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Investigation of the Quality of Antibiotics-Based Amoxicillin for Monitoring of Some Different medicine Markets of Democratic Republic of Congo

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American Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2018年第8期9卷 366-385页

作者： nicodème kalenda tshilombo Patient Ciza Hamuli Jérémie K. Mbinze Védaste Habyalimana Dibungi T. kalenda Don Jethro Mavungu Pierrot Mwamba Philippe Hubert Roland Djang’eing’a Marini Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry CIRM Department of Pharmacy Liege University Liège Belgium Laboratory of Chromatography Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Kinshasa Kinshasa Democratic Republic of Congo Laboratory of Drug Analysis Department of Galenic Pharmacy University of Kinshasa Kinshasa Democratic Republic of Congo medical Procurement and Production Division Rwanda Biomedical Center Kigali Rwanda Laboratory of Pharmacognosy CIRM Department of Pharmacy Liege University Liège Belgium Ecole Régionale Postuniversitaire d’Aménagement et de Gestion Intégrée des Forêts et Territoires Tropicaux University of Kinshasa Kinshasa Democratic Republic of Congo Department of Pharmacy Galenic University of Lubumbashi Lubumbashi Democratic Republic of Congo

In order to combat the counterfeiting of drugs, adapted HPLC analytical USP methods were applied to evaluate the quality of the amoxicillin (with or without potassium clavulanate) powder for suspension sold in some Congolese markets. The adaptation has been done by modifying the column dimensions and adjusting the flow rate. According to the intended deployment of these methods in Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), 3 factors (analyst, day and equipment) were involved in the validation step while applying the classic total error measurement approach with an accuracy profile as decision tool. Since adequate results were obtained in terms of selectivity, precision, trueness and accuracy (tolerance limits of life expectancy: ?6.0% and 3.8%) for levels of interest concentration, the methods have been considered for routine use on several samples from different provenances and collected in 4 major DRC cities. Out of 278 samples collected, 200 were eligible for analysis from which 28% were found under standards with several figures: pH failure, out of specification for amoxicillin content, absence of potassium clavulanate, physical modifications of the powders. As evidenced by these findings, medicines of low-quality continue to be a major public health problem requiring appropriate action to effectively address this problem.

关键词： Poor Quality medicines Amoxicillin LC method Validation Survey Study

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Analytical Tools and Strategic Approach to Detect Poor Quality medicines, Identify Unknown Components, and Timely Alerts for Appropriate measures: Case Study of Antimalarial medicines

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American Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2015年第13期6卷 977-994页

作者： Vé daste Habyalimana Jé ré mie Kindenge Mbinze nicodè me kalenda tshilombo Amandine Dispas Achille Yemoa Loconon Pierre-Yves Sacré Joë lle Widart Pascal De Tullio Sté phane Counerotte Justin-Lé onard Kadima Ntokamunda Eric Ziemons Philippe Hubert Roland Marini Djang&rsquo eing&rsquo a Department of Pharmacy CIRM Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry Quartier H&ocirc pital University of Liege (ULg) Liège Belgium Rwanda Biomedical Center/medical Procurement and Production Division Butare Rwanda Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques Université de Kinshasa Kinshasa XI République Démocratique du Congo Ecole de Pharmacie Faculté des Sciences de la Santé Université d’Abomey Calavi Cotonou Bénin Department of Pharmacy CIRM Quartier H&ocirc pital University of Liege (ULg) Liège Belgium Department of Pharmacy CIRM Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry Quartier H&ocirc pital University of Liege (ULg) Liège Belgium School of medicine and Pharmacy University of Rwanda Butare Rwanda

Nowadays, the circulation of poor quality medicines is becoming an alarming worldwide phenomenon with serious public health and socio-economic concerns. The situation is particularly critical in developing countries where drug quality assurance and regulatory systems for drug manufacturing, importation, distribution and sales are weak. A sustained vigilance on poor quality medicines that regroup counterfeit/falsified, substandard and degraded medicines is therefore required to ensure patient safety and genuine medicines integrity. A case situation is illustrated including a strategic approach and analytical tools that were found useful to detect poor quality medicines, identify unknown components, and timely alerts for appropriate measures against the spread of those harmful products. Several suspected medicines randomly sampled in several strategic Rwandan areas were firstly check-controlled by means of visual inspection and then applying several analytical techniques from simple to more complex ones. The following medicines were studied: quinine sulfate tablets, artemisinin-based combination tablets, and artesunate powders for injection. Taking into account the pharmaceutical forms and the chemical characteristics, the following tests were applied: uniformity of mass, friability, disintegration, fluorescence, identification and assay. They were followed by more complex analytical techniques that allowed more comprehension of abnormal findings among which the presence of a wrong active pharmaceutical ingredient in quinine sulfate tablets which is mainly discussed in this paper to illustrate a strategic approach and various analytical tools that can be used in detecting and identifying unknown component in poor quality medicines.

关键词： Poor Quality medicines Antimalarial medicines Visual Inspection Simple and Complex Analytical Tools

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Fighting Poor Quality medicines: Development, Transfer and Validation of Generic HPLC methods for Analyzing Two WHO Recommended Antimalarial Tablets

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American Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2015年第2期6卷 127-144页

作者： Jérémie Kindenge Mbinze Achille Yemoa Pierre Lebrun Pierre-Yves Sacré Védaste Habyalimana nicodème kalenda André Bigot Eugène Atindehou Philippe Hubert Roland Djang’eing’a Marini University of Liege (ULg) Department of Pharmacy CIRM Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry Li&egrave ge Belgium Laboratoire d’Analyse des Mé dicaments D&eacute partement de Galé nique et d’Analyse des Mé dicaments Universit&eacute de Kinshasa Kinshasa XI Democratic Republic of Congo UFR Pharmacie Facult&eacute des Sciences de Santé Universit&eacute d’Abomey Calavi Cotonou B&eacute nin Rwanda Biomedical Center Medical Procurement and Production Division Butare Rwanda Université Fé lix Houphouet Boigny Abidjan C&ocirc te d’Ivoire

As serious but neglected public health problems, poor quality medicines, i.e. for antimalarial medicines, urged to be fought. One of the approaches is to consider the analytical chemistry and separative techniques. In this study, a generic liquid chromatographic method was firstly developed for the purpose of screening 8 antimalarial active ingredients, namely amodiaquine (AQ), piperaquine (PPQ), sulfalene (SL), pyrimethamine (PM), lumefantrine (LF), artesunate (AS), artemether (AM) and dihydroartemisinine (DHA) by applying DoE/DS optimization strategy. Since the method was not totally satisfying in terms of peak separation, further experiments were undergone applying the same development strategy while splitting the 8 ingredients into five groups. Excellent prediction was observed prior to correlation between retention times of predicted and observed separation conditions. Then, a successful geometric transfer was realized to reduce the analysis time focusing on the simultaneous quantification of two WHO’s recommended ACTs in anti-malarial fixed-dose combination (AM-LF and AS-AQ) in tablets. The optimal separation was achieved using an isocratic elution of methanol-ammonium formate buffer (pH 2.8;10 mM) (82.5:17.5, v/v) at 0.6 ml/min through a C18 column (100 mm × 3.5 mm, 3.5 μm) thermostated at 25℃. After a successful validation stage based on the total error approach, the method was applied to determine the content of AM/LF or AS/AQ in seven brands of antimalarial tablets currently marketed in West, Central and East Africa. Satisfying results were obtained compared to the claimed contents.

关键词： Antimalarial ACT Simultaneous Determination Poor Quality Substances Design of Experiments Design Space method Transfer Accuracy Profile

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Investigating Non-Compliance with COVID-19 Vaccination through Hesitancy, Refusal, and Access Limitation: A Community-Based Survey from the Democratic Republic of the Congo

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Journal of Biosciences and medicines 2024年第9期12卷 280-306页

作者： Nestor Kalala-Tshituka Alain Cimuanga-Mukanya Alain Yamba Mukendi Faustin Ndjibu Mpoji Ghislain Disashi-Tumba Joris Losimba Likwela Nadine Kayiba kalenda Evariste Tshibangu-Kabamba Department of Public Health Faculty of Medicine Pharmacy and Public Health University of Mbujimayi Mbuji-Mayi Democratic Republic of the Congo Department of Public Health Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy University of Kisangani Kisangani Democratic Republic of the Congo Department of Internal medicine Faculty of Medicine Pharmacy and Public Health University of Mbujimayi Mbuji-Mayi Democratic Republic of the Congo Department of Environmental and Preventive medicine Faculty of Medicine Oita University Oita Japan Research Institute of Health and Society Catholic University of Louvain Brussels Belgium

Introduction: Vaccination plays a pivotal role in mitigating the repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, vaccination campaigns encounter obstacles, especially in developing countries like the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). This study aimed at investigating the roles of vaccine hesitancy, refusal, and access barriers, while identifying individual-level factors associated with non-vaccination in Mbujimayi, DRC. methods: A community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted in three health districts and included 1496 residents. Attitudes and behaviors related to seeking COVID-19 vaccination were assessed using a standardized questionnaire. Hierarchical logistic regression modeling was used to assess factors potentially affecting non-compliance with vaccination. Results: Among participants (median age = 33, IQR = 23.3, M/F sex ratio = 0.7), 60% displayed misconceptions about COVID-19 or its vaccine, while only 35.2% perceived COVID-19 as a significant health threat. Vaccination coverage was estimated at 49.1% (95% CI: 47.5;52.6), with 71.8% of vaccinated individuals having received one dose. Among the unvaccinated individuals, 50.9% expressed no intention to be vaccinated in the future, citing hesitation (30.4%) or refusal (39.6%) mainly due to side effects or distrust of vaccines. Conversely, 32.7% of the unvaccinated persons expressed access barriers despite willingness to be vaccinated. Misconceptions about COVID-19 and its vaccines were the main drivers of vaccination non-compliance. Conclusion: These findings demonstrate significant vaccine non-compliance driven by hesitancy, refusal, and access barriers. Strategies to enhance vaccination coverage and pandemic preparedness should address misconceptions, sociodemographic barriers, and geographic disparities.

关键词： COVID-19 Vaccination Non-Observance Community Democratic Republic of the Congo

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Microscopic Characteristics, Chromatographic Profiles and Inhibition of Peroxidase Activity of the Leaves of Manihot esculentaand Manihot glaziovii, Consumed as Traditional Vegetables

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Journal of Biosciences and medicines 2021年第9期9卷 59-73页

作者： Paulin Mutwale Kapepula Patricia Mbombo Mungitshi Dieudonné Tshitenge Tshitenge Thierry Franck Dieudonné Mumba Ngoyi Pascal Dibungi T. kalenda Monique Tits Michel Frédérich Nadege Kabamba Ngombe Ange Mouithys-Mickalad Centre d’Etudes des Substances Naturelles d’Origine Végétale (CESNOV) Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Kinshasa Kinshasa Democratic Republic of the Congo Centre for Oxygen Research and Development (CORD) University of Liège Liège Belgium Faculty of medicine University of Kinshasa Kinshasa Democratic Republic of the Congo Laboratory of Pharmacognosy Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM) University of Liège Liège Belgium

methanolic extracts from the leaves of Manihot esculenta (Two cultivars) and Manihot glaziovii, consumed as traditional vegetables in DR. Congo was chemically characterized by Thin layer Chromatography and High Performance Liquid Chromatography. In vitro biochemical activities of extracts against Radical Oxidative Species (ROS) production were assessed in cellular models, on enzymes, Myeloperoxidase (MPO) and Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) involved in inflammation. The microscopic analysis of the powder of leaves showed that each species displays specific and discriminating botanical microscopic features. Varieties of M. esculenta had a chemical fingerprint different from M. glaziovii. The majority of compounds were polyphenols, represented mainly by rutin, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, amentoflavone, phenolic acids such as gallic acid. All extracts exhibited high cellular antioxidant activity in the range of 0.1 to 10 μg·mL-1 using lucigenin with neutrophils, but a moderate cellular antioxidant activity ranging between 10 and 100 μg·mL-1 with DCFDA on HL60 monocytes. Extracts from Manihot leaves showed a pronounced inhibitory effect on the production of extracellular ROS, on HRP and myeloperoxidase activity. Cellular antioxidant activities, the inhibitory effect on HRP of extracts from M. glaziovii, M. esculenta cultivar Mwambu were significantly higher, but their inhibitory effect on the activity of MPO was lower than those of M. esculenta cultivar TEM 419. The biological activities of Manihot esculenta and Manihot glaziovii were well correlated to their phytochemicals that could justify their traditional use as vegetables, potential functional foods or nutraceutical resources and medicines.

关键词： Horseradish Peroxidase Kahemba Konzo Manihot esculenta Manihot glaziovii Myeloperoxidase Traditional Vegetable

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Peroxidase Inhibition and Antioxidant Activity of Bulk-Marketed Black Tea (Camellia sinensisL.) from the Democratic Republic of the Congo

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Journal of Biosciences and medicines 2019年第9期7卷 66-80页

作者： Nadege Ngombe Kabamba Joyce Mbuyi Katalayi Jimmy Kabeya Kabengele Grace Nkakapen Djoumbissi Marie Joe Kabongo Kapinga Thé ophile Mbemba Fundu Dieudonné Tshitenge Tshitenge Pascal Dibungi T. kalenda Paulin Mutwale Kapepula Centre d’Etudes des Substances Naturelles d’Origine Vé gé tale (CESNOV) Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Kinshasa Kinshasa The Democratic Republic of the Congo Laboratoire d’Analyses et de Recherche en Alimentation et Nutrition (LARAN) Department of Biology Faculty of Sciences University of Kinshasa Kinshasa The Democratic Republic of the Congo

The widely known leaves of Camellia sinensis (L.) derive the most consumed beverage globally. All over the world, like in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DR Congo), they are marketed in the form of packaged and in bulk black tea. The aim of this study was to report the microscopic botanical features, the chromatographic fingerprints, the antioxidant activities, and the peroxidase inhibition of bulk-marketed black teas consumed in DR Congo. The microscopic analysis of powders from unpackaged black tea marketed in DR Congo allowed the identification of specific microscopical features, which are characteristic to C. sinensis (L.) such as numerous asterosclerites, numerous fragments of unicellular trichomes;fragments of abaxial epidermis consisting of cells with slightly wavy walls, numerous anomocytic stomata, and the detection of biological contaminants, e.g. the dust mites. TLC and HPLC analysis indicated that flavonoids (hyperoside, rutin) and phenolic acids (chlorogenic acid, gallic acid) were major phenolic compounds, along with other secondary metabolites. Aqueous extracts from all bulk-marketed black teas exhibited good antioxidant activities at the concentrations range of 1 - 20 μg·mL-1 using in vitro ABTS and DPPH assays. These extracts showed equally inhibitory effects on myeloperoxidase (MPO) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) activities at the concentration ranges of 1 - 20 μg·mL-1 and 20 - 100 μg·mL-1 respectively. Bulk-marketed black teas consumed in DR Congo possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties comparable to packaged Ceylon tea largely marketed. The observed bioactivities support the health benefits of the consumed black tea by Congolese people, despite the storage conditions to be improved in order to preserve its nutritional and therapeutic assets.

关键词： Antioxidant Activity Black Tea Camellia sinensis HRP L-012 Mites Myeloperoxidase

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Cellular Antioxidant Activity and Peroxidase Inhibition of Infusions from Different Aerial Parts of Cassia occidentalis

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Journal of Biosciences and medicines 2019年第4期7卷 83-94页

作者： Nadege Kabamba Ngombe Claude Ngolo Ngolo Didi Mana Kialengila Arvy Luzayana Wamba Patricia Mbombo Mungisthi Pascal Tshisekedi Tshibangu Pascal kalenda T. Dibungi Paul Tshilumbu Kantola Paulin Mutwale Kapepula Centre d’Etudes des Substances Naturelles d’Origine Végétale (CESNOV) Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Kinshasa Kinshasa Democratic Republic of Congo Laboratory of Drug Analysis Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Kinshasa Kinshasa Democratic Republic of Congo Laboratory of Experimental and Pharmaceutical Microbiology Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Kinshasa Kinshasa Democratic Republic of Congo

Cassia occidentalis L. is widely used in the world in traditional medicine and especially in some African countries for the treatment of various diseases. The aim of this study was to report the microscopic features, the chromatographic fingerprints and the cellular antioxidant activity and the peroxidase inhibition of infusions from different parts of this plant. Microscopically, leaf can be characterized by cells of the spongy mesophyll and parenchyma numerous cluster crystals of calcium oxalate, paracytic stomata, isolated calcium oxalate cluster crystals, covering and glandular trichomes, scalariform vessels, polyedric starch granules, lignified fibers;flowers by abundant covering and glandular trichomes, spirally thickened vessels and associated parenchyma, abundant pollen grains. Seeds were characterized by pluricellular non-glandular trichomes, epidermis of the testa with underlying oil cells, parenchymatous layers of the testa, thicker-walled cells of the endosperm, pollen grain. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of phenolic acids, flavonoids, iridoids, tannins and terpenes. TLC fingerprints of different parts were different and characteristic. They showed the presence of glycosylated flavonoids and phenolic acids as main phytochemicals for flowers, leaves and seedpods. ABTS and DPPH assays showed that infusion extracts have the ability to scavenge free radicals connected with their IC50 values ranging from 21.43 ± 1.25 to 566.24 ± 176.7 mg·mL-1. All extracts showed a weaker capacity to scavenge DPPH radical. Aqueous extracts displayed high cellular antioxidant activity at the concentrations range of 1 - 20 μg·mL-1 using LO-12 on monocytes HL 60. Flower and leave extracts showed more efficient effects on extracellular ROS production. Phenolic compounds could be major contributors to antioxidant activity of infusions of Cassia parts. In MPO (Myeloperoxidase) direct technique, all infusion extracts exhibited a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on MPO

关键词： Cassia occidentalis HRP Manalaria Monocytes HL 60 MPO Nutraceutical

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Wood Density Determination with the Perspective to Decarbonisation of Tropical Forest Species from the Luki Biosphere Reserve in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

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Green and Sustainable Chemistry 2023年第2期13卷 162-169页

作者： Topwe Milongwe Mwene-Mbeja Luboya Muisangie Jeannette Bukasa Kadima Katanku Kabongo Kanimba Junior Benjamin kalenda Kabengela N’senda Kamulumba Kayembe Gaby Liyandja Impofi Jean-Claude Lopema Ongala Dénis Mbuyi Mpoyi Alain Center for Research on Water Management and Environment (CREE) Kinshasa Democratic Republic of the Congo Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science University of Lubumbashi Lubumbashi Democratic Republic of the Congo Hydro-Quebec Institute for Environment Development and Society at Laval University Quebec Canada Research Centre for Applied Sciences and Technologies (CRSAT) Kinshasa Democratic Republic of the Congo Faculty of Letters and Human Sciences National Pedagogical University (UPN) Kinshasa Democratic Republic of the Congo

Specimens of the forest species such as Pentaclethra macrophylla, Petersianthus macrocarpus, Pycnanthus angolensis and Terminalia superba have been sampled from LUKI Biosphere reserve in the Democratic Republic of the Congo in order to determine their wood density with the perspective to decarbonisation. These parameters have been found out experimentally utilizing a drying technique in an oven including techniques of immersion in an Erlenmeyer full of water. The corresponding results indicated that the four species wood density is respectively 0.85, 0.80, 0.77 and 0.51. These preliminary results will be useful in our ongoing project on carbon dioxide absorption capacity of Congo rainforest tree species.

关键词： Carbon Dioxide Congo Rainforest Decarbonisation Wood Density

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