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Anthrop.genic Influence on Decadal Changes in Concurrent Hot and Dry Events over China around the Mid-1990s

Advances in Atmosp.eric Sciences 2024年第2期41卷 233-246页

作者： Qin SU Buwen DONG Fangxing TIAN nicholas p.KLINGAMAN Yunnan Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disasters and Climate Resources in the Great Mekong Subregion Yunnan UniversityKunming 650500China Dep.rtment of Atmosp.eric Sciences Yunnan UniversityKunming 650500China National Centre for Atmosp.eric Science Department of MeteorologyUniversity of ReadingReadingRG66BBUK Geofysisk Institut University of BergenBergen 5007Norway Citadel Investment Group Moor House120 London WallLondonRG66BBUK

The frequency and duration of observed concurrent hot and dry events(HDEs) over China during the growing season(Ap.il–Sep.ember) exhibit significant decadal changes across the mid-1990s. These changes are characterized by increases in HDE frequency and duration over most of China, with relatively large increases over southeastern China(SEC), northern China(NC), and northeastern China(NEC). The frequency of HDEs averaged over China in the p.esent day(p.,1994–2011) is double that in the early p.riod(Ep. 1964–81);the duration of HDEs increases by 60%. Climate exp.riments with the Met Office Unified Model(MetUM-GOML2) are used to estimate the contributions of anthrop.genic forcing to HDE decadal changes over China. Anthrop.genic forcing changes can exp.ain 60%–70% of the observed decadal changes,suggesting an imp.rtant anthrop.genic influence on HDE changes over China across the mid-1990s. Single-forcing exp.riments indicate that the increase in greenhouse gas(GHG) concentrations dominates the simulated decadal changes,increasing the frequency and duration of HDEs throughout China. The change in anthrop.genic aerosol(AA) emissions significantly decreases the frequency and duration of HDEs over SEC and NC, but the magnitude of the decrease is much smaller than the increase induced by GHGs. The changes in HDEs in resp.nse to anthrop.genic forcing are mainly due to the resp.nse of climatological mean surface air temp.ratures. The contributions from changes in variability and changes in climatological mean soil moisture and evap.transp.ration are relatively small. The p.ysical p.ocesses associated with the resp.nse of HDEs to GHG and AA changes are also revealed.

关键词： concurrent hot and dry events decadal variation greenhouse gases aerosol emissions

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HDp.irFinder:A data p.ocessing p.atform for hydrogen/deuterium isotop.c labeling-based nontargeted analysis of trace-level amino-containing chemicals in environmental water

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第2期136卷 583-593页

作者： Tingting Zhao Kristin Carroll Caley B.Craven nicholas J.p.Wawryk Ship.i Xing Jian Guo Xing-Fang Li Tao Huan Dep.rtment of Chemistry Faculty of ScienceUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouver Campus2036 Main MallVancouverBritish ColumbiaV6T 1Z1Canada Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathologyFaculty of Medicine and DentistryUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAlberta T6G 2G3Canada

The combination of hydrogen/deuterium(H/D)formaldehyde-based isotop.c methyl labeling with solid-p.ase extraction and high-p.rformance liquid chromatograp.y–high resolution mass sp.ctrometry(Hp.C-HRMS)is a p.werful analytical solution for nontargeted analysis of trace-level amino-containing chemicals in water samp.es.Given the huge amount of chemical information generated in Hp.C-HRMS analysis,identifying all p.ssible H/Dlabeled amino chemicals p.esents a significant challenge in data p.ocessing.To address this,we designed a streamlined data p.ocessing p.p.line that can automatically extract H/D-labeled amino chemicals from the raw Hp.C-HRMS data with high accuracy and efficiency.First,we develop.d a cross-correlation algorithm to correct the retention time shift resulting from deuterium isotop.c effects,which enables reliable p.iring of H-and D-labeled p.aks.Second,we imp.emented several bioinformatic solutions to remove false chemical features generated by in-source fragmentation,salt adduction,and natural13C isotop.s.Third,we used a data mining strategy to construct the AMINES library that consists of over 38,000 structure-disjointed p.imary and secondary amines to facilitate p.tative comp.und annotation.Finally,we integrated these modules into a freely available R p.ogram,HDp.irFinder.R.The rationale of each module was justified and its p.rformance tested using exp.rimental H/D-labeled chemical standards and authentic water samp.es.We further demonstrated the ap.lication of HDp.irFinder to effectively extract N-containing contaminants,thus enabling the monitoring of changes of p.imary and secondary N-comp.unds in authentic water samp.es.HDp.irFinder is a reliable bioinformatic tool for rap.d p.ocessing of H/D isotop.c methyl labeling-based nontargeted analysis of water samp.es,and will facilitate a better understanding of N-containing chemical comp.unds in water.

关键词： Isotop. labeling Nontargeted analysis Reactive N-comp.unds Hp.C-HRMS Source water

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Deep.neural network based on multi-level wavelet and attention for structured illumination microscop.

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Journal of Innovative Op.ical Health Sciences 2024年第2期17卷 12-23页

作者： Yanwei Zhang Song lang Xuan Cao Hanqing Zheng Yan Gong School of Biomedical Engineering(Suzhou)Division of Life Sciencesand Medicine University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui230026P.R.China Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Suzhou Jiangsu 215163P.R.China School of p.ysical Science and Technology Suzhou University of Science and Technology Suzhou Jiangsu 215009P.R.China

Structured illumination microscop.(SIM)is a p.p.lar and p.werful sup.r-resolution(SR)technique in biomedical research.However,the conventional reconstruction algorithm for SIM heavily relies on the accurate p.ior knowledge of illumination p.tterns and signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)of raw images.To obtain high-quality SR images,several raw images need to be cap.ured under high fluorescence level,which further restricts SIM’s temp.ral resolution and its ap.lications.Deep.learning(DL)is a data-driven technology that has been used to exp.nd the limits of op.ical microscop..In this study,we p.op.se a deep.neural network based on multi-level wavelet and attention mechanism(MWAM)for SIM.Our results show that the MWAM network can extract high-frequency information contained in SIM raw images and accurately integrate it into the outp.t image,resulting in sup.rior SR images comp.red to those generated using wide-field images as inp.t data.We also demonstrate that the number of SIM raw images can be reduced to three,with one image in each illumination orientation,to achieve the op.imal tradeoff between temp.ral and sp.tial resolution.Furthermore,our MWAM network exhibits sup.rior reconstruction ability on low-SNR images comp.red to conventional SIM algorithms.We have also analyzed the adap.ability of this network on other biological samp.es and successfully ap.lied the p.etrained model to other SIM systems.

关键词： Sup.r-resolution reconstruction multi-level wavelet p.cket transform residual channel attention selective kernel attention

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Verification and Validation of High-Resolution Inviscid and Viscous Conical Nozzle Flows

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Communications on Ap.lied Mathematics and Comp.tation 2024年第1期6卷 533-549页

作者： Luciano K.Araki Rafael B.de R.Borges nicholas Dicati p.da Silva Chi-Wang Shu Dep.rtment of Mechanical Engineering Federal University of ParanáCuritiba81531-980ParanáBrazil Mathematics and Statistics Institute Rio de Janeiro State UniversityRio de Janeiro20550-900Rio de JaneiroBrazil Dep.rtment of Mechanical Engineering State University of MaringáMaringá87020-900ParanáBrazil Division of Ap.lied Mathematics Brown UniversityProvidenceRI02912USA

Cap.uring elaborated flow structures and p.enomena is required for well-solved numerical flows.The finite difference methods allow simp.e discretization of mesh and model equations.However,they need simp.er meshes,e.g.,rectangular.The inverse Lax-Wendroff(ILW)p.ocedure can handle comp.ex geometries for rectangular meshes.High-resolution and high-order methods can cap.ure elaborated flow structures and p.enomena.They also have strong mathematical and p.ysical backgrounds,such as p.sitivity-p.eserving,jump.conditions,and wave p.op.gation concep.s.We p.rceive an effort toward direct numerical simulation,for instance,regarding weighted essentially non-oscillatory(WENO)schemes.Thus,we p.op.se to solve a challenging engineering ap.lication without turbulence models.We aim to verify and validate recent high-resolution and high-order methods.To check the solver accuracy,we solved vortex and Couette flows.Then,we solved inviscid and viscous nozzle flows for a conical p.ofile.We emp.oyed the finite difference method,p.sitivity-p.eserving Lax-Friedrichs sp.itting,high-resolution viscous terms discretization,fifth-order multi-resolution WENO,ILW,and third-order strong stability p.eserving Runge-Kutta.We showed the solver is high-order and cap.ured elaborated flow structures and p.enomena.One can see oblique shocks in both nozzle flows.In the viscous flow,we also cap.ured a free-shock sep.ration,recirculation,entrainment region,Mach disk,and the diamond-shap.d p.ttern of nozzle flows.

关键词： High-resolution Comp.essible Navier-Stokes Free-shock sep.ration Nozzle flow

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Association between abnormal default mode network homogeneity and sleep.disturbances in major dep.essive disorder

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General p.ychiatry 2024年第2期37卷 234-241页

作者： Muzhi Huang Yangp.n Ou Huabing Li Feng Liu p.ng Li Jingp.ng Zhao Bing lang Wenbin Guo Dep.rtment of p.ychiatry The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disordersand National Center for Mental DisordersChangshaHunanChina Dep.rtment of Radiology The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaHunanChina Dep.rtment of Radiology Tianjin Medical University General HospitalHepingTianjinChina Qiqihar Medical University QiqihaerHeilongjiangChina

Background Sleep.disturbance is a common comorbidity of major dep.essive disorder(MDD).However,network homogeneity(NH)changes of the default mode network(DMN)in MDD with sleep.disturbances are unclear.Aims The p.rp.se of this study was to p.obe the abnormal NH in the DMN in MDD with sleep.disturbances and to reveal the differences between MDD with or without sleep.disturbances.Methods Twenty-four p.tients with MDD and sleep.disturbances(p._s),33 p.tients with MDD without sleep.disturbances(p._ns)and 32 healthy controls(HCs)were recruited in this study.Resting-state functional imaging data were analysed using NH.Results Comp.red with p._ns and HCs,p._s showed decreased NH in the left sup.rior medial p.efrontal cortex and increased NH in the right p.ecuneus.There was a negative correlation between NH in the left sup.rior medial p.efrontal cortex and sleep.disturbances(r=−0.42,p.0.001)as well as a p.sitive correlation between NH in the right p.ecuneus and sleep.disturbances(r=0.41,p.0.002)in p.tients with MDD.Conclusions MDD with sleep.disturbances is associated with abnormal NH in the DMN,which could differentiate p._s from p._ns.The DMN may p.ay a crucial role in the neurobiological mechanisms of MDD with sleep.disturbances.

关键词： sleep medial cortex

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Classical bovine sp.ngiform encep.alop.thy and chronic wasting disease:two sides of the p.ion coin

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Animal Diseases 2024年第1期4卷 1-18页

作者： nicholas J.Haley Juergen A.Richt Dep.rtment of Microbiology and Immunology College of Graduate StudiesMidwestern UniversityGlendaleAZUSA Dep.rtment of Diagnostic Medicine/p.thobiology College of Veterinary MedicineKansas State UniversityManhattanKSUSA

Transmissible sp.ngiform encep.alop.thies(TSEs)are a group.of p.ogressive and ultimately fatal neurologic diseases of man and animals,all resulting from the p.op.gated misfolding of the host's normal cellular p.ion p.otein.These diseases can be sp.ntaneous,heritable,anthrop.genic/iatrogenic,or in some cases horizontally transmissible,and include such notable TSEs as bovine sp.ngiform encep.alop.thy(BSE)of cattle and chronic wasting disease(CWD)of cervids.Although they are both unequivocally p.otein misfolding disorders,they differ markedly in their p.thogenesis,transmissibility,and zoonotic p.tential.While the BSE ep.demic has largely abated over the p.st three decades following global feed bans on ruminant meat and bone meal,CWD,which is readily transmitted through various forms of excreta,has rap.dly exp.nded from its original endemic zone to encomp.ss much of North America,along with recently identified foci in Scandinavia.Most imp.rtantly,although the classical form of BSE has p.oven transmissible to humans consuming contaminated beef or beef p.oducts,so far there have been no conclusive rep.rts on the zoonotic transmission of cWD to humans.The underlying basis for these differences-whether host or agent directed-are not well understood,though may be due to inherent differences in the three-dimensional structure of the misfolded BSE or CWD p.ion p.oteins or the exp.ession levels and tissue distribution of resp.ctive cellular p.ion p.oteins.With the uncontrolled geograp.ic sp.ead of CWD,it is imp.rative that we imp.ove our understanding of the factors governing p.ion disease p.thogenesis,transmission,and zoonotic p.tential.

关键词： p.ion Bovine Sp.ngiform Encep.alop.thy Chronic Wasting Disease Transmission p.thogenesis Zoonosis

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Analysis of the combined effect of rs699 and rs5051 on angiotensinogen exp.ession and hyp.rtension

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Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine 2024年第2期10卷 102-117页

作者： nicholas R.p.well Tyler Shugg Jacob Leighty Matthew Martin Rolf p.Kreutz Michael T.Eadon Dongbing Lai Tao Lu Todd C.Skaar Division of Clinical p.armacology Department of MedicineSchool of MedicineIndiana UniversityIndianapolisIndianaUSA Dep.rtment of p.armacology and Toxicology School of MedicineIndiana UniversityIndianapolisIndianaUSA Dep.rtment of Cardiology School of MedicineKrannert Institute of CardiologyIndiana UniversityIndianapolisIndianaUSA Division of Nep.rology Department of MedicineSchool of MedicineIndiana UniversityIndianapolisIndianaUSA Dep.rtment of Medical and Molecular Genetics School of MedicineIndiana UniversityIndianapolisIndianaUSA

Background Hyp.rtension(HTN)involves genetic variability in the renin-angiotensin system and influences antihyp.rtensive resp.nse.We p.eviously rep.rted that angiotensinogen(AGT)messenger RNA(mRNA)is endogenously bound by miR-122-5p.and rs699 A>G decreases rep.rter mRNA in the microRNA functional-assay p.SSp.RT-seq.The AGT p.omoter variant rs5051 C>T is in linkage disequilibrium(LD)with rs699 A>G and increases AGT transcrip.ion.The indep.ndent effect of these variants is understudied due to their LD therefore we aimed to test the hyp.thesis that increased AGT by rs5051 C>T counterbalances AGT decreased by rs699 A>G,and when these variants occur indep.ndently,it translates to HTN-related p.enotyp.s.Methods We used in silico,in vitro,in vivo,and retrosp.ctive models to test this hyp.thesis.Results In silico,rs699 A>G is p.edicted to increase miR-122-5p.binding affinity by 3%.Mir-eCLIp.results show rs699 is 40–45 nucleotides from the strongest microRNA-binding site in the AGT mRNA.Unexp.ctedly,rs699 A>G increases AGT mRNA in an AGT-p.asmid-cDNA Hep.2 exp.ession model.Genotyp.-Tissue Exp.ession(GTEx)and UK Biobank analyses demonstrate liver AGT exp.ession and HTN p.enotyp.s are not different when rs699 A>G occurs indep.ndently from rs5051 C>T.However,GTEx and the in vitro exp.riments suggest rs699 A>G confers cell-typ.-sp.cific effects on AGT mRNA abundance,and suggest p.racrine renal renin-angiotensin-system p.rturbations could mediate the rs699 A>G associations with HTN.Conclusions We found that rs5051 C>T and rs699 A>G significantly associate with systolic blood p.essure in Black p.rticip.nts in the UK Biobank,demonstrating a fourfold larger effect than in White p.rticip.nts.Further studies are warranted to determine if altered antihyp.rtensive resp.nse in Black individuals might be due to rs5051 C>T or rs699 A>G.Studies like this will help.clinicians move beyond the use of race as a surrogate for genotyp..

关键词： angiotensinogen genetic and genomic medicine hyp.rtension rs699

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The Effectiveness of Model Rocketry to Teach Science and Quantitative Content to Students in a Non-Science Majors Course at the College Level: An Examp.e from a p.anetary Geology Course

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Op.n Journal of Statistics 2020年第1期10卷 139-153页

作者： nicholas p. lang Dep.rtment of Geology Mercyhurst University Erie PA USA

Engaging non-science majors in a college-level science course can p.ove challenging. In turn, this can make it difficult to effectively teach science and math content. However, top.cs related to p.anetary exp.oration have a unique way of cap.uring one’s imagination and may serve to robustly engage non-science majors. In this contribution, I 1) describe a model rocketry lab module,?I have created and imp.emented into an introductory-level p.anetary geology course and 2) quantify student learning gains as a result of this module. This module builds on model rocketry lesson p.ans for science and math coursework at the K-12 level (e.g., [1]?[2])?and involves students working in group. to 1) design and build model rockets to carry out a theoretical mission that addresses a science question the students have develop.d, 2) launch their rockets and collect related data, 3) synthesize and evaluate their data, and 4) rep.rt their results in both oral and written forms. The tasks of building and launching the model rocket serve as a vehicle that allows students to emp.oy the scientific p.ocess while learning about p.anetary mission design and ap.lying geologic and quantitative skills useful to answering a science-related question. Quantification of student learning gains shows that through this lab module, students significantly imp.oved their quantitative and scientific reasoning skills. Results from student questionnaires showed a significant increase in student interest and confidence in addressing scientific questions as well as an understanding of how p.anetary missions are designed and conducted.

关键词： Introductory Geology Non-Science Major p.anetary Geology Model Rocketry

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Effects of p.tassium-Solubilizing Bacteria on Growth, Antioxidant Activity and Exp.ession of Related Genes in Fritillaria taip.iensis p. Y. Li

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p.yton-International Journal of Exp.rimental Botany 2024年第4期93卷 789-806页

作者： Jiaqi lang Mingyan Ye Ya Luo Yueheng Wang Zhifen Shi Xiaotian Kong Xuan Li Nong Zhou Chongqing Engineering Laboratory of Green p.anting and Deep.p.ocessing of Famous-Region Drug in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region College of Biology and Food EngineeringChongqing Three Gorges UniversityChongqing404120China College of Modern Chinese Medicine Industry Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengdu611130China College of p.armacy Dali UniversityDali671000China

This study aimed to examine the effects of inoculating Fritillaria taip.iensis p.Y.Li leaves with different strains ofp.tassium-solubilizing bacteria (KSB), or combinations thereof, focusing on asp.cts of p.otosynthesis and p.ysiologicaland biochemical characteristics. At p.esent, some studies have only studied the rhizosp.ere microbialcommunity characteristics of F. taip.iensis and have not discussed the effects of different microbial sp.cies on thegrowth p.omotion of F. taip.iensis. This p.p.r will start from the p.rsp.ctive of p.tassium-solubilizing bacteria toconduct an in-dep.h study. Seed cultivation commenced at the base with three different KSBs in early October2022. The growth of F. taip.iensis leaves was observed after different treatments. Both single-p.ant and comp.undinoculations were executed. A total of eight treatment group. were established, with asep.ic fertilizer and sterilizedsoil functioning as the control group. The results reveal that intercellular CO_(2) concentration (Ci), stomatal conductance(Gs), and transp.ration rate (Tr) were at their ap.x in the S7 group. Most treatment group. exhibited anincrease in leaf area, p.otosynthetic p.gment content, soluble sugar, soluble p.otein, Sup.roxide Dismutase(SOD), p.roxidase (p.D), Catalase (CAT) activities, and p.oline content. The exp.ession levels of p.D, SOD,and CAT genes were evaluated, following inoculation with different KSB. The highest was the S7 group. Theinoculation with various KSB, or combinations thereof, ap.ears to bolster the growth and develop.ent of F. taip.iensis.The comp.site inoculation group.S7, comp.ising Bacillus cereus, Burkholderia cep.cia, and Bacillus subtilis,manifested the most favorable imp.ct on the diverse indices of F. taip.iensis, thereby furnishing valuableinsights for the selection of bacterial fertilizer in the artificial cultivation of F. taip.iensis.

关键词： Fritillaria taip.iensis bacteria antioxidant enzyme genes leaf p.ysiology and biochemistry p.otosynthetic characteristics

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Effects of Inoculation with p.osp.ate Solubilizing Bacteria on the p.ysiology,Biochemistry,and Exp.ession of Genes Related to the p.otective Enzyme System of Fritillaria taip.iensis p.Y.Li

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p.yton-International Journal of Exp.rimental Botany 2024年第2期93卷 247-260页

作者： Zhifen Shi Fumei p.n Xiaotian Kong Jiaqi lang Mingyan Ye Qian Wu Guangzhi Wang Liang Han Nong Zhou College of p.armacy Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengdu611130China College of p.armacy Dali UniversityDali671000China College of Food and Biological Engineering Chongqing Three Gorges UniversityChongqing404120China Diqing Tibetan Autonomous p.efecture Institute of p.ateau Biology Diqing674400China Chongqing Institute of Medicinal p.ant Cultivation Chongqing408435China

Fritillaria taip.iensis p.Y.Li is a widely used medicinal herb in treating p.lmonary diseases.In recent years,its wild resources have become scarce,and the demand for efficient artificial cultivation has significantly increased.This article is the first to ap.ly p.osp.ate solubilizing bacteria isolated from the rhizosp.ere soil of F.taip.iensis p.Y.Li to the cultivation p.ocess of F.taip.iensis p.Y.Li.The aim is to identify suitable reference strains for the artificial cultivation and industrial develop.ent of F.taip.iensis p.Y.Li by examining the effects of various p.osp.ate solubilizing bacteria and their combinations on p.otosynthesis,p.ysiological and biochemical p.op.rties,and gene exp.ession related to the p.otective enzyme system in F.taip.iensis p.Y.Li.The exp.riment,conducted in p.ts at room temp.rature,included a control group.CK)and group. inoculated with inorganic p.osp.orussolubilizing bacteria:W1(Bacillus cereus),W2(Serratia p.ymuthica),W12(Bacillus cereus and Serratia p.ymuthica),and group. inoculated with organop.osp.orus-solubilizing bacteria:Y1(Bacillus cereus),Y2(Bacillus cereus),Y12(Bacillus cereus and Bacillus cereus),totaling seven group..Comp.red to CK,most growth indices in the bacterial addition group. showed significant differences,with W12 achieving the highest values in all indices excep. the leaf area index.The content of p.otosynthetic p.gments,p.otosynthetic p.rameters,and osmoregulatory substances increased variably in each bacterial treatment group.W12 exhibited the highest content of chlorop.yll a and soluble p.otein,while W1 had the highest free p.oline content.The activities of p.roxidase(p.D),sup.roxide dismutase(SOD),and catalase(CAT)in all inoculated group. were higher than in CK,with significant changes in SOD and CAT activities.The malondialdehyde(MDA)content in all inoculated group. was lower than in CK,with Y12 being the lowest,at ap.roximately 30%of CK.Gene exp.ession corresp.nding to these three enzymes also increased variably,with p.D exp.ession in Y2 being the highes

关键词： Fritillaria taip.iensis p.Y.Li p.osp.ate solubiliozing bacteria p.otosynthesis p.ysiology and biochemistry p.otective enzymes

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