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Bronchodilator responsiveness assessed by forced oscillometry and multiple breath washout techniques in preschool children

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Pediatric Investigation 2018年第2期2卷 83-89页

作者： nicholas l.friedman Joseph M.McDonough Xuemei Zhang Erik B.Hysinger Kelly M.Adams Julian l.Allen Division of Pulmonary Medicine The Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphia PA USA Department of Pediatrics Madigan Army Medical Center Tacoma WAUSA Division of Pulmonary Medicine The Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphia PA USA Division of Pulmonary Medicine Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati OH USA Division of Pulmonary Medicine Northwell Health System Lake SuccessNY USA

Importance:The forced oscillation (FOT) and multiple breath washout (MBW) techniques are passive tests of lung function,and are reliable for preschool-age *** has not been comparison testing to determine which test could more accurately differentiate between healthy controls and poorly controlled asthmatics,or differentiate a response to bronchodilator ***:To determine whether the MBW and/or FOT could differentiate between healthy controls and poorly controlled asthmatics,and whether the two tests could detect a response to bronchodilator ***:Twenty-eight healthy controls and 23 poorly controlled asthmatics 3-6 years of age *** subjects were administered the MBW followed by the FOT.A bronchodilator was then administered and testing was *** Rank Sum tests were used to compare the difference between healthy controls and poorly controlled *** Signed Rank tests were used to compare the pre-and post-bronchodilator ***:Neither MBW nor FOT differentiated healthy controls from poorly controlled asthmatics (pre-bronchodilator data);both groups had similar baseline gas mixing and airway *** was no improvement in any MBW outcomes post-bronchodilator *** detected a significant and similar degree of improvement in the airway mechanics in both ***:Neither MBW nor FOT differentiated between poorly controlled asthmatics (when well) and healthy *** did not detect a significant bronchodilator response in either subject group,whereas FOT detected a similar degree of bronchodilator responsiveness in both *** discrepancy may reflect differential changes in airway mechanics and gas mixing properties in response to bronchodilators.

关键词： Forced oscillation technique Multiple breath washout Pediatric lung function measurement Pediatric asthma

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How do belowground organisms influence plant-pollinator interactions?

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2015年第1期8卷 1-11页

作者： nicholas A.Barber Nicole l.Soper Gorden Department of Biological Sciences Northern Illinois UniversityDeKalbIL 60115USA Institute for the Study of the Environment Sustainabilityand EnergyNorthern Illinois UniversityDeKalbIL 60115USA Department of Biology University of Minnesota DuluthDuluthMN 55812USA

Aims The majority of angiosperms are pollinated by animals,and this interaction is of enormous importance in both agricultural and natural *** behavior is influenced by plants’floral traits,and these traits may be modified by interactions with other community *** recent years,knowledge of ecological linkages between above-and belowground organ-isms has grown *** communities are extremely diverse,and when their interactions with plants influence floral characteristics,they have the potential to alter pollinator attrac-tion and visitation,but plant-pollinator interactions have been neglected in studies of the direct and indirect effects of soil organism-root ***,we review these belowground interactions,focusing on the effects of nitrogen-fixing bacteria,arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and root-feeding herbivores,and their effects on floral traits and ***,we identify gaps in our knowledge of these indirect effects and recommend promising directions and topics that should be addressed by future *** Findings Belowground organisms can influence a wide variety of floral traits that are important mediators of pollinator attraction,including the number and size of flowers and nectar and pollen *** traits that are known to influence pollinators in some plant species,such as floral volatiles,color and nectar composition,have rarely or never been examined in the context of belowground plant *** clear effects on flowers,relatively few studies have measured pollinator responses to belowground *** these indirect effects have been studied,both arbuscular mycorrhi-zal fungi and root herbivores were found to shift pollinator visitation *** on the interaction,these changes may either increase or decrease pollinator ***,we discuss future directions for ecological studies that will more fully integrate below-ground ecology with pollinat

关键词： aboveground-belowground pollinator mycorrhizae herbivore floral traits indirect effects

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Perturbation finite element solution for chemo-elastic boundary value problems under chemical equilibrium

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2019年第5期35卷 981-991页

作者： Peter l.Bishay Jan Sladek nicholas Fabry Vladimir Sladek Chuanzeng Zhang College of Engineering and Computer Science California State UniversityNorthridgeCAUSA Institute of Construction and Architecture Slovak Academy of SciencesBratislavaSlovakia Department of Civil Engineering University of Siegen57068 SiegenGermany

Modeling the elastic behavior of solids in energy conversion and storage devices such as fuel cells and lithium-ion batteries is usually difficult because of the nonlinear characteristics and the coupled chemo-mechanical behavior of these *** this work,a perturbation finite element(FE)formulation is developed to analyze chemo-elastic boundary value problems(BVPs)under chemical *** perturbation method is applied to the FE equations because of the nonlinearity in the chemical potential expression as a function of solute *** compositional expansion coefficient is used as the perturbation *** the perturbation expansion,a system of partial differential equations for the displacement and dimensionless solute concentration functions is obtained and solved in consecutive *** presence of a numerical solution enables modeling 3D chemo-elastic solids,such as battery electrodes or ionic gels,of any geometric shape with defects of different *** proposed method is tested in several numerical examples such as plates with circular or elliptical holes,and *** numerical examples showed how the shape of the defect can change the distribution of solute concentration around the *** in chemo-elastic solids create sharp peaks in solute concentration around crack tips,and the intensity of these peaks increases as the far field solute concentration decreases.

关键词： Chemical potential Solute concentration Compositional expansion coefficient 2D stationary problem

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Visualising the heart of chaos

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light(Science & Applications) 2021年第12期10卷 2256-2257页

作者： nicholas J.lambert Harald G.l.Schwefel Department of Physics University of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand The Dodd-Walls Centre for Photonic and Quantum Technologies DunedinNew Zealand

The intra-cavity electro-magnetic field distribution in a microdisk resonator can be visualised by inducing a phase shift via a scanning probe beam.

关键词： resonator chaos Visual

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Nitric oxide activation of a potassium channel (BK_(Ca)) in feline lower esophageal sphincter

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第46期16卷 5852-5860页

作者： Marie-Claude l'Heureux Ahmad Muinuddin Herbert Y Gaisano nicholas E Diamant Department of Physiology University of Toronto Ahmad Muinuddin Nicholas E DiamantToronto Western Research InstituteUniversity Health Network Department of Medicine University of Toronto

AIM:To assess the effect of nitric oxide (NO) on the large conductance potassium channel (BKCa) in isolated circular (CM) and sling (SM) muscle cells and muscle strips from the cat lower esophageal sphincter (lES) to determine its regulation of resting tone and ***:Freshly enzymatically-digested and isolated circular smooth muscle cells were prepared from each lES *** study outward K + currents,the perforated patch clamp technique was *** assess lES resting tone and relaxation,muscle strips were mounted in perfused organ ***:(1) Electrophysiological recordings from isolated cells:(a) CM was more depolarized than SM (-39.7 ± 0.8mV vs-48.1 ± 1.6 mV,P l outward current was similar (27.1 ± 1.5 pA/pF vs 25.7 ± 2.0 pA/pF,P > 0.05);(b) The NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) increased outward currents only in CM (25.9 ± 1.9 to 46.7 ± 4.2 pA/pF,P 0.05);(c) SNP added in the presence of the BK Ca antagonist iberiotoxin (IbTX) produced no increase in the outward current in CM (17.0 ± 2.8 vs 13.7 ± 2.2,P > 0.05);and (d) l-NNA caused a small insignificant inhibition of outward K + currents in both muscles;and (2) Muscle strip studies:(a) Blockade of the nerves with tetrodotoxin (TTX),or BK Ca with IbTX had no significant effect on resting tone of either muscle;and (b) SNP reduced tone in both muscles,and was unaffected by the presence of TTX or ***:Exogenous NO activates BK Ca only in CM of the ***,as opposed to other species,exogenous NO-induced relaxation is predominantly by a non-BK Ca mechanism,and endogenous NO has minimal effect on resting tone.

关键词： Circular smooth muscle Feline K+ channel lower esophageal sphincter Nitric oxide Sling Tone

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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are necessary for the induced response to herbivores by Cucumis sativus

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2013年第2期6卷 171-176页

作者： nicholas A.Barber Department of Biological Sciences Northern Illinois UniversityDeKalbIL 60115USA

Aims Although ecological interactions are often conceptualized and stud-ied in a pairwise framework,ecologists recognize that the outcomes of these interactions are influenced by other members of the ***(i)between plants and insect herbivores and(I)between plants and mycorrhizal fungi are ubiquitous in terrestrial ecosystems and may be linked via common host *** studies suggest that colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)can modifty plants'induced responses to herbivore attack,but these indirect effects of fungal symbionts are poorly understood.I investigated the role of AMF in induced plant response to a gen-eralist ***|manipulated AMF status and herbivory in Cucumis sativus l.(cucumber,Cucurbitaceae)in a greenhouse to investigate induced responses in the presence and absence of the mycorrhi-zal fungus Glomus intraradices(Glomeraceae).Spodoptera exigua Habner(Noctuidae)were used to manipulate prior damage and later as assay caterpillars.I also measured *** and her-bivory effects on plant N and effects on plant *** tant Findings AMF status affected the induced response of ***,underscor-ing the importance of incorporating the roles of plant symbionts into plant defense *** caterpillars ate significantly more leaf tissue only on mycorrhizal plants that had experienced prior *** more consumption,biomass change in these cat-erpillars did not differ from those feeding on plants with other treat-ment *** N content was reduced by *** but unaffected by herbivory treatments,suggesting that the observed differences in assay caterpillar feeding were due to changes in defensive chemistry that depended on AMF.

关键词： aboveground-belowground cucurbitacin induced defense mutualist resistance trait-mediated indirect effect

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Effects of Exhaust Gas Recirculation on the Homogeneous Charge Combustion Process of n-Heptane at Different load Conditions

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Transactions of Tianjin University 2005年第4期11卷 262-267页

作者：刘德新冯洪庆郑进才 MIllER David l CERNANSKY nicholas P State Key laboratory of Engines School of Mechanical Engineering Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China Department of Mechanical Engineering Drexel University Philadelphia PA19104-2875 USA

Effects of exhaust gas recirculation （EGR） on homogeneous charge combustion of n-heptane was studied through simulation and experiment. Experiments were carried out in a single cylinder, four-stroke, air cooled engine and a single cylinder, two-stroke, water cooled engine. In the four-stroke engine, experiments of the effects of EGR were examined using heated N2 addition as a surrogate for external EGR and modifying engine to increase internal EGR. The ignition timing was sensitive to EGR due to thermal and chemical effects. EGR or extra air is a key factor in eliminating knock during mid-load conditions. For higher load operation the only way to avoid knock is to control reaction timing through the use of spark ignition. Experimental and modeling results from the two-stroke engine show that auto-ignition can be avoided by increasing the engine speed. The two-stroke engine experiments indicate that high levels of internal EGR can enable spark ignition at lean conditions. At higher load conditions, increasing the engine speed is an effective method to control transition from homogeneous charge compression ignition （HCCI） operation to non-HCCI operation and successful spark ignition of a highly dilute mixture can avoid serious knock.

关键词： homogeneous charge combustion exhaust gas recirculation n-heptane auto-ignition

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American child bride

American child bride

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作者： (author.)Syrett nicholas l.

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New pharmacotherapies for diabetic retinopathy

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Annals of Eye Science 2018年第1期3卷 293-305页

作者： Doran B.Spencer nicholas J.Protopsaltis Daniel l.Chao Shiley Eye Institute Department of OphthalmologyUniversity of CaliforniaSan DiegoCAUSA

Diabetic retinopathy(DR)is the most common microvascular complication in patients with diabetes mellitus(DM),and remains the single greatest cause of blindness in working age adults around the *** this article,we review the evolution of pharmacotherapies for both diabetic macular edema(DME)and DR such as anti-vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors and various steroid formulations,as well as other emerging pharmacotherapies currently in late stage clinical testing for this disease.

关键词： Diabetic retinopathy(DR) diabetic macular edema(DME) vascular endothelial growth factor steroids clinical trials

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Endocannabinoids are potential inhibitors of glioblastoma multiforme proliferation

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2023年第2期21卷 120-129页

作者： Ashraf Duzan Desiree Reinken Timothy l.McGomery nicholas M.Ferencz Jacob M.Plummer Mufeed M.Basti School of Pharmacy Wingate UniversityWingateNC 28174USA Applied Science and Technology Department North Carolina State University of Agriculture and TechnologyGreensboroNC 27411USA College of Nursing University of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraCO 80045USA Collage of Arts and Science Department of Chemistry and PhysicsWingate UniversityWingateNC 28174USA

Globally,it is evident that glioblastoma multiforme(GBM)is an aggressive malignant cancer with a high mortality rate and no effective treatment *** is classified as the stage-four progression of a glioma tumor,and its diagnosis results in a shortened life *** options for GBM include chemotherapy,immunotherapy,surgical intervention,and conventional pharmacotherapy;however,at best,they extend the patient’s life by a maximum of 5 *** are considered incurable due to their high recurrence rate,despite various aggressive therapeutic approaches which can have many serious adverse ***,classified as endocannabinoids,offer a promising novel therapeutic approach for *** may enhance the apoptosis of GBM cells but have no effect on normal healthy neural *** promote atypical protein kinase C,deactivate fatty acid amide hydrolase enzymes,and activate transient receptor potential vanilloid 1(TRPV1)and TRPV2 to induce pro-apoptotic signaling pathways without increasing endogenous *** previous in vivo studies,endocannabinoids,chemically classified as amide formations of oleic and palmitic acids,have been shown to increase the pro-apoptotic activity of human cancer cells and inhibit cell migration and *** review focuses on the biological synthesis and pharmacology of endogenous cannabinoids for the enhancement of cancer cell apoptosis,which have potential as a novel therapy for GBM.

关键词： Glioblastoma Endocannabinoids Ceramide Apoptosis Chemotherapy Cancer

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