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A review on the coordinative structure of human walking and the application of principal component analysis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2013年第7期8卷 662-670页

作者： Xinguang Wang nicholas O'Dwyer Mark Halaki Discipline of Exercise and Sport Science The University of Sydney School of Science and Health The University of Western Sydney School of Human Movement Studies Charles Sturt University

Walking is a complex task which includes hundreds of muscles, bones and joints working together to deliver smooth movements. With the complexity, walking has been widely investigated in order to identify the pattern of multi-segment movement and reveal the control mechanism. The degree of freedom and dimensional properties provide a view of the coordinative structure during walking, which has been extensively studied by using dimension reduction technique. In this paper, the studies related to the coordinative structure, dimensions detection and pattern reorganization during walking have been reviewed. Principal component analysis, as a popular technique, is widely used in the processing of human movement data. Both the principle and the outcomes of principal component analysis were introduced in this paper. This technique has been reported to successfully reduce the redundancy within the original data, identify the physical meaning represented by the extracted principal components and discriminate the different patterns. The coordinative structure during walking assessed by this technique could provide further information of the body control mechanism and correlate walking pattern with injury.

关键词： neural regeneratJon reviews human walking coordinative structure pattern, synergy principalcomponent analysis dimension reduction gender walking speed correlation linear systemanalysis coherence neuroregeneration

Investigations for the assessment of adult patients presenting to the emergency department with supraventricular tachycardia

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2020年第1期11卷 54-59页

作者： Harith Fernando nicholas Adams Biswadev Mitra Emergency and Trauma Centre The Alfred HospitalMelbourneVictoriaAustralia National Trauma Research Institute The Alfred HospitalMelbourneVictoriaAustralia Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine Monash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia

Dear editor,Patients with supraventricular tachycardia(SVT)commonly present to the emergency department(ED).Current guidelines[1,2]do not recommend routine pathology testing and a report on the topic has questioned their role.A systematic review concluded that troponin testing is commonly performed with a high proportion of positive fi ndings,but these results were not associated with major adverse cardiac events.[3]The conclusions of this review were limited by paucity of data and heterogeneity among studies.

关键词： tachycardia routine pathology

Multimodal label-free microscopy

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2014年第5期7卷 17-38页

作者： Nicolas Pavillon Katsumasa Fujita nicholas Isaac Smith Biophotonics LaboratoryImmunology Frontier Research Center(IFReC Department of Applied Physics Osaka UniversitySuitaOsaka 565-0871Japan

This paper reviews the different multimodal applications based on a large ext ent of label-freeinaging modalities,ranging from linear to nonlinear optics,while also inchuding *** put specific emphasis on multimodal measurements going across the usual boundaries between imaging modalities,whereas most multimodal platforms combine techniquesbased on similar light interactions or similar hardware *** this review,we limitthe scope to focus on applications for biology such as live cells or tissues,since by their nat ure ofbeing alive or fragile,we are often not free to take liberties with the image acquisition times andare forced to gather the maximum amount of information possible at one *** such samples,imaging by a given label-free method usually presents a challenge in obt aining suficient opticalsignal or is limited in terms of the types of observable *** imaging is thenparticularly attractive for these samples in order to maximize the amount of measured *** multimodal imaging is always useful in the sense of acquiring additional infor-mation from additional modes,at times it is possible to attain information that could not bediscovered using any single mode alone,which is the essence of the progress that is possible usinga multimodal approach.

关键词： Optical microscopy nonlinear optics microspectroscopy

Long Waves Associated with Bichromatic Waves

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China Ocean Engineering 2001年第2期16卷 281-289页

作者：董国海叶文亚 nicholas Dodd The State Key Laboratory of Coastal and O ffshore Engineering Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116023 China Coastal group HR Wallingford Howbery Park W allingford OX10 8BA U. K.

A numerical model of low frequency waves is presented. The model is based on that of Roelvink (1993), but the numerical techniques used in the solution are based on the so-called Weighted- Average Flux (WAF) method with Time-Operator- Splitting JOS) used for the treatment of the source terms. This method allows a small number of computational points to be used, and is particularly efficient in modeling wave setup. The short wave (or primary wave) energy equation is solved with a traditional Lax-Wendroff technique. A nonlinear wave theory is introduced. The model described in this paper is found to be satisfactory in modeling low frequency waves associated with incident bichromatic waves.

关键词： incident waves bichromatic waves long waves wave breaking

Plasma miRNA expression profile in the diagnosis o＇ late-onset hypogonadism

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2016年第5期18卷 713-715页

作者： nicholas Russell Mathis grossmann University of Melbourne Department ofMedicine (Austin Health) Level 7 Lance TownsendBuilding 145 Studley Road Heidelberg Victoria3084 Australia.

Researchers reporting in the Nature journal Scientific Reports haveused next generation sequencing and quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR （RT-PCR） technology to profile plasma microRNA （miRNA） expression in cohorts of men with and without late-onset hypogonadism （LOH）. The study proposes a panel of three miRNAs as novel biomarkers to aid in the diagnosis of LOH.

关键词： TESTOSTERONE BIOMARKERS IDENTIFICATION MICRORNAS HEALTH SERUM

Intraoperative cholangiography 2020:Quo vadis? A systematic review of the literature

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2022年第2期21卷 145-153页

作者： Konstantinos georgiou gabriel Sandblom nicholas Alexakis Lars Enochsson First Department of Propaedeutic Surgery Hippokration General Hospital of AthensAthens Medical SchoolNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthens 10679Greece Department of Clinical Science and Education Department of SurgeryKarolinska InstitutetSödersjukhusetStockholm 17177SESweden Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences SurgeryUmeåUniversityUmeå90187SESweden

Background: There are few randomized controlled trials with sufficient statistical power to assess the effectiveness of intraoperative cholangiography(IOC) in the detection and treatment of common bile duct injury(BDI) or retained stones during cholecystectomy. The best evidence so far regarding IOC and reduced morbidity related to BDI and retained common bile duct stones was derived from large populationbased cohort studies. Population-based studies also have the advantage of reflecting the outcome of the procedure as it is practiced in the community at large. However, the outcomes of these population-based studies are conflicting. Data sources: A systematic literature search was conducted in 2020 to search for articles that contained the terms “bile duct injury”, “critical view of safety”, “bile duct imaging” or “retained stones” in combination with IOC. All identifed references were screened to select population-based studies and observational studies from large centers where socioeconomic or geographical selections were assumed not to cause selection bias. Results: The search revealed 273 references. A total of 30 articles fulflled the criteria for a large observational study with minimal risk for selection bias. The majority suggested that IOC reduces morbidity associated with BDI and retained common bile duct stones. In the short term, IOC increases the cost of surgery. However, this is offset by reduced costs in the long run since BDI or retained stones detected during surgery are managed immediately. Conclusions: IOC reduces morbidity associated with BDI and retained common bile duct stones. The reports reviewed are derived from large, unselected populations, thereby providing a high external validity. However, more studies on routine and selective IOC with well-defned outcome measures and sufficient statistical power are needed.

关键词： Cholangiography Cholecystectomy Bile duct stones Bile duct injury Cost

The role of echocardiography and CT angiography in transcatheter aortic valve implantation patients

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Journal of geriatric Cardiology 2018年第1期15卷 86-94页

作者： Emmanouil Chourdakis Ioanna Koniari nicholas g Kourlis Dimitrios Velissaris Nikolaos Koutsogiannis grigorios Tsigkas Karl Eugen Hauptmann Bruno Sontag george Hahalis Krankenhaus der Barmherzigen Briider Trier Germany Department of Cardiology University Hospital of Patras Rion Patras Greece Department of Internal Medicine University Hospital of Patras Rion Patras Greece

The transcatheter aortic valve implantation （TAVI） consist an altemative treatment in patients with severe aortic stenosis. Multimodality imaging using transthoracic echocardiography （TTE） or transesophageal echocardiography （TOE） and multislice CT （MSCT） constitute cornerstone techniques for the pre-operative management, peri-procedural guidance, follow up and recognition of possible transcatheter valve related complications. CT angiography is much more accurate regarding the total definition of aortic annulus diameter and circumferential area. Two-dimensional （2D） echocardiography, underestimates the aortic valve annulus diameter compared to 3D imaging techniques （MSCT, MRI and 3D TOE）. Three-dimensional TOE imaging provides measurements of the aortic valve annulus similar to those delivered by MSCT. The pre-procedural MSCT constitutes the gold standard modality minimizing the presence of paravalvular aortic regurgitation, one of the most frequent complications. TOE/TTE and MSCT performance could predict the possibility of pacemaker implantation post-procedural. The presence of a new transient or persisting MR can be assessed well by TOE. Both TTE and TOE, consist initially the basic examination for post TAVI evaluation. In case of transcatheter heart valve failure, the MSCT could be used as additional imaging technique.

关键词： Multi-slice computer tomography Transcatheter aortic valve implantation Transthoracic echocardiography

Digital re-analysis of lost architecture and the particular case of Lutyens＇ Liverpool Metropolitan Cathedral

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2016年第2期5卷 265-275页

作者： nicholas Webb Andre Brown School of Architecture University of Liverpool Liverpool L69 7ZN United Kingdom

Research and critique of unbuilt or destroyed works of architecture is traditionally carried out through the examination of surviving information such as drawings, models, photographs, biographies and monographs. The case study presented here demonstrates that this approach cannot always give a fuU-picture of the architect or designer＇s intentions, and may miss inconsistencies in the design and links to other precedents or antecedents in such schemes. Here, we employ strategic contemporary digital representation techniques to re-present and re-analyse the evidence available for a particular architectural project. We describe a systematic methodology, which shows that these techniques can challenge or enhance current understanding. The focus therefore is on the digital re-analysis process that has been devised. Sir Edwin Lutyens＇ unbuilt Liverpool Metropolitan Cathedral design, that would have delivered one of the largest cathedrals in the world, is used as a case study. The findings reveal new information about the cathedral by following structured lines of enquiry generated from the study of primary and secondary source data, as well as serendipitous results that occur as a potential by-product of the methodological process.

关键词： Unbuitt architecture Digitalcritique Forensic anatysis Digitat modetting

Androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer： not so simple

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2011年第2期13卷 187-188页

作者： nicholas N Tadros Mark garzotto Division of Urology Oregon Health ＆ Science UniversityPortland OR 97239 USA and 2portland VA MedicalCenter 3710 SW US Veterans Hospital Pd. PortlandOR 97239 USA

Prostate cancer （PC） is the second most diagnosed visceral malignancy in men worldwide, with over 900 000 new diagnoses each year.1 Approximately 50% of patients treated in industrialized nations will receive androgen deprivation therapy （ADT） at some point in their lifetimes.2 The use of ADT as a treatment approach is likely to increase as new drug developments have focused on intensifying the effect of reducing androgen receptor activation.

关键词： Androgens Physics Wells