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Seasonal resource selection of an arboreal habitatspecialist in a human-dominated landscape: A case studyusing red panda

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Current Zoology 2023年第1期69卷 1-11页

作者： Damber Bista Greg S.Baxter nicholas j.hudson Peter j.Murray School of Agriculture and Food Sciences(Wildlife Science Unit) The University of QueenslandGattonQLD 4343Australia School of Agriculture and Environmental Science University of Southern QueenslandDarling HeightsQLD 4350Australia

Human-dominated landscapes provide heterogeneous wildlife habitat. Conservation of habitat specialists, like red pandas Ailurus fulgens, inhabiting such landscapes is challenging. Therefore, information on resource use across spatial and temporal scales could enable informed-decisionmaking with better conservation outcomes. We aimed to examine the effect of geo-physical, vegetation, and disturbance variables on fine-scalehabitat selection of red pandas in one such landscape. We equipped 10 red pandas with GPS collars in eastern Nepal in 2019 and monitoredthem for 1 year. Our analysis was based on a generalized-linear-mixed model. We found the combined effect of geo-physical, vegetation, anddisturbance variables resulted in differences in resource selection of red pandas and that the degree of response to these variables variedacross seasons. Human disturbances, especially road and cattle herding activities, affected habitat utilization throughout the year whereas othervariables were important only during restricted periods. For instance, geo-physical variables were influential in the premating and cub-rearingseasons while vegetation variables were important in all seasons other than premating. Red pandas selected steeper slopes with high solarinsolation in the premating season while they occupied elevated areas and preferred specific aspects in the cub-rearing season. Furthermore,the utilized areas had tall bamboo in the birthing and cub-rearing seasons while they also preferred diverse tree species and high shrub coverin the latter. Our study demonstrates the significance of season-specific management, suggests the importance of specific types of vegetationduring biologically crucial periods, and emphasizes the necessity to minimize disturbances throughout the year.

关键词： Ailurus fulgens anthropogenic disturbances habitat specialists habitat utilization resource use spatio-temporal variation vegetation

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Patterns of tsetse abundance and trypanosome infection rates among habitats of surveyed villages in Maasai steppe of northern Tanzania

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2017年第1期6卷 1111-1122页

作者： Anibariki Ngonyoka Paul S.Gwakisa Anna B.Estes Linda P.Salekwa Happiness j.Nnko Peter j.hudson Isabella M.Cattadori School of Life Sciences and Bioengineering Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and TechnologyP.O.Box 447ArushaTanzania Genome Sciences Center Department of MicrobiologyParasitology and Immunology.College of Veterinary and Medical SciencesSokoine University of AgricultureMorogoroTanzania Centre for Infectious Disease Dynamics The Huck Institutes of the Life SciencesThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkUSA Department of Conservation Biology School of Biological SciencesUniversity of DodomaDodomaTanzania Department of Geography and Environmental studies University of DodomaDodomaTanzania

Background:Changes of land cover modify the characteristics of habitat,host-vector interaction and consequently infection rates of disease causing *** this paper,we report variations in tsetse distribution patterns,abundance and infection rates in relation to habitat types and age in the Maasai Steppe of northern *** Africa,Tsetse-transmitted trypanosomiasis negatively impacted human life where about 40 million people are at risk of contracting the disease with dramatic socio-economical consequences,for instance,loss of livestock,animal productivity,and ***:We trapped tsetse flies in dry and wet seasons between October 2014 and May 2015 in selected habitats across four villages:Emboreet,Loiborsireet,Kimotorok and Oltukai adjacent to protected *** collected include number and species of tsetse flies caught in baited traps,PCR identification of trypanosome species and extraction of monitored Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI)data from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer(MODIS).Results:Our findings demonstrate the variation of tsetse fly species abundance and infection rates among habitats in surveyed villages in relation to NDVI and host *** have shown higher tsetse fly abundance in Acacia-swampy ecotone and riverine habitats for Emboreet and other villages,*** abundance was inconsistent among habitats in different *** was highly infested with Glossina swynnertoni(68%)in ecotone and swampy habitats followed by ***(28%)and ***(4%)in riverine *** the remaining villages,the dominant tsetse fly species by 95%was *** in all *** vivax was the most prevalent species in all infected flies(95%)with few observations of co-infections(with *** or ***).Conclusions:The findings of this study provide a framework to mapping hotspots of tsetse infestation and trypanosomiasis infection and enhance the communities to plan for effect

关键词： Habitat variability Tsetse fly Host availability Infection rate Trypanosomes

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Dielectric confinement on exciton binding energy and nonlinear optical properties in a strained Zn_(1-x_(in))Mg_(x(in))Se/Zn_(1-x(out))Mg_(x(out))Se quantum well

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journal of Semiconductors 2012年第9期33卷 1-7页

作者： j.Abraham hudson Mark A.john Peter Department of Physics NPR Arts&Science CollegeNathamDindigul-624401India Department of Physics Government Arts CollegeMelur-625106MaduraiIndia

The band offsets for a Zn1-xin Mgxin Se/Zn1-xout Mgxout Se quantum well heterostructure are determined using the model solid theory. The heavy hole exciton binding energies are investigated with various Mg alloy contents. The effect of mismatch between the dielectric constants between the well and the barrier is taken into account. The dependence of the excitonic transition energies on the geometrical confinement and the Mg alloy is discussed. Non-linear optical properties are determined using the compact density matrix approach. The linear, third order non-linear optical absorption coefficient values and the refractive index changes of the exciton are calculated for different concentrations of magnesium. The results show that the occurred blue shifts of the resonant peak due to the Mg incorporation give the information about the variation of two energy levels in the quantum well width.

关键词： interband emission energy exciton binding energy quantum well

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Heart healthy equals prostate healthy and statins, aspirin, and/or metformin （S.A.M.） are the ideal recommendations for prostate cancer prevention

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Asian journal of Andrology 2015年第5期17卷 783-791,I0008页

作者： Mark A Moyad nicholas j Vogelzang Department of Urology University of Michigan Medical Center Ann Arbor Michigan USA Developmental Therapeutics Committee and Genitourinary Committee for US Oncology Research Comprehensive Cancer Centers of Nevada Las Vegas Nevada USA

Cardiovascular disease （CVD） has been the number one cause of death in the U.S. for 114 of the last 115 years. Lifestyle factors that promote CVD also appear to increase prostate cancer risk and those that reduce CVD risk also appear to reduce the risk of prostate cancer. The largest randomized trials utilizing dietary supplements or pharmacologic agents for prostate cancer prevention （Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial [SELECT]） have also shed light on the problems and future solutions in this area. Dietary supplements that have not been found to be CVD protective, such as selenium and Vitamin E have not been found to be prostate protective. In addition, over exposure to specific anti-oxidants in nutritionally replete populations may be encouraging cancer growth. Futuretrials of dietary supplements to prevent prostate cancer could be problematic because by the time a definitive trial is initiated the participants will no longer be ＂deficient＂ in the nutrient being tested, which arguably occurred in the SELECT trial. It is also interesting that statins, aspirin, and/or metformin （S.A.M.） are 3 generic, low-cost, heart healthy agents derived from natural sources with separate mechanism of actions, which all appear to have the best benefit to risk ratio compared to any other agent available for prostate cancer prevention, especially aggressive disease, or as an ancillary agent （s） to conventional cancer treatment. It is time to focus on the forest over the trees and recommend proven CVD protective measures for men concerned about their risk of prostate cancer.

关键词： aspirin diet lifestyle metformin prostate cancer statins

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Assessment of mercury(II) bioavailability using a bioluminescent bacterial biosensor: Practical and theoretical challenges

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journal of Environmental Sciences 2010年第8期22卷 1137-1143页

作者： Paulo R G Barrocas William M Landing Robert j M hudson Department of Sanitation and Environmental Health National School of Public Health Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Department of Oceanography Florida State University. Tallahassee Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences University of Illinois

Critical methodological challenges in the microbial biosensor approach to assessing Hg（II） bioavailability were evaluated from the perspective of analytical chemists. The main challenge stems from the fact that the chemical speciation of Hg（II） in natural waters exerts a major control on its bioavailability, yet its natural complexation equilibria are extensively altered during conventional bioassays. New data, obtained using a bioluminescent Hg（II）-biosensor, that illustrate these challenges are presented and potential solutions proposed.

关键词： mercury bioavailability biosensor chemical speciation bioluminescent

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Teleseismic waves reveal anisotropic poroelastic response of wastewater disposal reservoir

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2021年第6期5卷 547-558页

作者： Andrew j Barbour nicholas M Beeler u.s.geological survey earthquake science centerusa

Connecting earthquake nucleation in basement rock to fluid injection in basal,sedimentary reservoirs,depends heavily on choices related to the poroelastic properties of the fluid-rock system,thermo-chemical effects *** constraints on these parameters outside of laboratory settings are rare,and it is commonly assumed that the rock layers are *** the Arbuckle wastewater disposal reservoir in Osage County,Oklahoma,high-frequency formation pressure changes and collocated broadband ground velocities measured during the passing of large teleseismic waves show a poroelastic response of the reservoir that is both azimuthally variable and anisotropic;this includes evidence of static shifts in pressure that presumably relate to changes in local *** azimuthal dependence in both the static response and shear coupling appears related to tectonic stress and strain indicators such as the orientations of the maximum horizontal stress and faults and *** dynamic strains from a nearby borehole strainmeter,we show that the ratio of shear to volumetric strain coupling is~0.41 which implies a mean Skempton's coefficient of A=0.24 over the plausible range of the undrained Poisson's *** these observations are made at relatively low confining pressure and differential stress,we suggest that the hydraulically conductive fracture network is a primary control on the coupling between pore pressure diffusion and elastic stresses in response to natural or anthropogenic sources.

关键词： poroelasticity dynamic strain anisotropy wastewater disposal Oklahoma induced seismicity

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Breaking the biotrophic interfacial complex:How genome editing can lead to rice blast resistance

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Molecular Plant 2023年第8期16卷 1243-1245页

作者： Vincent Were nicholas j.Talbot The Sainsbury Laboratory University of East AngliaNorwich Research ParkNorwich NR47UHUK

Genome editing is a transformational technology—by precisely altering the coding or regulatory sequence of a specific gene,it is now possible to change specific traits within a wide variety of *** a consequence,plant breeding can be taken to a new level of precision,and many countries are moving rapidly to adopt new legislation to permit genome editing(Greenwood et al.,2023).However,genome editing has so far seldom been used to develop disease-resistant *** is because plant immunity often depends on single dominant resistance genes,which encode immune receptors that recognize secreted effectors deployed by plant pathogens(jones and Dangl,2006).In this context,genetic modification has proven to be a much more powerful technology so far to introduce these genes from distinct varieties,or even different species,to develop disease resistant crop species(Greenwood et al.,2023),especially when multiple disease-resistance loci can be introduced together to provide more durable resistance(Luo et al.,2021).Genome editing can be used in an innovative way to resurrect previously effective resistance genes(Contreras et al.,2023),but it has been less effective at introducing new forms of disease resistance to crops.

关键词： breeding resistance editing

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Integrating volunteered smartphone data with multispectral remote sensing to estimate forest fuels

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International journal of Digital Earth 2016年第2期9卷 171-196页

作者： Colin j.Ferster nicholas C.Coops Department of Forest Resources Management University of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada

Volunteered data sources are readily available due to advances in electronic communications *** example,smartphones provide tools to collect ground-based observations over broad areas from a diverse set of data collectors,including people with,and without,extensive *** this study,volunteers used a smartphone application to collect ground-based *** structural components were then estimated over a broader area using high spatial resolution RapidEye remote sensing imagery(5 spectral bands 440–850 nm,5 m spatial resolution)and a digital elevation model following a three nearest neighbor approach(K-NN).Participants with professional forestry experience on average chose highpriority fuel load locations near buildings,while nonprofessional participants chose a broader range of conditions over a larger *** used together,the professional and nonprofessional observations provided a more complete assessment of forest conditions.A generalized framework is presented that utilizes K-NN imputation tools for estimating the distribution of forest fuels using remote sensing and topography variables,ensuring spatial representation,checking attribute accuracy,and evaluating predictor *** to integrate volunteered data from smartphone platforms with remote sensing may contribute toward more complete Earth observation for Digital Earth.

关键词： citizen science public participation in scientific research mobile RapidEye red edge WUI

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Thalidomide ameliorates portal hypertension via nitric oxide synthase independent reduced systolic blood pressure

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第14期21卷 4126-4135页

作者： nicholas G Theodorakis Yining N Wang Vyacheslav A Korshunov Mary A Maluccio nicholas j Skill Division of Transplant Surgery Department of SurgerySchool of MedicineIndiana University School of Medicine University of Rochester

AIM: Portal hypertension is a common complication of liver cirrhosis and significantly increases mortality and *** reports have suggested that the compound thalidomide attenuates portal hypertension(PHT).However, the mechanism for this action is not fully *** hypothesis is that thalidomide destabilizes tumor necrosis factor α(TNFα) mR NA and therefore diminishes TNFα induction of nitric oxide synthase(NOS) and the production of nitric oxide(NO).To examine this hypothesis, we utilized the murine partial portal vein ligation(PVL) PHT model in combination with endothelial or inducible NOS isoform gene knockout ***: Wild type, inducible nitric oxide synthase(i NOS)-/- and endothelial nitric oxide synthase(e NOS)-/-mice received either PVL or sham surgery and were given either thalidomide or *** nitrate(total nitrate, NOx) was measured daily for 7 d as a surrogate of NO *** TNFα level was quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent ***α m RNA was quantified in liver and aorta tissue by reverse transcription-polymerase chain *** was determined by recording splenic pulp pressure(SPP) and abdominal aortic flow after 0-7 *** to thalidomide was determined by measurement of SPP and mean arterial pressure(MAP).RESULTS: SPP, abdominal aortic flow(Qao) and plasma NOx were increased in wild type and i NOS-/-PVL mice when compared to sham operated control *** contrast, SPP, Qao and plasma NOx were not increased in e NOS-/- PVL mice when compared to sham *** TNFα level in both sham and PVL mice was below the detection limit of the commercial ELISA ***, the effect of thalidomide on serum TNFα levels was undetermined in wild type, e NOS-/-or i NOS-/- *** acutely increased plasma NOx in wild type and e NOS-/- mice but not i NOS-/-***, thalidomide temporarily(0-90 min) decreased mean arterial pressure, SPP and Qao in wild type, e NOS-/- and i NOS-/- PVL mice, aft

关键词： Portal hypertension Thalidomide Nitric oxide Knock

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Putting PLX5622 into perspective:microglia in central nervous system viral infection

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第6期18卷 1269-1270页

作者： Alanna G.Spiteri nicholas j.C.King Viral Immunopathology Laboratory InfectionImmunity and Inflammation Research ThemeSchool of Medical SciencesFaculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia Sydney Cytometry The University of Sydney and Centenary InstituteSydneyNSWAustralia Ramaciotti Facility for Human Systems Biology The University of Sydney and Centenary InstituteSydneyNSWAustralia Charles Perkins Centre The University of SydneyAustralia The University of Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases The University of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia The University of Sydney Nano Institute the University of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia

Elucidating the exact contribution of microglia to central nervous system(CNS)pathology has historically been extremely *** resident parenchymal myeloid cells are considered to have critical roles as frontline responders during pathogen invasion and CNS ***,understanding the precise temporal kinetics of microglial function is central to the evolution of novel therapeutics for disease intervention and/or resolution(Spiteri et al.,2022a).The development of PLX5622,a colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor(CSF-1R)inhibitor typically formulated into a rodent chow for simple oral administration has facilitated exploration of microglial functions in disease(Spangenberg et al.,2019).

关键词： invasion system precise

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