbidity number(HR=0.75;p=0.001),and respiratory disease history(HR=0.54;p=0.026).In symptomatic athletes,prolonged RTFP(multiple models)was significantly associated with increased“chest and neck”(HR=0.85;p=0.017)and“nose and throat”(HR=0.84;p=0.013)symptoms,but the association was more profound between prolonged RFTP and increased total number of“all symptoms”(HR=0.91;p=0.001)and“whole body”/systemic(HR=0.82;p=0.007)*** A larger number of total symptoms and specifically“whole body”/systemic symptoms during the acute phase of SARS-CoV-2 infection in athletes is associated with prolonged RTFP.

关键词： Athletes COVID-19 Performance Recovery Return to play

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Organic petrographic and mineralogical composition of the No. 6 coal seam of the Soutpansberg Coalfield, South Africa: Insights into paleovegetation and depositional environment

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International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 2024年第3期11卷 190-207页

作者： Sanki Biswas nicola J.Wagner Ofentse M.Moroeng DSI-NRF CIMERA/PPM Research Group Department of GeologyUniversity of JohannesburgJohannesburgSouth Africa

This study investigates the paleodepositional conditions of the No.6 Seam of the Madzaringwe Formation in Makhado and Voorburg south area of the Soutpansberg Coalfield(Limpopo Province,South Africa)utilizing organic petrography and inorganic geochemical *** coals are predominantly high-volatile bituminous B-A rank with high ash yields(avg.36.1 wt%),characterized by high-vitrinite(~41.5 vol%),moderate-to-high inertinite(9.8 vol%–33.7 vol%)and low liptinite(~2.3 vol%).The distribution of inertinite varies among different coal horizons(from bottom-lower to middle-upper),suggesting differential oxidation conditions and/or paleofire ***-to-inertinite(V/I)ratio,tissue preservation–gelification index(TPI–GI),and groundwater–vegetation index(GWI–VI)plots,indicate that the peat-forming forest-swamp vegetation accumulated under mesotrophic-to-rheotrophic hydrological *** presence of structured macerals(i.e.,telinite,collotelinite,fusinite,and semifusinite)suggests well-preserved plant tissues,whereas framboidal pyrite and sulphur content(0.24 wt%–2.16 wt%)point to brackish-water influence at the peat *** coals contain quartz,kaolinite,siderite,muscovite,dolomite,calcite,and pyrite minerals,most of which were likely sourced from felsic igneous *** Al/(Al+Fe+Mn)and(Fe+Mn)/Ti ratios for the studied samples range between 0.24–0.97 and 0.57–70.10,*** ratios,Al–Fe–Mn plot,and presence of massive botryoidal-type pyrite imply some influence of meteoric waters or fluids from hydrothermal activity ***,the chemical index of alteration(CIA:98.25–99.67),chemical index of weathering(CIW:92.04–97.66),and A–CN–K ternary diagram suggest inorganic matter suffered strong chemical weathering,indicating warm paleoclimatic conditions during the coal formation.

关键词： Macerals Coal facies Geochemical-indices Hydrothermal Madzaringwe formation Soutpansberg Coalfield

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