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Exploring Variational Auto-encoder Architectures, Configurations, and Datasets for Generative Music Explainable AI

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Machine Intelligence Research 2024年第1期21卷 29-45页

作者： nick Bryan-Kinns Bingyuan Zhang Songyan Zhao Berker Banar School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science Queen Mary University of LondonLondon E14NSUK Computer Science Department Carleton CollegeNorthfield MN 55057USA

Generative AI models for music and the arts in general are increasingly complex and hard to *** field of ex-plainable AI(XAI)seeks to make complex and opaque AI models such as neural networks more understandable to *** ap-proach to making generative AI models more understandable is to impose a small number of semantically meaningful attributes on gen-erative AI *** paper contributes a systematic examination of the impact that different combinations of variational auto-en-coder models(measureVAE and adversarialVAE),configurations of latent space in the AI model(from 4 to 256 latent dimensions),and training datasets(Irish folk,Turkish folk,classical,and pop)have on music generation performance when 2 or 4 meaningful musical at-tributes are imposed on the generative *** date,there have been no systematic comparisons of such models at this level of com-binatorial *** findings show that measureVAE has better reconstruction performance than adversarialVAE which has better musical attribute *** demonstrate that measureVAE was able to generate music across music genres with inter-pretable musical dimensions of control,and performs best with low complexity music such as pop and *** recommend that a 32 or 64 latent dimensional space is optimal for 4 regularised dimensions when using measureVAE to generate music across *** res-ults are the first detailed comparisons of configurations of state-of-the-art generative AI models for music and can be used to help select and configure AI models,musical features,and datasets for more understandable generation of music.

关键词： Variational auto-encoder explainable AI(XAI) generative music musical features datasets

Restimate:Recovery Estimation Tool for Resilience Planning

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Journal of Safety Science and Resilience 2024年第1期5卷 47-63页

作者： Scott Miles Megan Ly nick Terry Youngjun Choe Department of Human Centered Design&Engineering Campus Box 352315University of WashingtonSeattleWA 98195United States of America Department of Industrial&Systems Engineering Box 352650University of WashingtonSeattleWA 98195United States of America

The *** Institute of Standards and Technology(NIST)published the Community Resilience Planning Guide in *** NIST Guide advocates for a participatory process for developing a performance measurement framework for the jurisdiction’s resilience against a scenario *** framework centers around tables of expected and desired recovery times for selected community assets,such as electricity,water,and natural gas *** NIST Guide does not provide a method for estimating the expected recovery ***,building high-fidelity computer models for such estimations requires substantial resources that even larger ju-risdictions cannot *** most promising approach to recovery time estimation is to systematically use data elicited from people to tap into the wisdom of the(knowledgeable)*** paper describes a novel research-through-design project to enable the computer-supported elicitation of recovery time series *** work is the first in the literature to examine people’s ability to estimate recovery curves and how design in-fluences such *** main contribution to resilience planning is three-fold:development of a new elicitation tool called Restimate,understanding its potential user base,and providing insights into how it can facilitate resilience *** is the first tool to enable evidence-based expert elicitation in any community with limited resources for resilience *** resilience planning,those who facilitate high-stakes planning activities under large uncertainties(e.g.,mission-critical system design and planning)will benefit from a similar research-through-design process.

关键词： expert elicitation disaster natural hazard infrastructure community resilience restoration user-centered design computer-supported cooperative work

Editorial for Special Issue on Multi-modal Representation Learning

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Machine Intelligence Research 2024年第4期21卷 615-616页

作者： Deng-Ping Fan nick Barnes Ming-Ming Cheng Luc Van Gool Nankai University China&ETH ZürichSwitzerland Australian National University Australia Nankai University China ETH Zürich Switzerland

The past decade has witnessed the impressive and steady development of single-modal AI technologies in several fields,thanks to the emergence of deep *** studied,however,is multi-modal AI-commonly considered the next generation of AI-which utilizes complementary context concealed in different-modality inputs to improve *** naturally learn to form a global concept from multiple modalities(i.e.,sight,hearing,touch,smell,and taste),even when some are incomplete or ***,in addition to the two popular modalities(vision and language),other types of data such as depth,infrared information,and events are also important for multi-modal learning in real-world scenes.

关键词： modal utilize incomplete

Data Temperature Informed Streaming for Optimising Large-Scale Multi-Tiered Storage

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Big Data Mining and Analytics 2024年第2期7卷 371-398页

作者： Dominic Davies-Tagg Ashiq Anjum Ali Zahir Lu Liu Muhammad Usman Yaseen nick Antonopoulos Department of Computing University of DerbyDerbyDE221GBUK Department of Informatics University of LeicesterLeicesterLE17RHUK Department of Computer Science COMSATS University IslamabadIslamabad 45550Pakistan Edinburgh Napier University EdinburghEH114BNUK

Data temperature is a response to the ever-growing amount of *** data have to be stored,but they have been observed that only a small portion of the data are accessed more frequently at any one *** leads to the concept of hot and cold *** data can be migrated away from high-performance nodes to free up performance for higher priority *** studies classify hot and cold data primarily on the basis of data age and usage *** present this as a limitation in the current implementation of data *** is due to the fact that age automatically assumes that all new data have priority and that usage is purely *** propose new variables and conditions that influence smarter decision-making on what are hot or cold data and allow greater user control over data location and their *** identify new metadata variables and user-defined variables to extend the current data temperature *** further establish rules and conditions for limiting unnecessary movement of the data,which helps to prevent wasted input output(I/O)*** also propose a hybrid algorithm that combines existing variables and new variables and conditions into a single data *** proposed system provides higher accuracy,increases performance,and gives greater user control for optimal positioning of data within multi-tiered storage solutions.

关键词： data temperature hot and cold data multi-tiered storage metadata variable multi-temperature system

Rethinking Polyp Segmentation from An Out-ofdistribution Perspective

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Machine Intelligence Research 2024年第4期21卷 631-639页

作者： Ge-Peng Ji Jing Zhang Dylan Campbell Huan Xiong nick Barnes Australian National University Canberra 8105Australia Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence Abu Dhabi 999041UAE

Unlike existing fully-supervised approaches,we rethink colorectal polyp segmentation from an out-of-distribution perspective with a simple but effective self-supervised learning *** leverage the ability of masked autoencoders-self-supervised vision transformers trained on a reconstruction task-to learn in-distribution representations,here,the distribution of healthy colon *** then perform out-of-distribution reconstruction and inference,with feature space standardisation to align the latent distribution of the diverse abnormal samples with the statistics of the healthy *** generate per-pixel anomaly scores for each image by calculating the difference between the input and reconstructed images and use this signal for out-of-distribution(i.e.,polyp)*** results on six benchmarks show that our model has excellent segmentation performance and generalises across *** code is publicly available at https://***/GewelsJI/Polyp-OOD.

关键词： Polyp segmentation anomaly segmentation out-of-distribution segmentation masked autoencoder abdomen.

Outcome of meniscal repairs in paediatric population:A tertiary centre experience

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2024年第6期15卷 547-553页

作者： Ayman Gabr Samson Williams Sophie Dodd nick Barton-Hanson Department of Trauma&Orthopaedics West Suffolk HospitalSuffolk IP332QZUnited Kingdom Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics Alder Hey Children's HospitalLiverpool L145ABUnited Kingdom

BACKGROUND Meniscal sparing surgery is a widely utilised treatment option for unstable meniscal tears with the aim of minimising the risk of progression towards ***,there is limited data in the literature on meniscal repair outcomes in skeletally immature *** To evaluate the re-operation rate and functional outcomes of meniscal repairs in children and *** We performed a retrospective review of all patients who underwent arthroscopic meniscal repair surgery between January 2007 and January *** patients were under the age of 18 at the time of *** were all performed by a single *** was gathered from our hospital Electronic Patient Records *** primary outcome measure was re-operation rate(need for further surgery on the same meniscus).Secondary outcome measures were surgical complications and patient reported outcome measures that were International Knee Documentation Committee(IKDC),Tegner and Lysholm *** We identified 59 patients who underwent 66 All-inside meniscal repairs(32 medial meniscus and 34 Lateral meniscus).Meniscal repairs were performed utilizing FasT-Fix(Smith and Nephew)*** were 37 males and 22 females with an average age of 14 years(range 6-16).The average follow-up time was 53 months(range 26-140).Six patients had concomitant anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery along with the meniscal *** were no requiring further meniscal repairs and 9 patients underwent partial *** mean postoperative IKDC score was 88(44-100),Tegner score was 7(2-10)and Lysholm score was 94(57-100).CONCLUSION Our results showed that arthroscopic repair of meniscal tears in the paediatric population is an effective treatment option that has a low failure rate and good postoperative clinical with the advantage of preserving meniscal tissues.

关键词： Meniscus Meniscal repair Outcome Meniscal preservation

A Survey on Event Tracking in Social Media Data Streams

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Big Data Mining and Analytics 2024年第1期7卷 217-243页

作者： Zixuan Han Leilei Shi Lu Liu Liang Jiang Jiawei Fang Fanyuan Lin Jinjuan Zhang John Panneerselvam nick Antonopoulos School of Computer Science and Communication Engineering and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Security Technology for Industrial Cyberspace Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013China School of Computing and Mathematical Sciences University of LeicesterLeicesterLE17RHUK Ocean College Jiangsu University of Science and TechnologyZhenjiang 212100China University Executive Office Edinburgh Napier UniversityEdinburghEH114BNUK

Social networks are inevitable parts of our daily life,where an unprecedented amount of complex data corresponding to a diverse range of applications are *** such,it is imperative to conduct research on social events and patterns from the perspectives of conventional sociology to optimize services that originate from social *** tracking in social networks finds various applications,such as network security and societal governance,which involves analyzing data generated by user groups on social networks in real ***,as deep learning techniques continue to advance and make important breakthroughs in various fields,researchers are using this technology to progressively optimize the effectiveness of Event Detection(ED)and tracking *** this regard,this paper presents an in-depth comprehensive review of the concept and methods involved in ED and tracking in social *** introduce mainstream event tracking methods,which involve three primary technical steps:ED,event propagation,and event ***,we introduce benchmark datasets and evaluation metrics for ED and tracking,which allow comparative analysis on the performance of mainstream ***,we present a comprehensive analysis of the main research findings and existing limitations in this field,as well as future research prospects and challenges.

关键词： Event Detection(ED) event propagation event evolution social networks

CMOS Temperature Sensors: From Module Design to System Design

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Chinese Journal of Electronics 2024年

作者： Zhong TANG Xiao-Peng YU Zheng SHI Nianxiong nick Tan Vango Technologies Zhejiang Univerisity

In a smart CMOS temperature sensor, the temperature information is converted to an electrical signal, such as voltage, current, or time delay, and then it is digitized by an analog-to-digital converter(ADC). Instead of categorizing sensors according to their sensing elements, this work introduces different CMOS temperature sensors based on their signal processing domains of the readout circuits. To design a suitable sensor for a specific application,two general design methodologies are also introduced with state-of-the-art examples. Depending on the applications,the corresponding types of the sensor and design methodology can be chosen to optimize the performance.

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Efficacy and safety of transvaginal mesh repair in a cohort with a minimum of 10-year follow-up

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第5期67卷 1061-1068页

作者： Zhibo Zhang Jianbin Guo Weijie Tian Ye Zhang Yuelun Zhang Tianshu Sun Jiali Duan Xinmiao Bao Yuan Wang Yang Ye Qianqian Gao Honghui Shi Abraham nick Morse Juan Chen Lan Zhu Departmentof Obstetrics and Gynecology Peking Union MedicalCollege HospitalChinese Academyof Medical Sciences&Peking Union MedicalCollegeNational Clinical Research Center for Obstetricand Gynecologic DiseasesBeijing 100730China Department of Gynecology Guizhou Provincial People’s HospitalMedical College of Guizhou UniversityGuiyang 550002China Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450000China Medical Research Center Peking Union Medical College HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100730China Medical Doctor Program Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100730China Department of Pathology Peking Union Medical College HospitalBeijing 100730China Tufts University School of Medicine Boston MA 02111USA

Although transvaginal mesh(TVM)repair is no longer used in some countries,long-term outcomes after TVM surgery are of great importance ***,reports with follow-up>10 years are ***,this study aimed to report outcomes in a prospective cohort with at least 10 years of *** with stageⅢ–Ⅳsymptomatic prolapse were approached consecutively from 2008 to 2013 at one tertiary *** main outcome measure was symptomatic *** outcomes included anatomic failure,recurrence,patient satisfaction,complications,and *** Kaplan-Meier curve was used to estimate the cumulative failure *** the 121 patients enrolled in the study,103(85.1%)completed a median follow-up of 11 *** estimated probability rates of symptomatic and anatomic failure were 17.6%and 8.8%in 11 years,*** estimated incidence of symptomatic failure increased by 8.2%between 5 and 11 years;however,the corresponding rate for anatomic failure was 3.7%.The most common complication was vaginal mesh exposure,and its estimated probability increased from 19.3%to 28.4%from 5 to 11 years,*** trimming resolved 80.0%of vaginal *** patients did not report decreased overall *** with vaginal mesh exposure requiring>3 office procedures or mesh removal in the operating room(5.8%by 11 years)had lower satisfaction rates(P<0.01)and were defined as having severe mesh *** rates of postoperative pain,reoperation,and Patient Global Impression of Improvement≥2 were 2.5%,3.3%,and 94.2%,*** results of this study implied that TVM treatment gradually increased the symptomatic failure rate but provided durable anatomical support of the vaginal *** mesh exposure was common in women who were largely not sexually active;however,80%of the cases could be managed in the outpatient clinic,which did not affect patient satisfaction.

关键词： complication efficacy long-term follow-up pelvic organ prolapse safety transvaginal mesh