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The heterogeneity-diversity-system performance nexus

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National Science Review 2023年第7期10卷 251-260页

作者： nico eisenhauer Gerrit Angst Ana E.B.Asato Rémy Beugnon Elisabeth B?nisch Simone Cesarz Peter Dietrich Stephanie D.Jurburg Anna-Maria Madaj Rine C.Reuben Christian Ristok Marie Sünnemann Huimin Yi Carlos A.Guerra Jes Hines German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig Institute of Biology Leipzig University Institute of Soil Biology and Biogeochemistry Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences Leipzig Institute for Meteorology Universit?t Leipzig CEFE Univ Montpellier CNRS EPHE IRD Department of Environmental Microbiology Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research – UFZ

Ever-growing human population and nutritional demands,supply chain disruptions,and advancing climate change have led to the re alization that changes in diversity and system performance are intimately linked.Moreover,diversity and system performance depend on heterogeneity.Mitigating changes in system performance and promoting sustainable living conditions requires transformative decisions.Here,we introduce the heterogeneity-diversity-system performance(HDP) nexus as the conceptual basis upon which to formulate transformative decisions.We suggest that managing the heterogeneity of systems will best allow diversity to provide multiple benefits to people.Based on ecological theory,we pose that the HDP nexus is broadly applicable across systems,disciplines,and sectors,and should thus be considered in future decision making as a way to have a more sustainable global future.

关键词： heterogeneity diversity biodiversity-ecosystem functioning global change homogenization

Unimodal productivity-biodiversity relationship along the gradient of multidimensional resources across Chinese grasslands

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National Science Review 2022年第12期9卷 90-103页

作者： Yanfen Wang Jianqing Du Zhe Pang Yali Liu Kai Xue Yann Hautier Biao Zhang Li Tang Lili Jiang Baoming Ji Xingliang Xu Jing Zhang Ronghai Hu Shutong Zhou Fang Wang Rongxiao Che Di Wang Chaoting Zhou Xiaoyong Cui nico eisenhauer Yanbin Hao Department of Medicine New York University Grossman School of Medicine Beijing Yanshan Earth Critical Zone National Research Station University of Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Life Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Institute of Biology Leipzig University College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System Environment and Resources Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing Yanshan Earth Critical Zone National Research Station University of Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Grassland Science Beijing Forestry University Ecology and Biodiversity Group Department of BiologyUtrecht University Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Life Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences Yunnan University Institute of Biophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences

Resources can affect plant productivity and biodiversity simultaneously and thus are key drivers of their relationships in addition to plant-plant interactions.However,most previous studies only focused on a single resource while negle cting the nature of resource multidimensionality.Here we integrated four essential resources for plant growth into a single metric of resource diversity(RD) to investigate its effects on the productivity-biodiversity relationship(PBR) across Chinese grasslands.Results showed that habitats differing in RD have different PBRs—positive in low-resource habitats,but neutral in medium-and high-resource ones—while collectively,a weak positive PBR was observe d.However,when excluding direct effects of RD on productivity and biodiversity,the PBR in high-resource habitats became negative,which leads to a unimodal instead of a positive PBR along the RD gradient.By integrating resource effects and changing plant-plant interactions into a unified framework with the RD gradient,our work contributes to uncovering underlying me chanisms for inconsistent PBRs at large scales.

关键词： productivity–biodiversity relationship resource diversity plant strategies grassland

Diverse plant mixtures sustain a greater arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi spore viability than monocultures after 12 years

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2020年第4期13卷 478-488页

作者： Peter Dietrich Christiane Roscher Adam Thomas Clark nico eisenhauer Bernhard Schmid Cameron Wagg Institute of Ecology and Evolution Friedrich-Schiller-University JenaDornburger Strasse 15907743 JenaGermany Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies University of ZurichWinterthurerstrasse 1908057 ZurichSwitzerland Department of Physiological Diversity UFZHelmholtz Centre for Environmental ResearchPermoserstrasse 1504318 LeipzigGermany German Centre of Integrative Biodiversity Research(iDiv)Halle-Jena-Leipzig Deutscher Platz 5e04103 LeipzigGermany Institute of Biology Leipzig UniversityDeutscher Platz 5e04103 LeipzigGermany Department of Geography University of ZurichWinterthurerstrasse 1908057 ZurichSwitzerland Fredericton Research and Development Center Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada850 Lincoln RoadFrederictonNew Brunswick E3B 1P9Canada

密集的土地管理可能损害土壤生物多样性,从而危害长期的土壤生产力。丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)通过与植物专一性的共生关系,在促进土壤生产力方面发挥着关键作用。然而,目前尚不清楚植物群落的性质,特别是植物物种丰富度和组成如何影响土壤中AM... 详细信息

密集的土地管理可能损害土壤生物多样性,从而危害长期的土壤生产力。丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)通过与植物专一性的共生关系,在促进土壤生产力方面发挥着关键作用。然而,目前尚不清楚植物群落的性质,特别是植物物种丰富度和组成如何影响土壤中AMF种群的生存能力。本研究中,我们测试了来自不同植物功能类群的8种植物的单一栽培和不同植物的混合种植,是否可以维持更有活力的AMF繁殖体。为了回答这个问题,我们从12年的单种植物和混种植物中提取AMF孢子,并通过因子设计将单株AMF孢子与单株植物配对,并考察与AMF孢子来源和植物物种特性的交互作用。研究结果表明,不同植物混合种植的AMF孢子比单一栽培的AMF孢子更能成功地定植于多种植物和植株个体中。此外,我们还发现,来自不同混合种植的AMF孢子比来自单一栽培的AMF更能显著提高白车轴草(Trifolium repens L.)的生物量。与单一栽培相比,起源于不同植物混合种植的AMF孢子的生存能力和与多种植物相互作用的能力更强。我们的研究结果首次表明,多样的植物群落可以维持土壤中AMF的活力,也证明了多样的植物群落有潜力维持AMF繁殖体的活力对土壤健康和生产力至关重要。

关键词：地上-地下相互作用生物多样性生物量生产互惠共生植物-丛枝菌根真菌相互作用根系定植

Positive association between forest management, environmental change, and forest bird abundance

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Forest Ecosystems 2019年第1期6卷 26-37页

作者： Ernst Detlef Schulze Dylan Craven Andrew M.Durso Jiri Reif Marcus Guderle Franz Kroiher Petra Hennig Anne Weiserbs Peter Schall Christian Ammer nico eisenhauer Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry Biodiversity Macroecology and Biogeography Faculty of forest Science and Forest Ecology University G?ttingen Institute of Environmental Studies Faculty of ScienceCharles University Thünen-Institute for Forest Ecosystems Aves-Natagora Départment Etudes Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the temperate Zones University of G?ttingen German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) and Leipzig University Institute of Biology

Background: The global decrease in wildlife populations, especially birds, is mainly due to land use change and increasing intensity of land use(Parmesan and Yohe 2003). However, impacts of management tools to mitigate biodiversity loss at regional and global scales are less apparent in forest regions that have a constant forest area,and which did not suffer from habitat degradation, and where forests are sustainably managed, such as in Central Europe or the northeastern USA. A biodiversity assessment for Germany suggested, for example, that bird populations were constant(Bundesamt für Naturschutz 2015).Results: This study shows that changes in the environment and in forest management over the past 45 years have had a significant, positive effect on the abundance of non-migratory forest bird species in Central Europe. Economy(timber prices and GDP), forest management(timber harvest and mixed forest area), and environmental factors(atmospheric CO_2 concentration and nitrogen deposition) were investigated together with changes in abundances of migratory and non-migratory forest birds using partial least squares path modeling. Climate change, resulting in longer seasons and milder winters, and forest management, promoting tree diversity, were significantly positively related to the abundance of non-migratory forest birds and explained 92% of the variation in their abundance in Europe. Regionally-migrating forest birds had stable populations with large variation, while birds migrating across continents declined in recent decades, suggesting significant, contrasting changes in bird populations in Europe. In northeastern North America we also found evidence that non-migratory forests have experienced long-term increases in abundance, and this increase was related to management. The increase of populations of nonmigratory forest birds in Europe and North America is associated with an increase in structural diversity and disturbances at the landscape level.Conclusions: Our results suggest that reports about bird decline

关键词： Climate change Birds Biodiversity Timber harvest Econo my Forest management

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Biodiversity and belowground interactions mediate community invasion resistance against a tall herb invader

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2010年第2期3卷 99-108页

作者： Christoph Scherber Peter NMwangi Martin Schmitz Michael Scherer-Lorenzen Holger Beßler Christof Engels nico eisenhauer Varvara DMigunova Stefan Scheu Wolfgang WWeisser Ernst-Detlef Schulze Bernhard Schmid Agroecology Department of Crop ScienceUniversity of GottingenWaldweg 26D-37073 GottingenGermany Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies University of ZurichWinterthurerstraße 92CH-8057 ZurichSwitzerland Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry Hans-Knoll Straße 10D-07745 JenaGermany Institute of Ecology Jena UniversityDornburger Straße 159D-07743 JenaGermany Institut fur Biologie II/Geobotanik Schanzlestr.1D-79104 FreiburgGermany Humboldt Universitat zu Berlin Fachgebiet PflanzenernahrungAlbrecht-Thaer-Weg 4D-14195 BerlinGermany J.F.Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology University of GottingenBerliner Str.28D-37073 GottingenGermany K.I.Skryabin All-Russian Institute of Helminthology Bolschaya Tcheryomuschkinskaya str.28117218 MoscowRussia

Aims Species-rich plant communities are hypothesized to be more resistant against plant invasions because they use resources in a more efficient way.However,the relative contributions of aboveground competition and belowground interactions for invasion resistance are still poorly understood.Methods We compared the performance of Knautia arvensis transplants growing in plots differing in plant diversity both under full competition and with shoots of neighbors tied back to determine the relative strength of aboveground competition in suppressing this test invader without the confounding effect of shading.In addition,we assessed the effects of belowground competition and soil-borne pathogens on transplant performance.Important Findings Both aboveground competition and plant species richness strongly and independently affected invader performance.Aboveground biomass,height,leaf mass per area and flowering of transplanted individuals of K.arvensis decreased with increasing species richness of the host community.Species-rich and species-poor communities both imposed equally strong aboveground competition on K.arvensis.However,belowground interactions(especially belowground root competition)had strong negative effects on transplant performance.In addition,the presence of grasses in a plant community further reduced the performance of K.arvensis.Our results suggest that belowground competition can render species-rich host communities more suppressive to newly arriving species,thus enhancing community invasion resistance.

关键词： aboveground competition competitive suppression belowground interactions root competition shoot exclusion species richness

Effects of soil warming history on the performances of congeneric temperate and boreal herbaceous plant species and their associations with soil biota

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2017年第4期10卷 670-680页

作者： Madhav P.Thakur Peter B.Reich Cameron Wagg Nicholas A.Fisichelli Marcel Ciobanu Sarah E.Hobbie Roy L.Rich Artur Stefanski nico eisenhauer German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research(iDiv)Halle-Jena-Leipzig MitteDeutscher Platz 5E04103 LeipzigGermany Institute of Biology Leipzig UniversityJohannisallee 2104103 LeipzigGermany Department of Forest Resources University of Minnesota1530 North Cleveland AvenueSt.PaulMN 55108USA Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment University of Western SydneyPenrithNew South Wales 2751Australia Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies University of ZurichWinterthurerstrasse 190CH-8057 ZurichSwitzerland Forest Ecology Program Schoodic Institute at Acadia National ParkWinter HarborME 04693USA Institute of Biological Research Branch of the National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences48 Republicii Street400015 Cluj-NapocaRomania Department of Ecology Evolutionand BehaviorUniversity of MinnesotaSt.PaulMN 55108USA

Aims Climate warming raises the probability of range expansions of warm-adapted temperate species into areas currently dominated by cold-adapted boreal species.Warming-induced plant range expansions could partly depend on how warming modifies relationships with soil biota that promote plant growth,such as by mineralizing nutri-ents.Here,we grew two pairs of congeneric herbaceous plants spe-cies together in soil with a 5-year warming history(ambient,+1.7℃,+3.4℃)and related their performances to plant-beneficial soil biota.Methods Each plant pair belonged to either the mid-latitude temperate climate or the higher latitude southern boreal climate.Warmed soils were extracted from a chamberless heating experiment at two field sites in the temperate-boreal ecotone of North America.To isolate poten-tial effects of different soil warming histories,air temperature for the greenhouse experiment was identical across soils.We hypothesized that soil with a 5-year warming history in the field would enhance the performance of temperate plant species more than boreal plant species and expected improved plant performances to have positive associations with plant growth-promoting soil biota(microbial-feeding nematodes and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi).Important Findings Our main hypothesis was partly confirmed as only one temperate spe-cies performed better in soil with warming history than in soil with his-tory of ambient temperature.Further,this effect was restricted to the site with higher soil water content in the growing season of the sampling year(prior to soil collection).One of the boreal species performed con-sistently worse in previously warmed soil,whereas the other species showed neutral responses to soil warming history.We found a positive correlation between the density of microbial-feeding nematodes and the performance of one of the temperate species in previously wetter soils,but this correlation was negative at the site with previously drier soil.We found no significant correlations between the performance of the

关键词： seedling emergence soil biota range shift ecotone Aster cordifolius