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玉米立茬与粉碎秸秆覆盖对生长季土壤呼吸的影响（英文）

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农业工程学报 2018年第8期34卷 146-155页

作者：贾洪雷李森森王刚张宇刘慧力 michael j.Walsh 吉林大学生物与农业工程学院长春130022 吉林大学工程仿生教育部重点实验室长春130022 吉林大学电子科学与工程学院长春130012 康奈尔大学生物与环境工程系美国纽约伊萨卡14853

农田土壤呼吸(rs)是全球CO_2循环的重要组成部分,生长季土壤呼吸对于作物的产量有巨大的影响,同时,作物残茬的覆盖模式会影响土壤呼吸。该文应用了粉碎秸秆覆盖地表(SH)和立茬覆盖地表(ST)是两种主流的作物残茬覆盖地表模式,自2000年起... 详细信息

农田土壤呼吸(rs)是全球CO_2循环的重要组成部分,生长季土壤呼吸对于作物的产量有巨大的影响,同时,作物残茬的覆盖模式会影响土壤呼吸。该文应用了粉碎秸秆覆盖地表(SH)和立茬覆盖地表(ST)是两种主流的作物残茬覆盖地表模式,自2000年起,玉米收获之后,在试验地块施用这2种作物残茬覆盖地表的模式。自2013年开始,在试验地块测量每年冬季的土壤结冻深度,积雪的厚度与CO_2通量,土壤温度与湿度。总土壤呼吸分为异养呼吸(HR)和根际呼吸(RR),该文使用放射性碳标记技术和数学方程计算异养呼吸和根际呼吸的CO_2通量。试验结果显示,与SH处理相比,ST处理地表平均积雪厚度可以增加44%,最大土壤冻深降低18%,并且冻土完全融化的时间将提前10到27 d。ST与SH的平均CO_2通量分别为16.55和14.02 mmol/m^2h。对于整个生长季,SH与ST的土壤呼吸差别在生长季开始和结束时期较小,在生长季的中期较大。ST的平均rs比SH多3.3 mmol/m^2h,在ST中,HR是rs的主要构成部分,而RR只约占总土壤呼吸10%。冗余分析结果显示,rs和HR与土壤温度和积雪厚度呈正相关,与冻土深度呈负相关。该文的研究结果显示相比较于粉碎秸秆残茬覆盖,立茬覆盖地表有利于提高生长季的土壤呼吸,可为玉米的光合作用提供较多CO_2,这将有利于作物增产。

关键词：土壤呼吸土壤水分立茬覆盖粉碎残茬覆盖生长季节异养呼吸根际呼吸

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受控的空气污染物暴露与心律失常风险

环境与职业医学 2014年第10期31卷 787-787页

作者： jeremy P.Langrish Simon j.Watts Amanda j.Hunter Anoop S.V.Shah jenny A.Bosson jon Unosson Stefan Barath magnus Lundbck Flemming R.Cassee Ken Donaldson Thomas Sandstrm Anders Blomberg David E.Newby nicholas L.mills

[背景]流行病学研究报道了空气污染暴露与心血管疾病发病率和死亡率增加之间的关联。空气污染物暴露可以影响心脏自主神经节律并降低心率变异性,可能增加心律失常的风险,特别是在敏感的患者群体中。[目的]研究在可控制的空气污染物暴露... 详细信息

[背景]流行病学研究报道了空气污染暴露与心血管疾病发病率和死亡率增加之间的关联。空气污染物暴露可以影响心脏自主神经节律并降低心率变异性,可能增加心律失常的风险,特别是在敏感的患者群体中。[目的]研究在可控制的空气污染物暴露期间和之后,统计分析了健康志愿者和冠状动脉心脏疾病患者的心律失常发生率。[方法]分析数据来自13个随机双盲交叉研究,包括282名参加者(140名健康志愿者和142例稳定性冠状动脉心脏疾病患者)的连续心电图记录。记录研究人群每次暴露时发生心律失常的情况。[结果]在稀释的柴油车尾气、木材烟雾、臭氧、浓缩的环境颗粒物、工程碳纳米颗粒或空气污染高环境水平的暴露期间或者之后,无论在健康志愿者或冠状动脉心脏疾病患者中,任何形式心律失常的发生均没有增加。[结论]急性、可控制的空气污染物暴露不增加受试者发生心律失常的短期风险。研究中所采用的这些技术,对于确定涉及空气污染不利影响的重要病理生理途径依然至关重要,并且在为环境和公共卫生政策决策提供信息中也起着重要的作用。

关键词：空气污染物心律失常短期风险健康志愿者患者群体摘要心脏自主神经心脏疾病

对于小儿外科患者来说电子束CT扫描是有价值的安全的显像工具

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（儿科学分册） 2005年第5期1卷 57-58页

作者： Talisetti A. jelnin V. Ruiz C. m. j. Holterman 肖莉 Department of Su rgery University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago IL United StatesDr.

Purpose Electron beam computed tomography (EBCT) is a relatively new technolog y that has been used primarily to detect coronary artery calcification in adult patients. EBCT has several potential advantages over traditional CT: (1) fast ac quisition times resulting in less need for sedation, (2) decreased radiation exp osure, and (3) robust software enabling real-time interactive 3-dimensional vi sualization of anatomic relationships. In this series of case reports, the autho rs describe their initial experience with the use of EBCT in pediatric noncardia c imaging. methods Children with a variety of thoracic and abdominal disease pro cesses were evaluated by EBCT. Results All patients underwent EBCT scanning without the need for sedation, and 3-dimensional images of the data sets were rendered in minutes after their acquisition. The diagnostic image s provided equivalent spatial resolution to the multislice CT scanner but withou t motion artifacts and lower radiation exposure. Conclusions EBCT is a safe, eff ective, and user-and patient-friendly alternative to traditional CT in the car e of pediatric surgical diseases. The diagnostic yield of EBCT will continue to improve with new technologic advances and clinical experience.

关键词：小儿外科 EBCT 腹部疾病三维图像采集装置空间定位诊断率

抗氧化剂和皮质激素治疗重症酒精性肝病的疗效比较:一项随机临床试验

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（胃肠病学分册） 2006年第9期2卷 54-55页

作者： Phillips m. Curtis H. Portmann B. j.O' Grady 宋平 Institute of Liver Studies King's College HospitalDenmark HillLondon SE5 9RSUnited Kingdom

Background/Aims:Severe alcoholic hepatitis is associated with high morbidity and short-term *** are the only widely used therapy but established contraindications to treatment or the risk of serious side-effects limit their *** perceived need for alternative treatments together with the theoretical benefits of anti-oxidant therapy triggered the design of a randomised clinical trial comparing these treatment ***:One hundred and one patients were randomized into a clinical trial of corticosteroids or a novel antioxidant cocktail with a primary endpoint of 30-day ***:At 30 days there were 16 deaths(30%)in the corticosteroid treated group compared with 22 deaths(46%)in the antioxidant treated group(P=0.05).The odds of dying by 30 days were 2.4 greater for patients on antioxidants(95%confidence interval 1.0-5.6).A diagnosis of sepsis was made more frequently in the AO group(P=0.05),although microbiologically proven episodes of infection occurred more often in the CS group(P m of prednisolone 30 mg daily are superior to a broad antioxidant cocktail in the treatment of severe alcoholic hepatitis.

关键词：皮质激素治疗随机临床试验酒精性肝病抗氧化剂疗效比较重症短期死亡率治疗药物

心血管磁共振成像检出的已愈合心肌梗死部位和心电图模式之间的一致性

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（心脏病学分册） 2006年第6期2卷 31-32页

作者： Bayés De Luna A. Cino j.m. Pujadas S. 姜朝晖 Institute of Cardiology Institut Catal de Ciencias Cardiovasculares Service of Cardiology Hospital Sant Pau Barcelona Spain Dr.

Q- wave myocardial infarction(mI) location is generally based on a pathologic correlation first proposed >50 years ago. Despite the proved reliability of contrast- enhanced cardiovascular magnetic resonance(CE- CmR) imaging to detect and locate infarcted areas, no global study has been conducted with the aim of correlating the electrocardiographic(ECG) patterns of Q- wave mI with infarct location. We studied this correlation in 51 patients with ST- elevation acute coronary syndrome who presented with Q waves or equivalents during mI. Seven preestablished ECG patterns that matched with high specificity to 7 different mI locations as detected by CE- CmR imaging were used to assess its value in clinical practice to locate an infarcted area. There were 4 ECG patterns in the anteroseptal zone(23 patients; septal, apical, and/or anteroseptal, extensive anterior, and limited anterolateral) and 3 ECG patterns in the inferolateral zone(28 patients; lateral, inferior, and inferolateral). In conclusion,(1) the predefined ECG patterns we used matched well(86% global concordance) with their corresponding infarction areas as detected by CE- CmR imaging and have real value in clinical practice, and(2) the rs morphology in lead V1 is due to lateral mI and the QS morphology in lead aVL is due to mid- anterior and mid- lateral mI. Therefore, the terms posterior and high lateral infarction are incorrect and should be changed to lateral wall and limited anterolateral wall mI.

关键词：心血管磁共振成像 Q波心肌梗死梗死部位心电图一致性急性冠状动脉综合征愈合检出 ST段抬高型梗死区域

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肌营养不良患者的梭内肌纤维功能保留

世界核心医学期刊文摘（神经病学分册） 2005年第10期1卷 45-46页

作者： Aimonetti j.-m. Ribot-Ciscar E. Rossi-Durand C. 陈海 Laboratoire de Neurobiologie Humaine Universit' e de Provence- CNRS Centre de Saint- Charles 3 Place Victor Hugo 13331 Marseille France Dr.

In a previous study, we showed that patients with muscular dystrophies (mDs) perceive passive movements, experience sensations of illusory movement induced b y muscle tendon vibration, and have proprioceptive- regulated sways in response to vibratory stimulation applied to the neck and ankle muscle tendons. These fi ndings argue for preserved proprioceptive functions of muscle spindles. However, it is unclear whether the function of intrafusal muscle fibers is spared, i.e., whether they retain their ability to contract when submitted to a fusimotor dri ve. To answer this question, we analyzed the effects of reinforcement maneuvers (mental computation and the jendrassik maneuver) that are known to increase musc le spindle sensitivity via fusimotor drive in healthy subjects. Nine patients wi th different mDs participated in the study. Reinforcement maneuvers increased bo th the mean amplitude of the Achilles tendon reflex (187 ± 52.9% of the mean control amplitude) and the sensitivity of muscle spindle afferents to imposed mo vements of the ankle. The same reinforcement maneuvers failed to alter the ampli tude of the Hoffmann reflex in the triceps surae muscle. These results suggest t hat the intrafusal muscle fibers preserve their contractile abilities in slowly progressive mDs. The reasons for a differential impairment of intrafusal and ext rafusal muscle fibers and the clinical implications of the present results are d iscussed.

关键词：肌营养不良梭内肌纤维强化操作复合运动肌梭健康受试者动反应收缩能力小腿三头肌强迫运动

Performance evaluation of operational atmospheric correction algorithms over the East China Seas

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Chinese journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2017年第1期35卷 1-22页

作者： HE Shuangyan[l,2,3] HE mingxia FISCHER jurgen Ocean Remote Sensing Institute Ocean University of China Qingdao 266003 China Institute for Space Sciences Freie Universitdt Berlin Berlin D-12165 Germany Ocean College Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China

To acquire high-quality operational data products for Chinese in-orbit and scheduled ocean color sensors, the performances of two operational atmospheric correction(AC) algorithms(ESA mEGS 7.4.1 and NASA Sea DAS 6.1) were evaluated over the East China Seas(ECS) using mERIS data. The spectral remote sensing reflectance R_(rs)(λ), aerosol optical thickness(AOT), and ?ngstr?m exponent(α) retrieved using the two algorithms were validated using in situ measurements obtained between may 2002 and October 2009. match-ups of R_(rs), AOT, and α between the in situ and mERIS data were obtained through strict exclusion criteria. Statistical analysis of R_(rs)(λ) showed a mean percentage difference(mPD) of 9%–13% in the 490–560 nm spectral range, and significant overestimation was observed at 413 nm(mPD>72%). The AOTs were overestimated(mPD>32%), and although the ESA algorithm outperformed the NASA algorithm in the blue-green bands, the situation was reversed in the red-near-infrared bands. The value of α was obviously underestimated by the ESA algorithm(mPD=41%) but not by the NASA algorithm(mPD=35%). To clarify why the NASA algorithm performed better in the retrieval of α, scatter plots of the α single scattering albedo(SSA) density were prepared. These α-SSA density scatter plots showed that the applicability of the aerosol models used by the NASA algorithm over the ECS is better than that used by the ESA algorithm, although neither aerosol model is suitable for the ECS region. The results of this study provide a reference to both data users and data agencies regarding the use of operational data products and the investigation into the improvement of current AC schemes over the ECS.

关键词： validation remote sensing reflectance aerosol optical thickness ocean color atmospheric correction remote sensing

病毒唑对肾综合征出血热患者特异性抗体应答的影响

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病毒学报 1987年第3期 243-247页

作者：肖书渊,朱宝莲,张美英,郑志明,向近敏,j.m.meegan,j.W.LeDuc,j.W.Huggins,T.Cosgriff,j.I.Smith 湖北医学院病毒研究所湖北医学院病毒研究所湖北医学院病毒研究所湖北医学院病毒研究所湖北医学院病毒研究所美国陆军传染病研究所美国陆军传染病研究所美国陆军传染病研究所美国陆军传染病研究所美国陆军传染病研究所

在用病毒唑(Ribavirin)治疗肾综合征出血热(Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome,HFrs)(以安慰剂作对照)的双盲法临床试验中,用微量酶联免疫吸附技术对确诊的64例患者血清和尿液中特异性IgG及Igm抗体水平进行动态观察与分析,结果发现... 详细信息

在用病毒唑(Ribavirin)治疗肾综合征出血热(Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome,HFrs)(以安慰剂作对照)的双盲法临床试验中,用微量酶联免疫吸附技术对确诊的64例患者血清和尿液中特异性IgG及Igm抗体水平进行动态观察与分析,结果发现,病毒唑治疗组两种血清抗体水平均较安慰剂对照组低(IgG,Pm,Prs患者抗体的生成具有抑制作作用,本文就该作用的原因与后果进行了分析评价。

关键词：肾综合征出血热病毒唑酶联免疫吸附试验血清抗体

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创制猪水泡病疫苗的初步研究

中国兽医科学 1975年第2期 60-68页

作者： mowat G.N. Prince m.j. Spier R.E. Staple R.F Preliminary Studies on the Development of a Swine Vesicular Disease Vaccine 甘肃省兽医研究所

本文报告了猪水泡病病毒的生产、灭能以及用它作成的疫苗对猪的免疫原性。病毒在IB-rs-2系细胞的单层和悬浮培养中都能培养。在两种系统中于大约24小时内都能获得每毫升10至10产斑单位的病毒滴度。目前可用单层细胞系统来大规模生产病毒... 详细信息

本文报告了猪水泡病病毒的生产、灭能以及用它作成的疫苗对猪的免疫原性。病毒在IB-rs-2系细胞的单层和悬浮培养中都能培养。在两种系统中于大约24小时内都能获得每毫升10至10产斑单位的病毒滴度。目前可用单层细胞系统来大规模生产病毒。用AEI在26℃和37℃使病毒灭能都表现是按照一级反应进行的。在大量样品的试验证实用这种药品灭能的病毒悬浮液是安全的。用BPL灭能时,即令是用高到0.25％的浓度,也未能生产不含感染性病毒的产品。用氢氧化铝和皂角甙或者油作为佐剂并含组织培养液1.0毫升的抗原作成的疫苗能对强烈的攻击提供高度的保护力。注射氢氧化铝—皂角甙疫苗和油质疫苗的试验猪的病损评分分别为0.7和0.4分,与此相比,一个未免疫的对照组的病损评分则为14.3分。免疫后形成的免疫球蛋白遵循在其他小核糖核酸病毒所见的Igm和IgG图案。

关键词：猪水泡病病毒氢氧化铝口蹄疫病毒 AEI 氢氧化物鼻病毒疫苗免疫皂角甙