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因地制宜:落实非传染性疾病的防控措施

英国医学杂志中文版 2020年第5期23卷 250-252页

作者： Joao Breda Kremlin Wickramasinghe David H Peters Ivo Rakovac Brian Oldenburg Bente Mikkelsen Ruitai Shao Cherian Varghese Téa Collins Kristen Wall Jill Farrington nick townsend 李丹麑(译) WHO European Office for Prevention and Control of NCDs MoscowRussia Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health BaltimoreUSA WHO Collaborating Centre on Implementation Research for Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases Melbourne School of Population and Global HealthUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneAustralia Division of Noncommunicable Diseases and Promoting Health through the Life-course WHO Regional Office for EuropeCopenhagenDenmark World Health Organization GenevaSwitzerland Department for Health University of BathBathUK 中华医学会学术会务部

众所周知,非传染性疾病(NCDs)是人类健康和发展所面临的最大挑战之一,全球出台了很多有关防控的政治承诺、这其中最知名的当属《联合国可持续发展目标》(SDGs),明确提出了“到2030年将NCDs导致的过早死亡减少三分之一”的奋斗目标2。但... 详细信息

众所周知,非传染性疾病(NCDs)是人类健康和发展所面临的最大挑战之一,全球出台了很多有关防控的政治承诺、这其中最知名的当属《联合国可持续发展目标》(SDGs),明确提出了“到2030年将NCDs导致的过早死亡减少三分之一”的奋斗目标2。但从当前的全球降低速率来看,理想和现实之间还有很大差距3。而更令人揪心的“国际共识”是,世界卫生组织(WHO)推广的“最划算措施”等循证干预并未落实到位,有相当大比例的NCDs导致的过早死亡案例原本可以避免3-5。

关键词：死亡案例非传染性疾病可持续发展目标循证干预防控措施政治承诺国际共识三分之一

Exploring Variational Auto-encoder Architectures, Configurations, and Datasets for Generative Music Explainable AI

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Machine Intelligence Research 2024年第1期21卷 29-45页

作者： nick Bryan-Kinns Bingyuan Zhang Songyan Zhao Berker Banar School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science Queen Mary University of LondonLondon E14NSUK Computer Science Department Carleton CollegeNorthfield MN 55057USA

Generative AI models for music and the arts in general are increasingly complex and hard to understand.The field of ex-plainable AI(XAI)seeks to make complex and opaque AI models such as neural networks more understandable to people.One ap-proach to making generative AI models more understandable is to impose a small number of semantically meaningful attributes on gen-erative AI models.This paper contributes a systematic examination of the impact that different combinations of variational auto-en-coder models(measureVAE and adversarialVAE),configurations of latent space in the AI model(from 4 to 256 latent dimensions),and training datasets(Irish folk,Turkish folk,classical,and pop)have on music generation performance when 2 or 4 meaningful musical at-tributes are imposed on the generative model.To date,there have been no systematic comparisons of such models at this level of com-binatorial detail.Our findings show that measureVAE has better reconstruction performance than adversarialVAE which has better musical attribute independence.Results demonstrate that measureVAE was able to generate music across music genres with inter-pretable musical dimensions of control,and performs best with low complexity music such as pop and rock.We recommend that a 32 or 64 latent dimensional space is optimal for 4 regularised dimensions when using measureVAE to generate music across genres.Our res-ults are the first detailed comparisons of configurations of state-of-the-art generative AI models for music and can be used to help select and configure AI models,musical features,and datasets for more understandable generation of music.

关键词： Variational auto-encoder explainable AI(XAI) generative music musical features datasets

Restimate:Recovery Estimation Tool for Resilience Planning

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Journal of Safety Science and Resilience 2024年第1期5卷 47-63页

作者： Scott Miles Megan Ly nick Terry Youngjun Choe Department of Human Centered Design&Engineering Campus Box 352315University of WashingtonSeattleWA 98195United States of America Department of Industrial&Systems Engineering Box 352650University of WashingtonSeattleWA 98195United States of America

The U.S.National Institute of Standards and Technology(NIST)published the Community Resilience Planning Guide in 2016.The NIST Guide advocates for a participatory process for developing a performance measurement framework for the jurisdiction’s resilience against a scenario hazard.The framework centers around tables of expected and desired recovery times for selected community assets,such as electricity,water,and natural gas infrastructures.The NIST Guide does not provide a method for estimating the expected recovery times.However,building high-fidelity computer models for such estimations requires substantial resources that even larger ju-risdictions cannot cost-justify.The most promising approach to recovery time estimation is to systematically use data elicited from people to tap into the wisdom of the(knowledgeable)crowd.This paper describes a novel research-through-design project to enable the computer-supported elicitation of recovery time series data.This work is the first in the literature to examine people’s ability to estimate recovery curves and how design in-fluences such estimations.Its main contribution to resilience planning is three-fold:development of a new elicitation tool called Restimate,understanding its potential user base,and providing insights into how it can facilitate resilience planning.Restimate is the first tool to enable evidence-based expert elicitation in any community with limited resources for resilience planning.Beyond resilience planning,those who facilitate high-stakes planning activities under large uncertainties(e.g.,mission-critical system design and planning)will benefit from a similar research-through-design process.

关键词： expert elicitation disaster natural hazard infrastructure community resilience restoration user-centered design computer-supported cooperative work

A photogrammetric approach for quantifying the evolution of rock joint void geometry under varying contact states

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2024年第4期34卷 461-477页

作者： Rui Yong Changshuo Wang nick Barton Shigui Du Institute of Rock Mechanics Ningbo UniversityNingbo 315211China nick Barton&Associates Fjordveien 65cHøvik 1363Norway

Accurate measurement of the evolution of rock joint void geometry is essential for comprehending the distribution characteristics of asperities responsible for shear and seepage behaviors.However,existing techniques often require specialized equipment and skilled operators,posing practical challenges.In this study,a cost-effective photogrammetric approach is proposed.Particularly,local coordinate systems are established to facilitate the alignment and precise quantification of the relative position between two halves of a rock joint.Push/pull tests are conducted on rock joints with varying roughness levels to induce different contact states.A high-precision laser scanner serves as a benchmark for evaluating the photogrammetry method.Despite certain deviations exist,the measured evolution of void geometry is generally consistent with the qualitative findings of previous studies.The photogrammetric measurements yield comparable accuracy to laser scanning,with maximum errors of 13.2%for aperture and 14.4%for void volume.Most joint matching coefficient(JMC)measurement errors are below 20%.Larger measurement errors occur primarily in highly mismatched rock joints with JMC values below 0.2,but even in cases where measurement errors exceed 80%,the maximum JMC error is only 0.0434.Thus,the proposed photogrammetric approach holds promise for widespread application in void geometry measurements in rock joints.

关键词： Rock joint Void geometry evolution Photogrammetry Aperture Void volume Joint matching coefficient

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Outcome of meniscal repairs in paediatric population:A tertiary centre experience

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2024年第6期15卷 547-553页

作者： Ayman Gabr Samson Williams Sophie Dodd nick Barton-Hanson Department of Trauma&Orthopaedics West Suffolk HospitalSuffolk IP332QZUnited Kingdom Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics Alder Hey Children's HospitalLiverpool L145ABUnited Kingdom

BACKGROUND Meniscal sparing surgery is a widely utilised treatment option for unstable meniscal tears with the aim of minimising the risk of progression towards osteoarthritis.However,there is limited data in the literature on meniscal repair outcomes in skeletally immature patients.AIM To evaluate the re-operation rate and functional outcomes of meniscal repairs in children and adolescents.METHODS We performed a retrospective review of all patients who underwent arthroscopic meniscal repair surgery between January 2007 and January 2018.All patients were under the age of 18 at the time of surgery.Procedures were all performed by a single surgeon.Information was gathered from our hospital Electronic Patient Records system.The primary outcome measure was re-operation rate(need for further surgery on the same meniscus).Secondary outcome measures were surgical complications and patient reported outcome measures that were International Knee Documentation Committee(IKDC),Tegner and Lysholm scores.RESULTS We identified 59 patients who underwent 66 All-inside meniscal repairs(32 medial meniscus and 34 Lateral meniscus).Meniscal repairs were performed utilizing FasT-Fix(Smith and Nephew)implants.There were 37 males and 22 females with an average age of 14 years(range 6-16).The average follow-up time was 53 months(range 26-140).Six patients had concomitant anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery along with the meniscal repair.There were no requiring further meniscal repairs and 9 patients underwent partial meniscectomies.The mean postoperative IKDC score was 88(44-100),Tegner score was 7(2-10)and Lysholm score was 94(57-100).CONCLUSION Our results showed that arthroscopic repair of meniscal tears in the paediatric population is an effective treatment option that has a low failure rate and good postoperative clinical with the advantage of preserving meniscal tissues.

关键词： Meniscus Meniscal repair Outcome Meniscal preservation

A Survey on Event Tracking in Social Media Data Streams

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Big Data Mining and Analytics 2024年第1期7卷 217-243页

作者： Zixuan Han Leilei Shi Lu Liu Liang Jiang Jiawei Fang Fanyuan Lin Jinjuan Zhang John Panneerselvam nick Antonopoulos School of Computer Science and Communication Engineering and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Security Technology for Industrial Cyberspace Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013China School of Computing and Mathematical Sciences University of LeicesterLeicesterLE17RHUK Ocean College Jiangsu University of Science and TechnologyZhenjiang 212100China University Executive Office Edinburgh Napier UniversityEdinburghEH114BNUK

Social networks are inevitable parts of our daily life,where an unprecedented amount of complex data corresponding to a diverse range of applications are generated.As such,it is imperative to conduct research on social events and patterns from the perspectives of conventional sociology to optimize services that originate from social networks.Event tracking in social networks finds various applications,such as network security and societal governance,which involves analyzing data generated by user groups on social networks in real time.Moreover,as deep learning techniques continue to advance and make important breakthroughs in various fields,researchers are using this technology to progressively optimize the effectiveness of Event Detection(ED)and tracking algorithms.In this regard,this paper presents an in-depth comprehensive review of the concept and methods involved in ED and tracking in social networks.We introduce mainstream event tracking methods,which involve three primary technical steps:ED,event propagation,and event evolution.Finally,we introduce benchmark datasets and evaluation metrics for ED and tracking,which allow comparative analysis on the performance of mainstream methods.Finally,we present a comprehensive analysis of the main research findings and existing limitations in this field,as well as future research prospects and challenges.

关键词： Event Detection(ED) event propagation event evolution social networks

CMOS Temperature Sensors: From Module Design to System Design

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Chinese Journal of Electronics 2024年

作者： Zhong TANG Xiao-Peng YU Zheng SHI Nianxiong nick Tan Vango Technologies Zhejiang Univerisity

In a smart CMOS temperature sensor, the temperature information is converted to an electrical signal, such as voltage, current, or time delay, and then it is digitized by an analog-to-digital converter(ADC). Instead of categorizing sensors according to their sensing elements, this work introduces different CMOS temperature sensors based on their signal processing domains of the readout circuits. To design a suitable sensor for a specific application,two general design methodologies are also introduced with state-of-the-art examples. Depending on the applications,the corresponding types of the sensor and design methodology can be chosen to optimize the performance.

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Efficacy and safety of transvaginal mesh repair in a cohort with a minimum of 10-year follow-up

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第5期67卷 1061-1068页

作者： Zhibo Zhang Jianbin Guo Weijie Tian Ye Zhang Yuelun Zhang Tianshu Sun Jiali Duan Xinmiao Bao Yuan Wang Yang Ye Qianqian Gao Honghui Shi Abraham nick Morse Juan Chen Lan Zhu Departmentof Obstetrics and Gynecology Peking Union MedicalCollege HospitalChinese Academyof Medical Sciences&Peking Union MedicalCollegeNational Clinical Research Center for Obstetricand Gynecologic DiseasesBeijing 100730China Department of Gynecology Guizhou Provincial People’s HospitalMedical College of Guizhou UniversityGuiyang 550002China Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450000China Medical Research Center Peking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100730China Medical Doctor Program Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100730China Department of Pathology Peking Union Medical College HospitalBeijing 100730China Tufts University School of Medicine Boston MA 02111USA

Although transvaginal mesh(TVM)repair is no longer used in some countries,long-term outcomes after TVM surgery are of great importance globally.However,reports with follow-up>10 years are limited.Thus,this study aimed to report outcomes in a prospective cohort with at least 10 years of follow-up.Women with stageⅢ–Ⅳsymptomatic prolapse were approached consecutively from 2008 to 2013 at one tertiary hospital.The main outcome measure was symptomatic failure.Secondary outcomes included anatomic failure,recurrence,patient satisfaction,complications,and reoperation.The Kaplan-Meier curve was used to estimate the cumulative failure rate.Of the 121 patients enrolled in the study,103(85.1%)completed a median follow-up of 11 years.The estimated probability rates of symptomatic and anatomic failure were 17.6%and 8.8%in 11 years,respectively.The estimated incidence of symptomatic failure increased by 8.2%between 5 and 11 years;however,the corresponding rate for anatomic failure was 3.7%.The most common complication was vaginal mesh exposure,and its estimated probability increased from 19.3%to 28.4%from 5 to 11 years,respectively.Office trimming resolved 80.0%of vaginal exposures.These patients did not report decreased overall satisfaction.Patients with vaginal mesh exposure requiring>3 office procedures or mesh removal in the operating room(5.8%by 11 years)had lower satisfaction rates(P<0.01)and were defined as having severe mesh exposure.The rates of postoperative pain,reoperation,and Patient Global Impression of Improvement≥2 were 2.5%,3.3%,and 94.2%,respectively.The results of this study implied that TVM treatment gradually increased the symptomatic failure rate but provided durable anatomical support of the vaginal wall.Vaginal mesh exposure was common in women who were largely not sexually active;however,80%of the cases could be managed in the outpatient clinic,which did not affect patient satisfaction.

关键词： complication efficacy long-term follow-up pelvic organ prolapse safety transvaginal mesh

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改变世界的一张照片

摄影之友 2024年第6期 64-71页

作者：健一黄功吾(图) 不详

在历史的长河中,有些瞬间是如此强烈,以至于它们永远地刻录在我们的记忆中。对于许多美国人来说,越南战争就是这样一个时刻,而黄功吾(nick Ut)所拍摄的一张照片则成了那个时代的象征。

关键词：越南战争刻录照片