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Computational fluid dynamics simulation of Hyperloop pod predicting laminar–turbulent transition

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Railway Engineering Science 2020年第1期28卷 97-111页

作者： Nathalie nick Yohei Sato Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering Swiss Federal Institute of TechnologyETH ZurichLEO B 9.1Leonhardstrasse 278092 ZurichSwitzerland Nuclear Energy and Safety Research Division Paul Scherrer InstituteForschungsstrasse 1115232 Villigen PSISwitzerland

Three-dimensional compressible flow simulationswere conducted to develop a Hyperloop pod. Thenovelty is the usage of Gamma transition model, in whichthe transition from laminar to turbulent flow can be ***, a mesh dependency study was undertaken,showing second-order convergence with respect to themesh refinement. Second, an aerodynamic analysis for twodesigns, short and optimized, was conducted with thetraveling speed 125 m/s at the system pressure 0.15 *** concept of the short model was to delay the transitionto decrease the frictional drag;meanwhile that of theoptimized design was to minimize the pressure drag bydecreasing the frontal area and introduce the transitionmore toward the front of the pod. The computed resultsshow that the transition of the short model occurred moreon the rear side due to the pod shape, which resulted in 8%smaller frictional drag coefficient than that for the optimizedmodel. The pressure drag for the optimized designwas 24% smaller than that for the short design, half ofwhich is due to the decrease in the frontal area, and theother half is due to the smoothed rear-end shape. The totaldrag for the optimized model was 14% smaller than that forthe short model. Finally, the influence of the systempressure was investigated. As the system pressure and theReynolds number increase, the frictional drag coefficientincreases, and the transition point moves toward the front,which are the typical phenomena observed in the transitionregime.

关键词： Computational fluid dynamics(CFD) Drag Subsonic compressible flow Hyperloop Laminar-turbulent transition

Tight junctions in inflammatory bowel diseases and inflammatory bowel disease associated colorectal cancer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第11期22卷 3117-3126页

作者： Jonathan Landy Emma Ronde nick English Sue K Clark Ailsa L Hart Stella C Knight paul J Ciclitira Hafid Omar Al-Hassi IBD Unit St Mark's Hospital Harrow London HA1 3UJ United Kingdom Antigen Presentation Research Group Department of Immunology Imperial College London HA1 3UJ United Kingdom Department of Biosurgery and Surgical Technology Imperial College London HA1 3UJ United Kingdom Department of Gastroenterology The Rayne Institute St Thomas' Hospital London HA1 3UJ United Kingdom

Inflammatory bowel diseases are characterised by inflammation that compromises the integrity of the epithelial barrier. The intestinal epithelium is not only a static barrier but has evolved complex mechanisms to control and regulate bacterial interactions with the mucosal surface. Apical tight junction proteins are critical in the maintenance of epithelial barrier function and control of paracellular permeability. The characterisation of alterations in tight junction proteins as key players in epithelial barrier function in inflammatory bowel diseases is rapidly enhancing our understanding of critical mechanisms in disease pathogenesis as well as novel therapeutic opportunities. Here we give an overview of recent literature focusing on the role of tight junction proteins, in particular claudins, in inflammatory bowel diseases and inflammatory bowel disease associated colorectal cancer.

关键词： Claudin Tight junction Ulcerative colitis Pouchitis Crohn’ s disease

A Method for Measurement of the Hypertrophic First Metatarsal Medial Eminence on Foot Radiographs—A Reliability Study with Surgical Implications

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Journal of Analytical Sciences, Methods and Instrumentation 2014年第1期4卷 31-37页

作者： paul S. Armanasco Kathy Briffa nick Pang Australasian College of Podiatric Surgeons Perth Australia Curtin University of Technology Perth Australia Global Diagnostics Bunbury Australia

Background: It has been suggested that hypertrophic eminence on the medial head of the first metatarsal is a component of the patho-anatomy of hallux valgus. However, research findings in this area are inconsistent, possibly due to differences in methods in identifying and measuring the medial eminence. To date, reliability of any method of measurement has not been reported. The purpose of this study was to determine the reliability of measurement of the medial eminence on medial oblique and dorsoplantar radiographs using a previously described geometric technique. Methods: To evaluate the reliability of a method of measurement of the medial eminence of the first metatarsal duplicate standardized dorsoplantar and medial oblique radiographs were taken of one foot of 15 subjects. The feet included both rectus feet and subjects with hallux valgus. The medial eminence was measured on the digital images using Inteleviewer 2.5 (Intelerad medical systems incorporated, Montreal, Quebec) software. Observer 1 measured one randomly selected image from each subject to determine inter-observer reliability. Observer 2 measured all images to determine the overall intraobserver reliability. Reliability was calculated using intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC). Results: The mean projection of the medial eminence ranged from 0.39 to 0.44 cm in both views. The ICCs were calculated for the dorsoplantar view and the 2 medial oblique view measures between observers. They ranged from 0.76 intra-rater and 0.86 interrater in the dorsoplantar view to 0.80 intra-rater and 0.90 inter-rater in the medial oblique view indicating good reliability in all measures. The average of the 4 oblique views also showed a high level of reliability with a coefficient of 0.96. Conclusions: The medial eminence can be reliably measured in the medial oblique and dorsoplantar view using the described technique. The medial oblique and the dorsoplantar views are valuable and reliable projections for visualisi

关键词： Hallux Valgus Medial Eminence Radiograph Surgery Reliability

Unique,Persistent,Resolvable:Identifiers as the Foundation of FAIR

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Data Intelligence 2020年第1期2卷 30-39,302页

作者： nick Juty Sarala M.Wimalaratne Stian Soiland-Reyes John Kunze Carole A.Goble Tim Clark Department of Computer Science The University of ManchesterOxford RoadManchester M139PLUK European Bioinformatics Institute(EMBL-EBI) HinxtonCambridgeCB101SDUK California Digital Library OaklandCalifornia 94612-2901USA Data Science Institute University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVA 22903-1738USA

The FAIR principles describe characteristics intended to support access to and reuse of digital artifacts in the scientific research ***,globally unique identifiers,resolvable on the Web,and associated with a set of additional descriptive metadata,are foundational to FAIR *** we describe some basic principles and exemplars for their design,use and orchestration with other system elements to achieve FAIRness for digital research objects.

关键词： Identifiers metadata findability FAIR data data infrastructures

Using statistics and mathematical modelling to understand infectious disease outbreaks:COVID-19 as an example

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2020年第1期5卷 409-441页

作者： Christopher E.Overton Helena B.Stage Shazaad Ahmad Jacob Curran-Sebastian paul Dark Rajenki Das Elizabeth Fearon Timothy Felton Martyn Fyles nick Gent Ian Hall Thomas House Hugo Lewkowicz Xiaoxi Pang Lorenzo Pellis Robert Sawko Andrew Ustianowski Bindu Vekaria Luke Webb Department of Mathematics University of ManchesterUK IBM Research Hartree CentreSciTech DaresburyUK Department of Global Health and Development London School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineUK Emergency Response Department Public Health EnglandUK Division of Infection Immunity and Respiratory MedicineNIHR Biomedical Research CentreUniversity of ManchesterUK Department of Virology Manchester Medical Microbiology PartnershipManchester Foundation TrustUK Regional Infectious Diseases Unit North Manchester General HospitalUK School of Medical Sciences University of ManchesterUK Intensive Care Unit Wythenshawe HospitalManchester University NHS Foundation TrustUK Department of Health Sciences University of ManchesterUK Department of Mathematical Sciences University of LiverpoolUK The Alan Turing Institute UK Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre UK Critical Care Unit Salford Royal HospitalNorthern Care Alliance NHS GroupUK

During an infectious disease outbreak,biases in the data and complexities of the underlying dynamics pose significant challenges in mathematically modelling the outbreak and designing *** by the ongoing response to COVID-19,we provide a toolkit of statistical and mathematical models beyond the simple SIR-type differential equation models for analysing the early stages of an outbreak and assessing *** particular,we focus on parameter estimation in the presence of known biases in the data,and the effect of non-pharmaceutical interventions in enclosed subpopulations,such as households and care *** illustrate these methods by applying them to the COVID-19 pandemic.

关键词： COVID-19 Epidemic modelling Parameter estimation Outbreak Bias Intervention

Specificity of serological screening tests and reference laboratory tests to diagnose gambiense human African trypanosomiasis: a prospective clinical performance study

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2024年第4期13卷 48-63页

作者： Martial Kassi N'Djetchil Oumou Camara Mathurin Koffi Mamadou Camara Dramane Kaba Jacques Kabore Alkali Tall Brice Rotureau Lucy Glover Melika Barkissa Traorel Minayegninrin Kone Bamoro Coulibaly Guy Pacome Adingra Aissata Soumah Mohamed Gassama Abdoulaye Dansy Camara Charlie Franck Alfred Compaore Aissata Camara Salimatou Boiro Elena Perez Anton paul Bessell nick Van Reet Bruno Bucheton Vincent Jamonneau Jean-Mathieu Bart Philippe Solano Sylvain Bieler Veerle Lejon Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Management Jean Lorougnon Guede UniversityDaloaCote d'ivoire National Program for Neglected Tropical Disease Control Patient ManagementMinistry of HealthConakryGuinea Trypanosomosis Research Unit Pierre Richet InstituteBouakeCote d'ivoire International Research and Development Centre on Livestock in Subhumid Zones Bobo-DioulassoBurkina Faso National Program for Malaria Control ConakryGuinea Parasitology Unit Institut Pasteur de GuineeConakryGuinea Trypanosome Molecular Biology Unit Department of Parasites and Insect VectorsPasteur InstituteParis Cite UniversityParisFrance Intertryp IRD-CIRAD-University of MontpellierMontpellierFrance Independent Consultant EdinburghUk Department of Biomedical Sciences Institute of Tropical MedicineAntwerpBelgium Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics GenevaSwitzerland

Background Serological screening tests play a crucial role to diagnose gambiense human African trypanosomiasis(gHAT).Presently,they preselect individuals for microscopic confrmation,but in future"screen and treat"strategies they willidentify individuals for *** in reported specificities,the development of new rapid diagnos-tic tests(RDT)and the hypothesis that malaria infection may decrease RDT specificity led us to evaluate the specificity of 5 gHAT screening *** During active screening,venous blood samples from 1095 individuals from Cote d'ivoire and Guinea were tested consecutively with commercial(CATT,HAT Sero-K-SeT,Abbott Bioline HAT 2.0)and prototype(DCN HAT RDT,HAT Sero-K-SeT 2.0)gHAT screening tests and with a malaria *** with≥1 positive gHAT screening test underwent microscopy and further immunological(trypanolysis with *** LiTat 1.3,1.5 and 1.6;indirect ELISA/***;*** inhibition ELISA with *** LiTat 1.3 and 1.5 VSG)and molecular reference laboratory tests(PCR TBRN3,18S and TgsGP;SHERLOCK 18S Tids,7SL Zoon,and TgsGP;Trypanozoon S2-RT-qPCR 18S2,177T,GPl-PLC and TgsGP in multiplex;RT-qPCR DT8,DT9 and TgsGP in multiplex).Microscopic trypanosome detection confrmed gHAT,while other individuals were considered gHAT *** in fractions between groups were assessed by Chi square and differences in specificity between 2 tests on the same individuals by *** One gHAT case was *** test specificities(n=1094)were:CATT 98.9%(95%CI:98.1-99.4%);HAT Sero-K-SeT 86.7%(95%CI:84.5-88.5%);Bioline HAT 2.082.1%(95%CI:79.7-84.2%);DCN HAT RDT 78.2%(95%CI:75.7-80.6%);and HAT Sero-K-SeT 2.078.4%(95%CI:75.9-80.8%).In malaria positives,gHAT screening tests appeared less specific,but the difference Was significant only in Guinea for Abbott Bioline HAT 2.0(P=0.03)and HAT Sero-K-Set 2.0(P=0.0006).The specificities of immunological and molecular laboratory tests in gHAT seroposit

关键词： Human African trypanosomiasis Trypanosoma brucei gambiense Diagnosis Specificity Rapid diagnostic test Immunoloaical test Molecular test

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Sky Green

建筑实践 2020年第8期 162-171页

作者： WONG Mun Summ Richard Hassell Pearl Chee Siew Choo SEE Jian Fa LIN Li Ping Billy Novia Prima Tay I-Lin nick Puah John paul R Gonzales Josephine Isip Anthony Wong SHU Xian Kuomin Lee WOHA

地点:中国台湾台中市Location:Taichung,China Taiwan2012年,WOHA受台中市政府和逢甲大学的邀请,将其"呼吸建筑"展览带到台中。这次展览是由市政府的门户项目总体规划发起的计划的一部分,该计划重点关注可持续性、低碳排放和智慧城市的...

地点:中国台湾台中市Location:Taichung,China Taiwan2012年,WOHA受台中市政府和逢甲大学的邀请,将其"呼吸建筑"展览带到台中。这次展览是由市政府的门户项目总体规划发起的计划的一部分,该计划重点关注可持续性、低碳排放和智慧城市的设计原则。政府正在起草新法规,以使台中市在下一阶段的发展中成为一个更绿色、更宜居的城市。展览之后,

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汽车运动的未来

汽车与运动 2014年第11期 113-119页

作者： nick TROTT BARRY HAYDEN 马爽

为了庆祝公司成立125周年,邓禄普委托未来学家Dr lan Pearson预测未来125年后赛车。EVO应邀独家圆桌讨论,并采访了传奇的赛车设计师Sergio Rinland关于他眼中的未来的赛车手会议成员主席JAMES BAILEY市场及公关主管,邓禄普赛车DR paul B... 详细信息

为了庆祝公司成立125周年,邓禄普委托未来学家Dr lan Pearson预测未来125年后赛车。EVO应邀独家圆桌讨论,并采访了传奇的赛车设计师Sergio Rinland关于他眼中的未来的赛车手会议成员主席JAMES BAILEY市场及公关主管,邓禄普赛车DR paul BRUCE讲师,帝国理工学院航空专业主要成就:获得高速空气动力方向的博士学位,研究项目前鼻翼、轮胎的影响SAM HIGNETT合伙人,Jota集团主要成就:参加世界耐力锦标赛。

关键词：邓禄普汽车运动勒芒空气动力帝国理工学院圆桌讨论滚动阻力主要制造商抓地力博士学位

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欧洲生物技术公司去年融资形势大幅回暖

投资与合作 2015年第Z1期 132页

作者： nick paul Taylor

对于欧洲的生物技术公司来说,2014年是财务状况大好的一年。IPO向它们敞开了怀抱,同时也带动了风投资本的热情。去年,英国的生物技术公司获得风投资金7.13亿美元,比2013年增长41%。剑桥、伦敦、牛津这一“金三角”地区获得的资金最多,...

对于欧洲的生物技术公司来说,2014年是财务状况大好的一年。IPO向它们敞开了怀抱,同时也带动了风投资本的热情。去年,英国的生物技术公司获得风投资金7.13亿美元,比2013年增长41%。剑桥、伦敦、牛津这一“金三角”地区获得的资金最多,而位于这个英国东南部核心地带以外的公司也收获不小。由此,人们也非常看好2015年的发展势头。2014年成IPO爆发之年此前,欧洲的生物技术公司一直不

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