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Review on laser directed energy deposited aluminum alloys

International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing 2024年第2期6卷 84-131页

作者： Tian-Shu Liu Peng Chen Feng Qiu Hong-Yu Yang nicholas tan yew jin.youxiang chew Di Wang Ruidi Li Qi-Chuan Jiang Chaolin tan Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology(SIMTech) Agency for ScienceTechnology and Research(A∗STAR)5 Cleantech LoopSingapore 636732Singapore State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control Jilin UniversityChangchun 130025People’s Republic of China Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials Ministry of Education and Department of Materials Science and EngineeringJilin UniversityChangchun 130025People’s Republic of China School of Mechanical&Automotive Engineering South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510640People’s Republic of China State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy Central South UniversityChangsha 410083People’s Republic of China

Lightweight aluminum(Al)alloys have been widely used in frontier fields like aerospace and automotive industries,which attracts great interest in additive manufacturing(AM)to process high-value Al *** a mainstream AM technique,laser-directed energy deposition(LDED)shows good scalability to meet the requirements for large-format component manufacturing and ***,LDED Al alloys are highly challenging due to their inherent poor printability(*** laser absorption,high oxidation sensitivity and cracking tendency).To further promote the development of LDED high-performance Al alloys,this review offers a deep understanding of the challenges and strategies to improve printability in LDED Al *** porosity,cracking,distortion,inclusions,element evaporation and resultant inferior mechanical properties(worse than laser powder bed fusion)are the key challenges in LDED Al *** parameter optimizations,in-situ alloy design,reinforcing particle addition and field assistance are the efficient approaches to improving the printability and performance of LDED Al *** underlying correlations between processes,alloy innovation,characteristic microstructures,and achievable performances in LDED Al alloys are *** benchmark mechanical properties and primary strengthening mechanism of LDED Al alloys are *** review aims to provide a critical and in-depth evaluation of current progress in LDED Al *** opportunities and perspectives in LDED high-performance Al alloys are also outlined.

关键词： additive manufacturing laser directed energy deposition(LDED) aluminum alloys printability aluminum matrix composite auxiliary fields mechanical properties

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Ocular image-based deep learning for predicting refractive error:A systematic review

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Advances in Ophthalmology Practice and Research 2024年第3期4卷 164-172页

作者： Samantha Min Er yew Yibing Chen Jocelyn Hui Lin Goh David Ziyou Chen Marcus Chun jin tan Ching-Yu Cheng Victor Teck Chang Koh Yih Chung Tham Department of Ophthalmology Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore Centre for Innovation and Precision Eye Health Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore School of Chemistry Chemical Engineeringand BiotechnologyNanyang Technological UniversitySingapore Singapore Eye Research Institute Singapore National Eye CentreSingapore Department of Ophthalmology National University HospitalSingapore Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences(Eye ACP) Duke-NUS Medical SchoolSingapore

ackground:Uncorrected refractive error is a major cause of vision impairment worldwide and its increasing prevalent necessitates effective screening and management ***,deep learning,a subset of Artificial Intelligence,has significantly advanced ophthalmological diagnostics by automating tasks that required extensive clinical *** recent studies have investigated the use of deep learning models for refractive power detection through various imaging techniques,a comprehensive systematic review on this topic is has yet be *** review aims to summarise and evaluate the performance of ocular image-based deep learning models in predicting refractive *** text:We search on three databases(PubMed,Scopus,Web of Science)up till June 2023,focusing on deep learning applications in detecting refractive error from ocular *** included studies that had reported refractive error outcomes,regardless of publication *** systematically extracted and evaluated the continuous outcomes(sphere,SE,cylinder)and categorical outcomes(myopia),ground truth measurements,ocular imaging modalities,deep learning models,and performance metrics,adhering to PRISMA *** studies were identified and categorised into three groups:retinal photo-based(n=5),OCT-based(n=1),and external ocular photo-based(n=3).For high myopia prediction,retinal photo-based models achieved AUC between 0.91 and 0.98,sensitivity levels between 85.10%and 97.80%,and specificity levels between 76.40%and 94.50%.For continuous prediction,retinal photo-based models reported MAE ranging from 0.31D to 2.19D,and R^(2) between 0.05 and *** OCT-based model achieved an AUC of 0.79–0.81,sensitivity of 82.30%and 87.20%and specificity of 61.70%–68.90%.For external ocular photo-based models,the AUC ranged from 0.91 to 0.99,sensitivity of 81.13%–84.00%and specificity of 74.00%–86.42%,MAE ranges from 0.07D to 0.18D and accuracy ranges from 81.60%to 96.70%.The reported papers colle

关键词： Deep Learning Artificial Intelligence Refractive Error Retinal images Optical Coherence Tomography Photorefraction Ocular images Prediction

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Ultra-precision Machining of Micro-step Pillar Array Using a Straight-Edge Milling Tool

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Nanomanufacturing and Metrology 2020年第4期3卷 260-268页

作者： Kui Liu Hu Wu Rui Huang nicholas yew jin tan Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology 73 Nanyang DriveSingapore 637662Singapore National University of Singapore 21 Lower Kent Ridge RoadSingapore 119077Singapore

Ultra-precision machining has been well known as a very precise and effective way to prototype and fabricate different types of components with *** this paper,an ultra-precision micro-milling method has been presented to produce a micro-step pillar array as an embossing mold for semiconductor *** analysis on machining mechanics indicates that work material property,machining strategy,and cutting tool geometry largely afFect machining distortion on the machined *** investigation has been conducted on micromachining of the micro-step pillar array using different types of cutting tools and work *** results demonstrate that the material property,cutting tool edge radius,and cutting force play a significant role in the machined micro-structure accuracy and surface finish,while grain boundary of brass has no significant effect on the micro-milling *** best outcome among the tests done is achieved when using brass as work material and cutting with a straight-edge single crystalline diamond *** main reasons to achieve this outcome are based on:the brass material having a higher elastic modulus and the diamond tool having a smaller cutting edge radius,which contributes to better machinability of *** micro-step pillar array has been successfully obtained with very precise feature and dimensional accuracy using brass work material and single-crystal diamond *** is believed that the outcomes of this study would largely benefit the research community and end-users.

关键词： Single-crystalline diamond Ultra-precision Milling Micro-step pillar Brass

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Schistosomiasis transmission in Zimbabwe:Modelling based on machine learning

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2024年第4期9卷 1081-1094页

作者： Hong-Mei Li jin-Xin Zheng nicholas Midzi Masceline Jenipher Mutsaka-Makuvaza Shan Lv Shang Xia Ying-jun Qian Ning Xiao Robert Berguist Xiao-Nong Zhou National Institute of Parasitic Diseases Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention(Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research)NHC Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector BiologyWHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical DiseasesNational Center for International Research on Tropical DiseasesShanghai200025China National Institute of Health Research Ministry of Health and Child CareHarareZimbabwe University of Rwanda College of Medicine and Health SciencesSchool of Medicine and PharmacyDepartment of Microbiology and ParasitologyRwanda Ingerod 407 SE-45494BrastadSweden

Zimbabwe,located in Southern Africa,faces a significant public health challenge due to *** investigated this issue with emphasis on risk prediction of schistosomiasis for the entire *** this end,we reviewed available data on schistosomiasis in Zimbabwe from a literature search covering the 1980-2022 period considering the potential impact of 26 environmental and socioeconomic variables obtained from public *** studied the population requiring praziquantel with regard to whether or not mass drug administration(MDA)had been regularly *** machinelearning algorithms were tested for their ability to predict the prevalence of schistosomiasis in Zimbabwe based on the mean absolute error(MAE),the root mean squared error(RMSE)and the coefficient of determination(R2).The findings revealed different roles of the 26 factors with respect to transmission and there were particular variations between Schistosoma haematobium and *** *** found that the top-five correlation factors,such as the past(rather than current)time,unsettled MDA implementation,constrained economy,high rainfall during the warmest season,and high annual precipitation were closely associated with higher *** prevalence,while lower elevation,high rainfall during the warmest season,steeper slope,past(rather than current)time,and higher minimum temperature in the coldest month were rather related to higher *** *** random forest(RF)algorithm was considered as the formal best model construction method,with MAE=0.108;RMSE=0.143;and R^(2)=0.517 for ***,and with the corresponding figures for *** being 0.053;0.082;and *** on this optimal model,the current total schistosomiasis prevalence in Zimbabwe under MDA implementation was 19.8%,with that of *** at 13.8% and that of *** at 7.1%,requiring annual MDA based on a population of 3,003,*** MDA,the current total schistosomiasis prevalence would

关键词： Machine-learning Transmission risk model Schistosomiasis Zimbabwe

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Optimization of operational strategies for rich gas enhanced oil recovery based on a pilot test in the Bakken tight oil reservoir

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Petroleum Science 2023年第5期20卷 2921-2938页

作者： Xincheng Wan Lu jin nicholas A.Azzolina jin Zhao Xue Yu Steven A.Smith James A.Sorensen Energy&Environmental Research Center University of North Dakota15 North 23rd StreetStop 9018Grand ForksND58202-9018USA

Horizontal well drilling and multistage hydraulic fracturing have been demonstrated as effective approaches for stimulating oil production in the Bakken tight oil ***,after multiple years of production,primary oil recovery in the Bakken is generally less than 10%of the estimated original oil in *** huff‘n’puff(HnP)has been tested in the Bakken Formation as an enhanced oil recovery(EOR)method;however,most field pilot test results showed no significant incremental oil *** of the factors affecting HnP EOR performance is premature gas breakthrough,which is one of the most critical issues observed in the field because of the presence of interwell ***,injected gas rapidly reaches adjacent production wells without contacting reservoir rock and increasing oil *** conformance control is therefore needed to avoid early gas breakthrough and improve EOR *** this study,a rich gas EOR pilot in the Bakken was carefully analyzed to collect the essential reservoir and operational data.A simulation model with 16 wells was then developed to reproduce the production history and predict the EOR performance with and without conformance *** operational strategies,including single-and multiple-well HnP,with different gas injection constraints were *** simulation results of single-well HnP without conformance control showed that a rich gas injection rate of at least 10 MMscfd was needed to yield meaningful incremental oil *** strategy of conformance control via water injection could significantly improve oil production in the HnP well,but injecting an excessive amount of water also leads to water breakthrough and loss of oil production in the offset *** analyzing the production performance of the wells individually,the arrangement of wells was optimized for multiple-well HnP *** multiwell results showed that rich gas EOR could improve oil production up to 7.4%by employing confor

关键词： Rich gas injection Bakken tight oil reservoir EOR strategies Conformance control Embedded discrete fracture model

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Food safety inspection and the adoption of traceability in aquatic wholesale markets: A game-theoretic model and empirical evidence

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2021年第10期20卷 2807-2819页

作者： jin Cang-yu Retsef LEVI LIANG Qiao nicholas RENEGAR ZHOU Jie-hong China Academy for Rural Development School of Public AffairsZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058P.R.China Sloan School of Management Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA 02139USA Operations Research Center Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA 02139USA

Supply chain traceability is key to reduce food safety risks,since it allows problems to be traced to their sources. Moreover,it allows regulatory agencies to understand where risk is introduced into the supply chain,and offers a major disincentive for upstream agricultural businesses engaging in economically motivated adulteration. This paper focuses on the aquatic supply chain in China,and seeks to understand the adoption of traceability both through an analytical model,and empirical analysis based on data collected through an extensive (largest ever) field survey of Chinese aquatic wholesale markets. The field survey includes 76 managers and 753 vendors,covering all aquatic wholesale markets in Zhejiang and Hunan provinces. The analytical and empirical results suggest that the adoption of traceability among wholesale market vendors is significantly associated with inspection intensity,their individual history of food safety problems,and their risk awareness. The effect of inspection intensity on traceability adoption is stronger in markets which are privately owned than in markets with state/collective ownership. The analysis offers insights into the current state of traceability in China. More importantly,it suggests several hypothesized factors that might affect the adoption of traceability and could be leveraged by regulatory organizations to improve it.

关键词： food safety traceability supply chain wholesale markets China

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Finite element analysis of tibio-femoral contact mechanics of a customised knee spacer

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Biosurface and Biotribology 2022年第2期8卷 121-128页

作者： Alex C.T.Choh Andy yew Seng jin Yeo Desmond Y.R.Chong Shi-Lu Chia Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Singapore General HospitalSingaporeSingapore Engineering Cluster Singapore Institute of TechnologySingaporeSingapore

With one-third of patients having osteoarthritis predominantly in one compartment of the knee,unicompartmental knee spacers have been introduced as a less invasive alternative to total knee ***,patients with the knee spacer implanted were seen to have persistent pain,resulting in high revision rates.A static finite element model of the knee and its interaction with a knee spacer implant at full extension and 90°flexion was used to investigate the tibio-femoral contact mechanics of the knee joint after a knee spacer *** different knee spacer designs(contoured,flat and C-shaped)were modelled and prescribed with cobalt-chrome,ultra-high molecular polyethylene and polyurethane material *** results suggested that a softer spacer is generally preferred as this helps in the conformity of knee spacer to the condyle,effectively distributing the load subjected to the *** spacers that result in high stresses resulting from lower contact areas should be avoided.

关键词： biomechanics contact pressure finite element analysis knee spacer

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Forecasting of in situ electron energy loss spectroscopy

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npj Computational Materials 2022年第1期8卷 2400-2408页

作者： nicholas R.Lewis Yicheng jin Xiuyu tang Vidit Shah Christina Doty Bethany E.Matthews Sarah Akers Steven R.Spurgeon Department of Chemical Engineering University of WashingtonSeattleWA98195USA National Security Directorate Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryRichlandWA99352USA Energy and Environment Directorate Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryRichlandWA99352USA Department of Physics University of WashingtonSeattleWA98195USA

Forecasting models are a central part of many control systems,where high-consequence decisions must be made on long latency control *** models are particularly relevant for emerging artificial intelligence(AI)-guided instrumentation,in which prescriptive knowledge is needed to guide autonomous *** we describe the implementation of a long short-term memory model(LSTM)for forecasting in situ electron energy loss spectroscopy(EELS)data,one of the richest analytical probes of materials and chemical *** describe key considerations for data collection,preprocessing,training,validation,and benchmarking,showing how this approach can yield powerful predictive insight into order-disorder phase ***,we comment on how such a model may integrate with emerging AI-guided instrumentation for powerful high-speed experimentation.

关键词： consequence autonomous transitions

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Passive Smoking During the Periconceptional Period and Risk for Neural Tube Defects in Offspring—Five Counties,Shanxi Province,China,2010–2016

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China CDC weekly 2021年第37期3卷 778-782页

作者： Yali Zhang Jufen Liu Le Zhang Lei jin nicholas D E Greene Zhiwen Li Aiguo Ren Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of ChinaPeking UniversityBeijingChina Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public HealthPeking UniversityBeijingChina UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health University College LondonLondonUK.

Summary What is already known about this topic?Passive smoking during pregnancy,which is prevalent in China,has been reported to be associated with an increased risk for neural tube defects(NTDs)in five counties of Shanxi Province in northern *** is added by this report?After 4 years since the implementation of the World Health Organization(WHO)Framework Convention on Tobacco Control(FCTC)in China.

关键词： China. Shanxi Period

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Orofacial Clefts in High Prevalence Area of Birth Defects—Five Counties,Shanxi Province,China,2000–2020

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China CDC weekly 2021年第37期3卷 773-777页

作者： Jufen Liu Yali Zhang Le Zhang Linlin Wang Lei jin nicholas D E Greene Zhiwen Li Aiguo Ren Institute of Reproductive and Child Health/Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of ChinaPeking UniversityBeijingChina Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public HealthPeking UniversityBeijingChina UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health University College LondonLondonUK.

Summary What is already known on this topic?The prevalence of structural birth defects,especially neural tube defects,decreased after national folic acid(FA)supplementation *** is added by this report?The prevalence of orofacial clefts(OFCs)in five counties of Shanxi Province in northern China,including most subtypes except cleft palate,showed a downward trend in the past two *** this study,pre-perinatal prevalence increased due to earlier detection.

关键词： Shanxi defects downward

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