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Newt life after fish introduction： extirpation of paedomorphosis in a mountain fish lake and newt use of satellite pools

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Current Zoology 2016年第1期62卷 61-69页

作者： Mathieu dENOEL Patrick SCIME nicola ZAMBELLI Laboratory of Fish and Amphibian Ethology Behavioural Biology Unit Department of Biology Ecology andEvolution University of Liege 22 Quai van Beneden 4020 Liege Belgium Via Maestra 3 6930 BedanoSwitzerland Museo Cantonale di Storia Naturale V. C. Cattaneo 4 6901 Lugano Switzerland

Fish introduction is one of the main causes of amphibian decline worldwide. It affects particularly rare aquatic phenotypes such as paedomorphs, which retain gills during the adult stage. In this context, we determined whether small wetlands, such as pools surrounding fished and fishless lakes, could sustain paedomorphic and metamorphic newts. To this end, we surveyed lakes known historically to sustain Alpine newts Ichthyosaura alpestris as well as 35 nearby pools. On the basis of the published records, the only known population exhibiting paedomorphosis in the Swiss AIps was found to be extirpated by salmonid introductions. However, the metamorphs persisted in per- ipheral pools, paedomorphosis was discovered at a new locality, and overwintering larvae were still present in one of the lakes. These results show the importance of conserving varied aquatic habitats such as pools in mountainous environments where the main resources can become un- suitable for amphibians because of fish introductions. Pools may also function as reservoirs in maintaining newt populations until programs to remove fish from lakes can be carried out. It is not known if paedomorphs could reappear after fish removal. However, the combined resilience of am- phibians after fish removal and the genetic basis for paedomorphosis highlighted in other taxa by previous studies suggest that there is the potential to maintain this intraspecific case of diversity even after its disappearance.

关键词： alps amphibian decline fish introduction mountain lake Alpine newt paedomorphosis pool wetland.

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Projectability disentanglement for accurate and automated electronic-structure Hamiltonians

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npj Computational Materials 2023年第1期9卷 215-228页

作者： Junfeng Qiao Giovanni Pizzi nicola Marzari Theory and Simulations of Materials(THEOS) and National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials(MARVEL)École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne1015 LausanneSwitzerland Laboratory for Materials Simulations(LMS) Paul Scherrer Institut(PSI)CH-5232 Villigen PSISwitzerland

Maximally-localized Wannier functions(MLWFs)are broadly used to characterize the electronic structure of ***,one can construct MLWFs describing isolated bands(*** bands of insulators)or entangled bands(*** and conduction bands of insulators,or metals).Obtaining accurate and compact MLWFs often requires chemical intuition and trial and error,a challenging step even for experienced researchers and a roadblock for high-throughput ***,we present an automated approach,projectability-disentangled Wannier functions(PdWFs),that constructs MLWFs spanning the occupied bands and their complement for the empty states,providing a tight-binding picture of optimized atomic orbitals in *** to the algorithm is a projectability measure for each Bloch state onto atomic orbitals,determining if that state should be kept identically,discarded,or mixed into the *** showcase the accuracy on a test set of 200 materials,and the reliability by constructing 21,737 Wannier Hamiltonians.

关键词： bands Hamiltonian electronic

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The potential for an old-growth forest to store carbon in the topsoil:A case study at Sasso Fratino,Italy

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Journal of Forestry Research 2024年第2期35卷 23-32页

作者： Tommaso Chiti nicola Benilli Giovanni Mastrolonardo Giacomo Certini dipartimento per la Innovazione nei Sistemi Biologici Agroalimentari e Forestali(DIBAF)Universitàdella TusciaVia San C.de Lellis Snc01100 ViterboItaly dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agrarie AlimentariAmbientali e Forestali(DAGRI)Universitàdegli Studi di FirenzeP.le delle Cascine 1850144 FirenzeItaly

There is considerable interest devoted to oldgrowth forests and their capacity to store carbon(C)in biomass and *** of C stocks in old-growth forests are carried out worldwide,although there is a lack of information on their actual potential for C *** further understand this,soil organic carbon(SOC)was measured in one of Italy's best-preserved old-growth forests,the Sasso Fratino Integral Nature *** reserve is on the World Heritage List along with other ancient beech forests of Europe,and it is virtually untouched due to the steepness of the terrain,even before legal constraints were *** the sandstone-derived soils are often shallow,they are rich in organic ***,no quantification had been carried *** systematically sampling the topsoil across the forest,we accurately determined the average amount of SOC(62.0±16.9 Mg ha^(–1))and nitrogen(4.0±1.2 Mg ha^(–1))in the top 20 *** the CENTURY model,future dynamics of SOC stocks were predicted to 2050 according to two climate scenarios,A1F1 and B2,the first of high concern and the second more *** model projected an increase of 0.2 and 0.3 Mg ha^(–1)a^(–1)by 2030 under the A1F1 and B2 scenarios,respectively,suggesting that the topsoil in old-growth forests does not reach equilibrium but continues accumulating ***,from 2030 to 2050,a decline in SOC accumulation is predicted,indicating SOC net loss at high altitudes under the worst-case *** study confirms that soils in oldgrowth forests play a significant role in carbon *** also suggests that climate change may affect the potential of these forests to store SOC not only in the long term but also in the coming years.

关键词： Carbon sequestration CENTURY model Climate change Forest soil Soil nitrogen

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A Complex Systems Science Perspective on Wireless Networks

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Journal of Systems Science & Complexity 2016年第4期29卷 1034-1056页

作者： MACALUSO Irene GALIOTTO Carlo MARCHETTI nicola dOYLE Linda CTVR Telecommunications Research Center Trinity College Dublin

The paper targets a future world where all wireless networks are self-organising entities and in which the predominant mode of spectrum access is dynamic. The paper explores whether the behaviour of a collection of autonomous self-organising wireless systems can be treated as a complex system and whether complex systems science can shed light on the design and deployment of these networks. The authors focus on networks that self-organise from a frequency perspective to understand the behaviour of a collection of wireless self-organising nodes. Each autonomous network is modelled as a cell in a lattice and follows a simple set of self-organisation rules. Two scenarios are considered, one in which each cell is based on cellular automata and which provides an abstracted view of interference and a second in which each cell uses a self-organising technique which more accurately accounts for interference. The authors use excess entropy to measure complexity and in combination with entropy gain an understanding of the structure emerging in the lattice for the self-organising networks. The authors show that the self-organising systems presented here do exhibit complex behaviour. Finally,the authors look at the robustness of these complex systems and show that they are robust against changes in the environment.

关键词： dynamic spectrum access excess entropy robustness self organising wireless networks.

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The effect of pyrazine odor on avoidance learning and memory in wild robins Erithacus rubecula

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Current Zoology 2011年第2期57卷 208-214页

作者： Emma C. SIddALL nicola M. MARPLES School of Natural Sciences Trinity College Dublin Dublin 2 Ireland

Toxic insects advertise their defended state to potential predators using warning displays. Frequently these displays use cues through more than one sensory modality, and combine color, smell and sound to produce a multimodal warning display. Signalling through more than one sensory pathway may enhance the rate of avoidance learning, and the memorability of the learned avoidance. A common insect warning odor, pyrazine, has previously been shown to increase the rate of learned avoidance of unpalatable yellow prey by domestic chicks （GaUus gallus domesticus）, and the odor also improved memory of this learned avoidance. However, to date no research has examined this response to pyrazine odor using wild birds under natural conditions. This study used wild robins （Erithacus rubecula） to investigate whether wild birds avoided yellow baits that smelled of pyrazine more strongly than those presented with no odor. The results provide some evidence that pyrazine odor does increase the level of protection an aposematic insect gains from a wild avian predator, but that the effect of pyrazine on learned avoidance was much weaker than was found with domestic chicks .

关键词： Aposematism Learned avoidance Memory Multimodal warning display Pyrazine Robins

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Hear no evil： The effect of auditory warning signals on avian innate avoidance, learned avoidance and memory

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Current Zoology 2011年第2期57卷 197-207页

作者： Emma C. SIddALL nicola M. MARPLES School of Natural Sciences Trinity College Dublin Dublin 2 Ireland

Many aposematic insect species advertise their toxicity to potential predators using olfactory and auditory signals, in addition to visual signals, to produce a multimodal warning display. The olfactory signals in these displays may have interesting effects, such as eliciting innate avoidance against novel colored prey, or improving learning and memory of defended prey. However, little is known about the effects of such ancillary signals when they are auditory rather than olfactory. The few studies that have investigated this question have provided conflicting results. The current study sought to clarify and extend understanding of the effects of prey auditory signals on avian predator responses. The domestic chick Gallus gallus domesticus was used as a model avian predator to examine how the defensive buzzing sound of a bumblebee Bombus terrestris affected the chick＇s innate avoidance behavior, and the learning and memory of prey avoidance. The results demonstrate that the buzzing sound had no effect on the predator＇s responses to unpalatable aposematically colored crumbs, suggesting that the agitated buzzing of B. terrestris may provide no additional protection from avian predators .

关键词： Aposematism Auditory signals dietary conservatism Avoidance learning Memorability Multimodal signaling

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Biomarkers for targeted rehabilitation strategies after breast cancer: Proposal for the next-generation management of survivorship issues

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BIOCELL 2022年第10期46卷 2221-2223页

作者： MARCO INVERNIZZI nicola FUSCO Translational Medicine Dipartimento AttivitàIntegrate Ricerca e Innovazione(DAIRI)Azienda Ospedaliera SS.Antonio e Biagio e Cesare ArrigoAlessandria15121Italy Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine Department of Health SciencesUniversity of Eastern PiedmontNovara28100Italy division of Pathology IEOEuropean Institute of Oncology IRCCSMilan20141Italy department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology University of MilanMilan20122Italy

Breast cancer(BC)is the most common malignant tumor and one of the top causes of cancer-related death worldwide(Sung et al.,2021).The recent advances in early tumor diagnosis coupled with more effective treatment strategies resulted in a steady increase of long-term survivors(Nardin et al.,2020;Invernizzi et al.,2022).These improved survival rates led to a significantly higher incidence of disabling complications related to breast cancer and/or its treatment(Invernizzi et al.,2020a;d’Egidio et al.,2017;Zhong et al.,2020).

关键词： Breast cancer Biomarkers Survivorship Rehabilitation Precision medicine

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The Importance of Evidence for the Integration of Traditional and Complementary Medicine into Western Healthcare?

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World Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2016年第1期2卷 74-79页

作者： nicola Robinson Allied Health Sciences School of Health & Social Care London South Bank University

Policy makers should consider improving access to treatments normally considered outside of healthcare in the west, particularly given the recent WHO strategy. However, research on integrating traditional and complementary medicines(T&CM) into conventional health care is lacking. T& CM approaches, may provide a cost effective option given the increase in chronic diseases with evidence of effectiveness of T& CM being key if such approaches are to be offered as part of integrative patient care, in most countries, an integrated healthcare approach is unavailable to patients. Evidence based clinical guidelines on T& CM should influence care provision. However evidence that is available may not even be cited. Poor use of evidence may possibly be a reflection of lack of knowledge and/or biases of guideline developers but additionally stakeholders vary in their perceived need for evidence to implement health policy change. Journal editors should focus on publishing high quality manuscripts, with clear rationales, design and reporting frameworks. Researchers should consider carrying out careful feasibility studies prior to conducting trials taking into account the UK Medical Research Council's framework on complex interventions. Examples of feasibility studies highlighting their importance for trial design are given in this paper. If preparation for more definitive studies is conducted this will in turn improve the quality of research being designed, executed and published and subsequently encourage the inclusion of evidence by guideline developers. Robust evidence is necessary in order to inform governments' health policies providing appropriate T&CM interventions which can ultimately help to provide best patient care.

关键词： Integrated medicine traditional and complementary medicine clinical guidelines evidence based medicine delphi Technique acupuncture

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Galaxy Spectra Neural Networks(GaSNets). I. Searching for Strong Lens Candidates in eBOSS Spectra Using deep Learning

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2022年第6期22卷 142-169页

作者： Fucheng Zhong Rui Li nicola R.Napolitano School of Physics and Astronomy Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai CampusZhuhai 519082China CSST Science Center for Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Great Bay Area Zhuhai 519082China School of Astronomy and Space Science University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

With the advent of new spectroscopic surveys from ground and space,observing up to hundreds of millions of galaxies,spectra classification will become overwhelming for standard analysis *** prepare for this challenge,we introduce a family of deep learning tools to classify features in one-dimensional *** the first application of these Galaxy Spectra neural Networks(Ga SNets),we focus on tools specialized in identifying emission lines from strongly lensed star-forming galaxies in the e BOSS *** first discuss the training and testing of these networks and define a threshold probability,PL,of 95%for the high-quality event ***,using a previous set of spectroscopically selected strong lenses from e BOSS,confirmed with the Hubble Space Telescope(HST),we estimate a completeness of~80%as the fraction of lenses recovered above the adopted *** finally apply the Ga SNets to~1.3M eBOSS spectra to collect the first list of~430 new high-quality candidates identified with deep learning from spectroscopy and visually graded as highly probable real events.A preliminary check against ground-based observations tentatively shows that this sample has a confirmation rate of 38%,in line with previous samples selected with standard(no deep learning)classification tools and confirmed by the *** first test shows that machine learning can be efficiently extended to feature recognition in the wavelength space,which will be crucial for future surveys like 4MOST,dESI,Euclid,and the China Space Station Telescope.

关键词： gravitational lensing strong-surveys-techniques spectroscopic

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Risk of hepatitis B virus reactivation in oncological patients treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors:A case report and literature analysis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第9期30卷 1253-1256页

作者： Francesca Colapietro nicola Pugliese Antonio Voza Alessio Aghemo Stella de nicola department of Biomedical Sciences Humanitas UniversityMilan 20072Italy division of Internal Medicine and Hepatology Department of GastroenterologyHumanitas Research HospitalMilan 20089Italy department of Emergency Humanitas Research HospitalMilan 20089Italy

Hepatitis B virus(HBV)reactivation(HBVr)represents a severe and potentially life-threatening condition,and preventive measures are available through blood test screening or prophylactic therapy *** assessment of HBVr traditionally considers factors such as HBV profile,including hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)and antibody to hepatitis B core antigen,along with type of medication(chemotherapy;immunomodulants).Nevertheless,consideration of possible patient’s underlying tumor and the specific malignancy type(solid or hematologic)plays a crucial role and needs to be assessed for decision-making process.

关键词： Chronic hepatitis B Reactivation Nucleoside analogue Tyrosine kinase inhibitors Onco-hematology

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