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Contrasting levels of genotype by environment interaction for life history and morphological traits in invasive populations of Zaprionus indianus(Diptera:Drosophilidae)

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Insect Science 2020年第5期27卷 1090-1100页

作者： nicolas j.Lavagnino Marcos Imberti Victoria E.Ortizj nicolas Flaibani juan jose Fanara Laboratorio de Evolucion Departamento de EcologiaGenetica y EvolucidnFacultad de Ciencias Exactas y NaturalesUniversidad de Buenos AiresArgentina IEGEBA-CONICET Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y NaturalesUniversidad de Buenos AiresArgentina

It has been demonstrated that phenotypic plasticity and genotype by envi-ronment interaction are important for coping with new and heterogeneous environments during *** indianus Gupta(Diptera:Drosophilidae)is an Afrotropical invasive fly species introduced to the South American continent in *** species is generalist and polyphagous,since it develops and feeds in several different fruit *** characteristics of *** suggest that phenotypic plasticity and genotype by environment interaction may be important in this species invasion *** this sense,our aim was to investigate the role of genetic variation for phenotypic plasticity(geno-type by environment interaction)in *** invasion of the South American ***,we quantified quantitative genetic variation and genotype by environment in-teractions of morphological and life history traits in different developmental environments,that is,host *** was done in different populations in the invasive range of ***-anus in *** showed that *** populations have considerable amounts of quantitative genetic ***,genotype by environment interactions was detected for the different traits analyzed in response to the different developmental ***,the amounts and patterns of these parameters differed between *** interpreled these results as the existence of diferences in evolutionary potential be-tween populations that have an important role in the short-and long-term success of the *** invasion process.

关键词： biological invasion genotype by env ironment interaction invaded range life history traits morphological traits Zaprionus indianus

Cereal Cyst Nematode - Biology and Control

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Cereal Cyst Nematode - Biology and Control

作者： j nicol R Rivoal

＜正＞ Introduction Heterodera spp. are root sedentary nematode forming white females which give brown cysts. Generally one generation per cropping season.? Belong to ‘avenae’ group with 12 valid species attacking graminaceae. Damage stressed crops. H. avenae, H. latipons and H. filipjevi are most economically important on ***

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Resection of complex pancreatic injuries: Benchmarking postoperative complications using the Accordion classification

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World journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2017年第3期9卷 82-91页

作者： jake E Krige Eduard jonas Sandie R Thomson Urda K Kotze Mashiko Setshedi Pradeep H Navsaria Andrew j nicol Surgical Gastroenterology Unit Department of Surgery University of Cape Town Health Sciences Faculty Observatory Groote Schuur Hospital Observatory Department of Medicine University of Cape Town Health Sciences Faculty Department of Surgery Trauma Centre University of Cape Town Health Sciences Faculty Observatory

AIM To benchmark severity of complications using the Accordion Severity Grading System(ASGS) in patients undergoing operation for severe pancreatic injuries. METHODS A prospective institutional database of 461 patients with pancreatic injuries treated from 1990 to 2015 was reviewed. One hundred and thirty patients with AAST grade 3, 4 or 5 pancreatic injuries underwent resection(pancreatoduodenectomy, n = 20, distal pancreatectomy, n = 110), including 30 who had an initial damage controllaparotomy(DCL) and later definitive surgery. AAST injury grades, type of pancreatic resection, need for DCL and incidence and ASGS severity of complications were assessed. Uni-and multivariate logistic regression analysis was applied. RESULTS Overall 238 complications occurred in 95(73%) patients of which 73% were ASGS grades 3-6. Nineteen patients(14.6%) died. Patients more likely to have complications after pancreatic resection were older, had a revised trauma score(RTS) juries of the head and neck of the pancreas with associated vascular and duodenal injuries, required a DCL, received a larger blood transfusion, had a pancreatoduodenectomy(PD) and repeat laparotomies. Applying univariate logistic regression analysis, mechanism of injury, RTS < 7.8, shock on admission, DCL, increasing AAST grade and type of pancreatic resection were significant variables for complications. Multivariate logistic regression analysis however showed that only age and type of pancreatic resection(PD) were significant. CONCLUSION This ASGS-based study benchmarked postoperative morbidity after pancreatic resection for trauma. The detailed outcome analysis provided may serve as a reference for future institutional comparisons.

关键词： Pancreas Injury Complications Accordion classification

Eyespot-Pseudocercosporella

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Eyespot-Pseudocercosporella

作者： j.nicol B.Tunali

＜正＞ Taxonomy and hosts?The fungus Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides （syn. Cerecosporella herpotrichoides） is the cause of Strawbreaker Foot Rot or Eyespot. Cercosporella Foot Rot belongs to the family Deuteromycotina.?Has a wide host range on most cereals including wheat, barley, oats, rye as well as many wild and cultivated grasses. Several Dicotyledons are also reported to be *** and plant symptoms?Eyespot can be seen on the lower stems of wheat with the damage appearing as oval pale coloured lesions.

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Root Lesion Nematodes - Biology and Control

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Root Lesion Nematodes - Biology and Control

作者： I.T.Riley j.nicol

＜正＞ Introduction·Pratylenchus *** migratory endoparasites.·Wide host range-polyphagous.·Short generation time.·Damage stressed crops.·Management ***·Small（300-800 μm）,relatively robust,slightly offset lips and flatten head,short,thick stylet,median bulb with obvious bulb,oesophagus ventrally overlapping the intestine,single ovary,posterior vulva, tall *** to pointed.

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Parallel pathways:A chronicle of evolution in rectal and breast cancer surgery

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World journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2024年第4期16卷 1091-1096页

作者： Antonio Pesce nicolòFabbri Diletta Iovino Carlo Vittorio Feo Unit of General Surgery University of FerraraAzienda USL of FerraraFerrara 44023LagosantoItaly

In this editorial,we have analyzed the historical evolution of rectal and breast cancer surgery,focusing on the progressive reduction of demolitive approaches and the increasing use of more conservative strategies,accompanied by a growing emphasis on perioperative treatments aimed at enhancing surgical *** of these changes have been made possible due to an increased awareness and understanding of oncological diseases and improved perioperative treatments.

关键词： Rectal cancer History Breast surgery Demolitive treatment Conservative surgery

The relationship between morphology and flight in Drosophila:a study of two pairs of sibling species from a natural population

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Insect Science 2024年第3期31卷 885-900页

作者： nicolás Flaibani Victoría Estefania Ortiz juan joséFanara Valeria Paula Carreira Laboratorio de Evolucion Departamento de EcologiaGenética y Evolucion(DEGE)Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales(FCEN)Universidad de Buenos Aires(UBA)Instituto de GenéticaEcologia y Evolucion de Buenos Aires(IEGEBA)Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificasy Tecnicas(CONICET)-UBABuenos AiresArgentina

Insect flight is a complex trait involved in different behaviors,from the search for sexual partners,food,or breeding *** studies have postulated the adaptive advantages of certain morphological traits in relation to increased flight capacity,such as low values of wing loading or high values of wing:thorax ratio and wing-aspect ***,few studies have evaluated the relationship between variables related to flight and morphological traits in *** work aimed to study morphological traits in males and females of two pairs of sibling species:Drosophila buzzati Patterson and Wheeler-Drosophila koeferae Fontdevila and Wasserman,and Drosophila melanogaster Meigen-Drosophila simulans Sturtevant,and to analyze its relationship with *** detected the highest proportion of flight time in *** and *** compared to *** and ***,*** results also revealed sexual dimorphism,with males exhibiting a higher proportion of flight time than ***,we did not find a general pattern to explain the relationship between morphology and the proportion of flight time because associations varied depending upon the analyses(considering all groups together or each sex-species combination separately).Moreover,these associations explained a low percentage of variation,suggesting that other nonmorphological components related to flight,such as physiological variables,should be taken into *** work allowed us to show the variability and complexity of an aspect of flight,suggesting that the adaptive role of the morphological traits studied might have been overestimated.

关键词： morphological traits time in flight wing loading wing:thorax ratio wingaspect ratio wing second moment of area

Resection and reconstruction in high-grade pancreatic head injuries

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World journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2024年第5期16卷 1467-1469页

作者： jake Krige Eduard jonas Andrew john nicol Pradeep Harkson Navsaria HPB Surgery University of Cape Town Health Sciences FacultyCape Town 7925Western CapeSouth Africa Trauma Center Department of SurgeryGroote Schuur HospitalCape Town 7925Western CapeSouth Africa Department of Surgery Trauma CenterGroote Schuur HospCape Town 7925Western CapeSouth Africa

This study by Chui et al adds further important evidence in the treatment of highgrade pancreatic injuries and endorses the concept of the model of pancreatic trauma care designed to optimize treatment,minimize morbidity and enhance survival in patients with complex pancreatic *** the authors have demonstrated favorable outcomes based on their limited experience of 5 patients who underwent a pancreaticoduodenectomy(PD),including 2 patients who were“unstable”and did not have damage control surgery(DCS),we would caution against the general recommendations promoting index PD without DCS in“unstable”grade 5 pancreatic head injuries.

关键词： Pancreas Injury Surgery Pancreaticoduodenectomy

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细菌的生长

当代畜禽养殖业 2006年第Z1期 97-102页

作者： D.j.nicol

什么是细菌?细菌是一种微小的生命,通常呈棒状或球形,并不是都有害,随处可见。细菌存在于哪里?肉中通常存在细菌,当皮肤上有干的排泄物或脏东西粘附时,就经由动物的皮肤进入动物体内。细菌是如何生长的?如果有养料和水,并且温度适宜,细... 详细信息

什么是细菌?细菌是一种微小的生命,通常呈棒状或球形,并不是都有害,随处可见。细菌存在于哪里?肉中通常存在细菌,当皮肤上有干的排泄物或脏东西粘附时,就经由动物的皮肤进入动物体内。细菌是如何生长的?如果有养料和水,并且温度适宜,细菌就能生长。每个细胞从中间分裂成2个细胞,2个细胞分裂成4个细胞,4个分裂成8个,以此类推。几小时后便可达到惊人的数量。细菌的作用是什么?细菌会使肉产生黏液,散发气味,口感变酸,或者产生毒素。细菌的作用取决于细菌的类型。如何发现细菌?碾碎肉样、稀释悬浊液、置于琼脂板上。

关键词：二氧化碳含量细菌数量假单胞菌细菌生长生长速度食物中毒包装袋沙门氏菌温度病原体