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Tree diversity and nectar composition affect arthropod visitors on extrafloral nectaries in a diversity experiment

Journal of Plant Ecology 2017年第1期10卷 201-212页

作者： Michael Staab Joel Methorst Jan Peters Nico Blüthgen Alexandra-Maria Klein Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources Chair of Nature Conservation and Landscape EcologyUniversity of FreiburgTennenbacher Straße 479106 FreiburgGermany Institute of Ecology Leuphana University of LüneburgScharnhorststraße 121335 LüneburgGermany Ecological Network Group Department of BiologyTechnical University DarmstadtSchnittspahnstraße 1064287 DarmstadtGermany

Aims Plants with extrafloral nectaries(EFNs)are common in tropical and subtropical habitats and,despite many other arthropods also forage for EFN,most studies solely focused on the defense mutualisms between EFN plants and ants.This study aims at a quantitative assessment of the entire arthropod community that visits EFN trees to compare visitor communities between different tree species to disentangle the mechanisms that may drive EFN visitor community composition.We also test for tree diversity effects on EFN visitors,as it is unknown if local tree species richness relates to the abundance and species richness of arthropods foraging for EFN.Methods We sampled EFN-visiting arthropods in the experimental tree species richness gradient of the BEF-China Experiment,the currently largest forest diversity experiment in the world,and tested if tree species richness affects EFN visitors and if visitor community composition differs between EFN tree species.In a second step,we analyzed the EFN of Ailanthus altissima and Triadica cochinchinensis,the two EFN tree species with highest visitor abundance,for sugars and amino acids(AA)to test if tree species-specific differences in nectar chemistry translate to differing visitor communities.Lastly,we conducted a choice experiment using different artificial nectar solutions to test if nectar quality affects foraging decisions of ants,the most frequent EFN visitors in our study sites.Important Findings EFN trees in young successional forests in subtropical South-East China are visited by a diverse assemblage of arthropods including ants,beetles,flies,and spiders.Albeit ants accounted for about 75%of all individuals,non-ant visitors were by far more species rich.Visitor abundance and species richness declined with increasing tree species richness,suggesting a resource dilution effect,because plots with more tree species had proportionally less EFN tree individuals and thus lower nectar availability.Ailanthus altissima and T.cochinchinensis were visited by different arthropods and

关键词： amino acids BEF-China choice experiment formicidae HPLC chemical analysis

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National Forest Inventories capture the multifunctionality of managed forests in Germany

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Forest Ecosystems 2021年第1期8卷 50-68页

作者： Nadja K.Simons María R.Felipe-Lucia Peter Schall Christian Ammer Jürgen Bauhus Nico Blüthgen Steffen Boch François Buscot Markus Fischer Kezia Goldmann Martin M.Gossner Falk Hänsel Kirsten Jung Peter Manning Thomas Nauss Yvonne Oelmann Rodica Pena Andrea Polle Swen C.Renner Michael Schloter Ingo Schöning Ernst-Detlef Schulze Emily F.Solly Elisabeth Sorkau Barbara Stempfhuber Tesfaye Wubet Jörg Müller Sebastian Seibold Wolfgang W.Weisser Terrestrial Ecology Research Group Technische Universität MünchenHans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 285354 FreisingGermany Present address:Ecological Networks Technische Universität DarmstadtSchnittspahnstraße 364287 DarmstadtGermany Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ Department of Ecosystem ServicesDeutscher Platz 5e04103 LeipzigGermany Present address:German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research(iDiv)Halle-Jena-Leipzig Deutscher Platz 5e04103 LeipzigGermany Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones University of GöttingenBüsgenweg 137077 GöttingenGermany Centre for Biodiversity and Sustainable Land-use University of GöttingenBüsgenweg 137073 GöttingenGermany Chair of Silviculture Faculty of Environment and Natural ResourcesUniversity of FreiburgTennenbacherstr.479106 FreiburgGermany Ecological Networks Technische Universität DarmstadtSchnittspahnstraße 364287 DarmstadtGermany Institute of Plant Sciences University of BernAltenbergrain 213013 BernSwitzerland Biodiversity and Conservation Biology WSL Swiss Federal Research InstituteZürcherstrasse 1118903 BirmensdorfSwitzerland Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ Department of Soil EcologyTheodor-Lieser-Straße 406120 Halle(Saale)Germany German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research(iDiv)Halle-Jena-Leipzig Deutscher Platz 5e04103 LeipzigGermany Forest Entomology WSL Swiss Federal Research InstituteZürcherstrasse 1118903 BirmensdorfSwitzerland Department of Environmental Systems Science Institute of Terrestrial EcosystemsETH ZürichUniversitätstr 168092 ZürichSwitzerland Environmental Informatics University of MarburgDeutschhausstraße 1235032 MarburgGermany Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation Genomics Ulm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 1189069 UlmGermany Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre Senckenberganlage 2560325 Frankfurt am MainGermany Geoecology University of TübingenRümelinstraße 19-2372070 TübingenGermany Present address:Department of Sustaina

Background:Forests perform various important ecosystem functions that contribute to ecosystem services.In many parts of the world,forest management has shifted from a focus on timber production to multi-purpose forestry,combining timber production with the supply of other forest ecosystem services.However,it is unclear which forest types provide which ecosystem services and to what extent forests primarily managed for timber already supply multiple ecosystem services.Based on a comprehensive dataset collected across 150 forest plots in three regions differing in management intensity and species composition,we develop models to predict the potential supply of 13 ecosystem services.We use those models to assess the level of multifunctionality of managed forests at the national level using national forest inventory data.Results:Looking at the potential supply of ecosystem services,we found trade-offs(e.***.between both bark beetle control or dung decomposition and both productivity or soil carbon stocks)as well as synergies(e.***.for temperature regulation,carbon storage and culturally interesting plants)across the 53 most dominant forest types in Germany.No single forest type provided all ecosystem services equally.Some ecosystem services showed comparable levels across forest types(e.***.decomposition or richness of saprotrophs),while others varied strongly,depending on forest structural attributes(e.***.phosphorous availability or cover of edible plants)or tree species composition(e.***.potential nitrification activity).Variability in potential supply of ecosystem services was only to a lesser extent driven by environmental conditions.However,the geographic variation in ecosystem function supply across Germany was closely linked with the distribution of main tree species.Conclusions:Our results show that forest multifunctionality is limited to subsets of ecosystem services.The importance of tree species composition highlights that a lack of multifunctionality at the stand level can be compensated by managing forests at the

关键词： Ecosystem processes and services Forest management Structural diversity Tree species composition Trade-offs and synergies Forest productivity

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The shape that matters:how important is biodiversity for ecosystem functioning?

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2022年第3期65卷 651-653页

作者： nico Eisenhauer German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research(iDiv)Halle-Jena-Leipzig Puschstr.404103 LeipzigGermany Institute of Biology Leipzig UniversityPuschstr.404103 LeipzigGermany

How important is biodiversity for the functioning of ecosystems?This central question in ecology has been addressed in hundreds of studies over the last three decades.While there is broad consensus regarding the significant role of biodiversity in ecosystems,current research explores how much biodiversity is needed to maximize ecosystem functioning and which biodiversity facets are the most critical ones(Eisenhauer et al.,2019).

关键词： biodiversity ecosystems hundreds

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Stress granules: friend or foe in neurodegenerative disorders?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第2期19卷 403-404页

作者： Shanshan Xu nico P.Dantuma Department of Cell and Molecular Biology(CMB) Karolinska InstitutetSolnavägen 9S-17165 StockholmSweden

Neurodegenerative diseases,such as Alzheimer’s disease,Parkinson’s disease,and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,despite the diversity in clinical symptoms,share a striking feature at the cellular level:the accumulation of insoluble aggregates of misfolded proteins that are sequestered in intraneuronal inclusion bodies.Besides mutations in disease-associated proteins that render them aggregation-prone,the decline of protein homeostasis(i.***.proteostasis)with aging is also believed to be a contributing factor to the accumulation of protein aggregates.

关键词： degenerative homeostasis clinical

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A quark nova in the wake of a core-collapse supernova:a unifying model for long duration gamma-ray bursts and fast radio bursts

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2020年第2期20卷 119-186页

作者： Rachid Ouyed Denis Leahy nico Koning Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Calgary

By appealing to a quark nova(QN;the explosive transition of a neutron star to a quark star) in the wake of a core-collapse supernova(CCSN) explosion of a massive star,we develop a unified model for long duration gamma-ray bursts(LGRBs) and fast radio bursts(FRBs).The time delay(years to decades)between the SN and the QN,and the fragmented nature(i.e.,millions of chunks) of the relativistic QN ejecta are key to yielding a robust LGRB engine.In our model,an LGRB light curve exhibits the interaction of the fragmented QN ejecta with turbulent(i.e.,filamentary and magnetically saturated) SN ejecta which is shaped by its interaction with an underlying pulsar wind nebula(PWN).The afterglow is due to the interaction of the QN chunks,exiting the SN ejecta,with the surrounding medium.Our model can fit BAT/XRT prompt and afterglow light curves simultaneously with their spectra,thus yielding the observed properties of LGRBs(e.g.,the Band function and the X-ray flares).We find that the peak luminositypeak photon energy relationship(i.e.,the Yonetoku law),and the isotropic energy-peak photon energy relationship(i.e.,the Amati law) are not fundamental but phenomenological.FRB-like emission in our model results from coherent synchrotron emission(CSE) when the QN chunks interact with non-turbulent weakly magnetized PWN-SN ejecta,where conditions are prone to the Weibel instability.Magnetic field amplification induced by the Weibel instability in the shocked chunk frame sets the bunching length for electrons and pairs to radiate coherently.The resulting emission frequency,luminosity and duration in our model are consistent with FRB data.We find a natural unification of high-energy burst phenomena from FRBs(i.e.,those connected to CCSNe) to LGRBs including X-ray flashes(XRFs) and X-ray rich GRBs(XRR-GRBs) as well as superluminous SNe(SLSNe).We find a possible connection between ultra-high energy cosmic rays and FRBs and propose that a QN following a binary neutron star merger can yield a short duration GRB(SGRB) with fits to BAT/XR

关键词： stars:neutron stars:quark pulsars:general supernovae:general gamma-ray burst:general fast radio burst:general

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THE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY BACKYARD AS A LOCAL LEVEL INNOVATION INTERMEDIARY IN RURAL CHINA

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2022年第4期9卷 558-576页

作者： Jinghan LI Cees LEEUWIS nico HEERINK Weifeng ZHANG Knowledge Technology and Innovation GroupWageningen University&ResearchWageningen 6706KNthe Netherlands Development Economics Group Wageningen University&ResearchWageningen 6706KNthe Netherlands College of Resources and Environmental Science China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China College of Resources and Environment Anhui Agricultural UniversityHefei 230036China

Agricultural innovation can be described as a coevolutionary process of technological innovation,symbolic change,and social or institutional innovation,which relies on the interactions and collaboration between multiple stakeholders.This view emphasizes the significance of innovation intermediaries in supporting the coevolution process of innovation.Many studies have provided evidence on how innovation intermediaries play roles in supporting the coevolution innovation process at a broader innovation system level.However,little emphasis has been given to the role of innovation intermediaries in supporting the coevolution process of innovation at the community level in rural China.To address this research gap,this paper offers a case study of a novel type of innovation support intervention designed to promote technical change at the community level,the Science and Technology Backyard(STB).The paper focuses on the efforts of a specific STB in Wangzhuang village to promote innovation in tillage methods in wheat production.The aims was to examine the role of this newly emerging innovation support intervention in supporting the coevolution process of innovation at the community level,and compare the outcome of the coevolution process in the village with an STB to that in villages without an STB.Innovation journey analysis is applied to understand the evolved intermediation roles in the innovation process,and multivariate regression analysis is employed to assess the outcome of the coevolution process in villages with and without an STB.The findings suggest that the roles of STBs have evolved from knowledge brokers to systemic innovation intermediaries that facilitate the coevolution process of innovation inside an STB village.It has led to a higher adoption rate of improved technology,a better enabling environment for learning,and more effective institutional support in STB villages than in non-STB villages.However,the effect of support provided by a single STB on the coevolution process outside the community was limit

关键词： agricultural innovation coevolution community level innovation intermediaries Science and Technology Backyards(STBs)

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细节的力量

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花炮科技与市场 2022年第3期29卷 62-63页

作者： nico 不详

事故的发生,也存在于忽略的细节之中!小事成就大事,细节成就完美。荀子言:“不积步,无以至千里,不积小流,难以成江河。”千里之行始于足下,江河入海源于溪流。这世间没有一蹴而就的成功,凡是有所成就的人,都是从生活的点滴小事做起,只... 详细信息

事故的发生,也存在于忽略的细节之中!小事成就大事,细节成就完美。荀子言:“不积步,无以至千里,不积小流,难以成江河。”千里之行始于足下,江河入海源于溪流。这世间没有一蹴而就的成功,凡是有所成就的人,都是从生活的点滴小事做起,只有把小事做好、细节做好,才能做成大事。正如俗话所说:罗马不是一天建成的。细节的力量,可以成就一个人、一件事,也可以打败一个人、损毁一件事。

关键词：千里之行有所成就小事做起成就完美细节力量江河

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Is diabetes mellitus a risk factor for pancreatic cancer?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第30期19卷 4861-4866页

作者： Raffaele Pezzilli nico Pagano Department of Digestive Diseases and Internal Medicine Sant'Orsola-Malpighi Hospital40138 BolognaItaly

The relationship between diabetes mellitus and the risk of pancreatic cancer has been a matter of study for a long period of time.The importance of this topic is due to two main causes:the possible use of recent onset diabetes as a marker of the disease and,in particular,as a specific marker of pancreatic cancer,and the selection of a population at risk for pancreatic cancer.Thus,we decided to make an in-depth study of this topic;thus,we carried out an extensive literature search in order to re-assess the current knowledge on this topic.Even if diabetes is found a decade before the appearance of pancreatic cancer as reported in meta-analytic studies,we cannot select those patients already having non detectable pancreatic cancer,at least with the imaging and biological techniques available today.We believe that more studies are necessary in order to definitively identify diabetes mellitus as a risk factor for pancreatic cancer taking into consideration that approximately 10 years are needed to diagnose symptomatic pancreatic cancer.At present,the answer to the as to whether diabetes and pancreatic cancer comes first similar to the adage of the chicken and the egg is that diabetes is the egg.

关键词： Diabetes mellitus Obesity Pancreatic neoplasms Risk factors Clinical studies

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Gossypibomas as a rare cause of common bile duct dilation

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2019年第5期18卷 498-500页

作者： Raffaele Pezzilli Paula A.Mauloni nico Pagano Department of Gastroenterology Sant’Orsola Hospital

Gossypibomas are any foreign bodies left inside the patient after an operation. It represents a diagnostic challenge in clinical practice because the clinical consequence may manifest in different forms immediately, m... 详细信息

关键词： Gossypibomas common bile duct dilation clinical consequence

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谷歌云来势汹汹亚马逊云难以高枕无忧

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商业周刊（中文版） 2022年第2期 15-17页

作者： nico Grant 晴川(译) 不详

亚马逊公布的假日季业绩表现强劲,让原本担心该公司增长放缓的华尔街感到宽慰。得益于云计算部门的业绩,亚马逊2021年第四季度利润优于预期。同时,该公司上调Prime会员费的举动也让投资者备受鼓舞。盘后股价上涨约18%。

关键词：第四季度会员费业绩表现云计算增长放缓亚马逊股价上涨华尔街

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