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International j.urnal of Digital Earth 2016年第2期9卷 171-196页

作者： Colin j.Ferster nicholas C.Coops Department of Forest Resources Management University of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada

Volunteered data sources are readily available due to advances in electronic communications *** example,smartphones provide tools to collect ground-based observations over broad areas from a diverse set of data collectors,including people with,and without,extensive *** this study,volunteers used a smartphone application to collect ground-based *** structural components were then estimated over a broader area using high spatial resolution RapidEye remote sensing imagery(5 spectral bands 440–850 nm,5 m spatial resolution)and a digital elevation model following a three nearest neighbor approach(K-NN).Participants with professional forestry experience on average chose highpriority fuel load locations near buildings,while nonprofessional participants chose a broader range of conditions over a larger *** used together,the professional and nonprofessional observations provided a more complete assessment of forest conditions.A generalized framework is presented that utilizes K-NN imputation tools for estimating the distribution of forest fuels using remote sensing and topography variables,ensuring spatial representation,checking attribute accuracy,and evaluating predictor *** to integrate volunteered data from smartphone platforms with remote sensing may contribute toward more complete Earth observation for Digital Earth.

关键词： citizen science public participation in scientific research mobile RapidEye red edge WUI

Network analysis to inform invasive species spread among lakes

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j.urnal of Oceanology and Limnology 2019年第3期37卷 1037-1041页

作者： ESCOBAR Luis E. ROMERO-ALVAREZ Daniel LARKIN Daniel j. PHELPS nicholas B. D. Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation Virginia TechBlacksburgVirginiaUSA Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology-Biodiversity Institute University of KansasLawrenceUSA Department of Fisheries Wildlifeand Conservation BiologyUniversity of MinnesotaSt.PaulMinnesotaUSA Minnesota Aquatic Invasive Species Research Center University of MinnesotaSt.PaulMinnesotaUSA

Often facilitated by human-mediated pathways,aquatic invasive species are a threat to the health and biodiversity of global *** present a novel approach incorporating survey data of watercraft movement in a social network analysis to reconstruct potential pathways of aquatic invasive species spread between *** an example,we use the green alga Nitellopsis obtusa,also known as starry stonewort,an aquatic invasive species affecting the Great Lakes region in the United States and *** movement of algal fragments via human-mediated pathways(i.e.,watercraft)has been hypothesized as the primary driver of starry stonewort *** used survey data collected at boat ramps during the 2013 and 2014 openwater seasons to describe the flow of watercraft from Lake Koronis,where *** was first detected in Minnesota,to other lakes in the *** results suggest that the risk of *** expansion is not highly constrained by geographic proximity and management efforts should consider highly connected *** human movement via network analysis may help to explain past and future routes of aquatic invasive species infestation between lakes and can improve evidence-based prevention and control efforts.

关键词： Nitellopsis obtusa starry stonewort lake network invasion

Thalidomide ameliorates portal hypertension via nitric oxide synthase independent reduced systolic blood pressure

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World j.urnal of Gastroenterology 2015年第14期21卷 4126-4135页

作者： nicholas G Theodorakis Yining N Wang Vyacheslav A Korshunov Mary A Maluccio nicholas j.Skill Division of Transplant Surgery Department of SurgerySchool of MedicineIndiana University School of Medicine University of Rochester

AIM: Portal hypertension is a common complication of liver cirrhosis and significantly increases mortality and *** reports have suggested that the compound thalidomide attenuates portal hypertension(PHT).However, the mechanism for this action is not fully *** hypothesis is that thalidomide destabilizes tumor necrosis factor α(TNFα) mR NA and therefore diminishes TNFα induction of nitric oxide synthase(NOS) and the production of nitric oxide(NO).To examine this hypothesis, we utilized the murine partial portal vein ligation(PVL) PHT model in combination with endothelial or inducible NOS isoform gene knockout ***: Wild type, inducible nitric oxide synthase(i NOS)-/- and endothelial nitric oxide synthase(e NOS)-/-mice received either PVL or sham surgery and were given either thalidomide or *** nitrate(total nitrate, NOx) was measured daily for 7 d as a surrogate of NO *** TNFα level was quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent ***α m RNA was quantified in liver and aorta tissue by reverse transcription-polymerase chain *** was determined by recording splenic pulp pressure(SPP) and abdominal aortic flow after 0-7 *** to thalidomide was determined by measurement of SPP and mean arterial pressure(MAP).RESULTS: SPP, abdominal aortic flow(Qao) and plasma NOx were increased in wild type and i NOS-/-PVL mice when compared to sham operated control *** contrast, SPP, Qao and plasma NOx were not increased in e NOS-/- PVL mice when compared to sham *** TNFα level in both sham and PVL mice was below the detection limit of the commercial ELISA ***, the effect of thalidomide on serum TNFα levels was undetermined in wild type, e NOS-/-or i NOS-/- *** acutely increased plasma NOx in wild type and e NOS-/- mice but not i NOS-/-***, thalidomide temporarily(0-90 min) decreased mean arterial pressure, SPP and Qao in wild type, e NOS-/- and i NOS-/- PVL mice, aft

关键词： Portal hypertension Thalidomide Nitric oxide Knock

Putting PLX5622 into perspective:microglia in central nervous system viral infection

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第6期18卷 1269-1270页

作者： Alanna G.Spiteri nicholas j.C.King Viral Immunopathology Laboratory InfectionImmunity and Inflammation Research ThemeSchool of Medical SciencesFaculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia Sydney Cytometry The University of Sydney and Centenary InstituteSydneyNSWAustralia Ramaciotti Facility for Human Systems Biology The University of Sydney and Centenary InstituteSydneyNSWAustralia Charles Perkins Centre The University of SydneyAustralia The University of Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases The University of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia The University of Sydney Nano Institute the University of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia

Elucidating the exact contribution of microglia to central nervous system(CNS)pathology has historically been extremely *** resident parenchymal myeloid cells are considered to have critical roles as frontline responders during pathogen invasion and CNS ***,understanding the precise temporal kinetics of microglial function is central to the evolution of novel therapeutics for disease intervention and/or resolution(Spiteri et al.,2022a).The development of PLX5622,a colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor(CSF-1R)inhibitor typically formulated into a rodent chow for simple oral administration has facilitated exploration of microglial functions in disease(Spangenberg et al.,2019).

关键词： invasion system precise

Biomarkers in renal cell carcinoma:Are we there yet?

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Asian j.urnal of Urology 2021年第4期8卷 362-375页

作者： Shuchi Gulati nicholas j.Vogelzang Division of Hematology and Oncology University of CincinnatiCincinnatiOhUSA Nevada Cancer Research Foundation Las VegasNVUSA

Management of kidney cancer has undergone a paradigm shift with the approval of new therapies over the last two *** these drugs have improved clinical outcomes in patients with kidney cancer,there are still a large number of patients who do not show obj.ctive responses.A multitude of investigators,including those for The Cancer Genome Atlas have biologically characterized and sub-classified kidney ***,we have not been able to identify molecular targets to effectively treat patients with kidney *** we familiarize ourselves with newer drugs for patients with kidney cancer,it is important to understand that these drugs may not work in every patient and instead may expose patients to unnecessary toxic effects along with burdening society with the financial *** we head toward the era of“precision medicine”,validated biomarkers are being utilized to guide treatment choices and help identify pathways of resistance in other tumor *** current review aims at evaluating the progress made so far in this realm for patients with kidney cancer.

关键词： Kidney cancer Clear cell Non-clear cell Immunotherapy Biomarkers

Shedding light on neurons:optical approaches for neuromodulation

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National Science Review 2022年第10期9卷 34-54页

作者： Shan j.ang Xiang Wu nicholas j.Rommelfanger Zihao Ou Guosong Hong Department of Materials Science and Engineering Stanford University Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute Stanford University Department of Applied Physics Stanford University

Today’ s optical neuromodulation techniques are rapidly evolving,benefiting from advances in photonics,genetics and materials *** this review,we provide an up-to-date overview of the latest optical approaches for *** begin with the physical principles and constraints underlying the interaction between light and neural *** then present advances in optical neurotechnologies in seven modules:conventional optical fibers,multifunctional fibers,optical waveguides,light-emitting diodes,upconversion nanoparticles,optical neuromodulation based on the secondary effects of light,and unconventional light sources facilitated by ultrasound and magnetic *** conclude our review with an outlo ok on new methods and mechanisms that afford optical neuromodulation with minimal invasiveness and footprint.

关键词： optical neuromodulation optogenetics neural interfaces

Signaling from T cell receptors (TCRs) and chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) on T cells

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2020年第6期17卷 600-612页

作者： Ling Wu Qianru Wei j.anna Brzostek nicholas R.j.Gascoigne Department of Microbiology and Immunology Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of Singapore5 Science Drive 2Singapore 117545Singapore Immunology Programme Life Sciences InstituteNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore

T cells react to foreign or self-antigens through T cell receptor(TCR)*** decades of research have delineated the mechanism of TCR signal transduction and its impact on T cell *** knowledge provides the foundation for chimeric antigen receptor T cell(CAR-T cell)technology,by which T cells are redirected in a maj.r histocompatibility complex-unrestricted *** and CAR signaling plays a critical role in determining the T cell state,including exhaustion and *** its artificial nature,CARs might affect or rewire signaling differently than TCRs.A better understanding of CAR signal transduction would greatly facilitate improvements to CAR-T cell technology and advance its usefulness in clinical ***,we systematically review the knowns and unknowns of TCR and CAR signaling,from the contact of receptors and antigens,proximal signaling,immunological synapse formation,and late signaling *** through different T cell subtypes and how signaling is translated into practice are also discussed.

关键词： CAR-T TCR Signaling T cell Immunological synapse

Complex interactions between biota, landscapes and native peoples

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Ecological Processes 2013年第1期2卷 297-299页

作者： j.se MV Fragoso nicholas j.Reo Department of Biology Stanford UniversityStanfordCAUSA Environmental Studies Program Dartmouth CollegeHanoverNHUSA

The papers presented here originated with a symposium held at the Ecological Society of America’s annual meeting in Portland,Oregon,in *** describe how native people and indigenous researchers view and understand the cultural and biological complexity inherent in coupled socio-ecological *** researchers note that interactions between native peoples and their environments consist of a complex network of linkages,feedbacks,and change,and they describe synthetic approaches to problem *** approaches often spring from long cultural traditions and recent adaptations to *** are examples of native peoples successfully managing biota and ecosystems for thousands of ***,current societal conditions often challenge indigenous-based efforts to continue managing ecosystems and ***,in the face of the new challenges native people continue to innovate and manage their environments and biota.

关键词： continue environments landscape

Separations of Metal Ions Using Ionic Liquids: The Challenges of Multiple Mechanisms

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2006年第2期11卷 188-193页

作者： Violina A. Cocalia j.hn D. Holbrey Keith E. Gutowski nicholas j. Bridges Robin D. Rogers Department of Chemistry and Center for Green Manufacturing The University of Alabama Tuscaloosa AL 35487 USA

Ionic liquids are a distinct sub-set of liquids, comprising only of cations and anions, often with negligible vapor pressure. As a result of the low or non-volatility of these fluids, ionic liquids are often considered in liquid/liquid separation schemes where the goal is to replace volatile organic solvents. Unfortunately, it is often not yet recognized that the ionic nature of these solvents can result in a variety of extraction mechanisms, including solvent ion-pair extraction, ion exchange, and simultaneous combinations of these. This paper discusses current ionic liquid-based separations research where the effects of the nature of the solvent ions, ligands, and metal ion species were studied in order to be able to understand the nature of the challenges in utilizing ionic liquids for practical applications.

关键词： metal ion liquid-liquid separation ionic liquid solvent extraction