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Colonoscopy quality with Entonox? vs intravenous conscious sedation:18608 colonoscopy retrospective study

World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2017年第9期9卷 471-479页

作者： Alexander R Robertson nicholas A Kennedy james A Robertson nicholas I Church Colin L Noble Department of Gastroenterology Western General Hospital Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine University of Edinburgh Department of Gastroenterology University of Exeter School of Life Sciences University of Nottingham Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh

AIM To compare colonoscopy quality with nitrous oxide gas(Entonox?) against intravenous conscious sedation using midazolam plus *** A retrospective analysis was performed on a prospectively held database of 18608 colonoscopies carried out in Lothian health board hospitals between July 2013 and January *** quality of colonoscopies performed with Entonox was compared to intravenous conscious sedation(abbreviated in this article as IVM).Furthermore,the quality of colonoscopies performed with an unmedicated group was compared to *** study used the following key markers of colonoscopy quality:(1) patient comfort scores;(2) caecal intubation rates(CIRs); and (3) polyp detection rates (PDRs).We used binary logistic regression to model the *** There was no difference in the rate of moderate-toextreme discomfort between the Entonox and IVM groups (17.9% vs 18.8%; OR = 1.06,95%CI: 0.95-1.18,P = 0.27).Patients in the unmedicated group were less likely to experience moderate-to-extreme discomfort than those in the IVM group(11.4% vs 18.8%; OR = 0.71,95%CI: 0.60-0.83,P < 0.001).There was no difference in caecal intubation between the Entonox and IVM groups(94.4% vs 93.7%; OR = 1.08,95%CI: 0.92-1.28,P = 0.34).There was no difference in caecal intubation between the unmedicated and IVM groups (94.2% vs 93.7%; OR = 0.98,95%CI: 0.79-1.22,P = 0.87).Polyp detection in the Entonox group was not different from IVM group (35.0% vs 33.1%; OR = 1.01,95%CI: 0.93-1.10,P = 0.79).Polyp detection in the unmedicated group was not significantly different from the IVM group (37.4% vs 33.1%; OR = 0.97,95%CI: 0.87-1.08,P = 0.60).CONCLUSION The use of Entonox was not associated with lower colonoscopy quality when compared to intravenous conscious sedation using midazolam plus opioid.

关键词： Gastrointestinal endoscopy Colonoscopy Caecal intubation Benzodiazepine Polyp detection Nitrous oxide Entonox Midazolam Sedation Unsedated

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Conjunctions and/or Disjunctions： Radical Empiricism in the History of Philosophy

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Frontiers of Philosophy in China 2014年第1期9卷 130-148页

作者： nicholas S. Brasovan Department of Philosophy and Religion University of Central Arkansas AR 72035 USA

William james challenged the traditions of British Empiricism （Hume） on one hand and German Idealism （Kant and Hegel） on the other. james＇＂Radical Empiricism＂ is a via media （＂middle road＂） between these divergent positions. His central points of contention are the ontological status of relationships and the correct analysis of experience. British Empiricism leaves us with a world of separate, particular facts, based on atomic sense impressions. Idealists, on the other hand, claim that all worldly phenomena are conjoined by one rational principle. According to james＇ account, neither side recognizes that both conjunctive and disjunctive relations are integral to experience. Furthermore, james＇ critique proved to influence A. N. Whitehead＇s philosophy of experience and orientation toward Hume and Kant. This essay situates james＇ philosophy in this polemical and historical context.

关键词： William james Radical Empiricism American philosophy Kant,Whitehead Hume Hegel

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Elucidation of the ‘Honeycrisp’ pedigree through haplotype analysis with a multi-family integrated SNP linkage map and a large apple (Malus×domestica) pedigree-connected SNP data set

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Horticulture Research 2017年第1期4卷 358-364页

作者： nicholas P Howard Eric van de Weg David S Bedford Cameron P Peace Stijn Vanderzande Matthew D Clark Soon Li Teh Lichun Cai james J Luby Department of Horticultural Science University of MinnesotaSt Paul55104MNUSA Department of Plant Breeding Wageningen University and ResearchWageningen6700AJThe Netherlands Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture Washington State UniversityPullman99164WAUSA Department of Horticulture Michigan State UniversityEast Lansing48824MIUSA

The apple(Malus×domestica)cultivar Honeycrisp has become important economically and as a breeding *** earlier study with SSR markers indicated the original recorded pedigree of‘Honeycrisp’was incorrect and‘Keepsake’was identified as one putative parent,the other being *** objective of this study was to verify‘Keepsake’as a parent and identify and genetically describe the unknown parent and its grandparents.A multi-family based dense and high-quality integrated SNP map was created using the apple 8 K Illumina Infinium SNP *** map was used alongside a large pedigree-connected data set from the RosBREED project to build extended SNP haplotypes and to identify pedigree relationships.‘Keepsake’was verified as one parent of‘Honeycrisp’and‘Duchess of Oldenburg’and‘Golden Delicious’were identified as grandparents through the unknown *** this finding,siblings of‘Honeycrisp’were identified using the SNP *** records from several of these siblings suggested that the previously unreported parent is a University of Minnesota selection,*** selection is no longer available,but now is genetically described through imputed SNP *** also present the mosaic grandparental composition of‘Honeycrisp’for each of its 17 chromosome *** new pedigree and genetic information will be useful in future pedigree-based genetic studies to connect‘Honeycrisp’with other cultivars used widely in apple breeding *** created SNP linkage map will benefit future research using the data from the Illumina apple 8 and 20 K and Affymetrix 480 K SNP arrays.

关键词： Golden linkage connected

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Number of COVID-19 cases required in a population to detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater in the province of Alberta, Canada:Sensitivity assessment

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第3期125卷 843-850页

作者： Qiaozhi Li Bonita E.Lee Tiejun Gao Yuanyuan Qiu Erik Ellehoj Jiaao Yu Mathew Diggle Graham Tipples Rasha Maal-Bared Deena Hinshaw Christopher Sikora nicholas J.Ashbolt james Talbot Steve E.Hrudey Xiaoli Pang School of Public Health University of AlbertaEdmontonAB T6G 2R3Canada Department of Pediatrics University of AlbertaEdmontonAB T6G 1C9Canada Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology University of AlbertaEdmontonAB T6G 2B7Canada University of Alberta Central Receiving EdmontonAlbertaT6G 2R3Canada Provincial Laboratory for Public Health EdmontonAlbertaCanada EPCOR EdmontonAB T5H 0E8Canada Department of Medicine University of AlbertaEdmontonAB T6G 2G3Canada Faculty of Science and Engineering Southern Cross UniversityEast Lismore NSW 2480Australia

With a unique and large size of testing results of 1,842 samples collected from 12 wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) for 14 months through from low to high prevalence of COVID-19,the sensitivity of RT-qPCR detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater that correspond to the communities was computed by using Probit *** study determined the number of new COVID-19 cases per 100,000 population required to detect SARS-CoV-2RNA in wastewater at defined probabilities and provided an evidence-based framework of wastewater-based epidemiology surveillance (WBE).Input data were positive and negative test results of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater samples and the corresponding new COVID-19 case rates per 100,000 population served by each *** analyses determined that RT-qPCR-based SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection threshold at 50%,80%and 99%probability required a median of 8 (range:4-19),18 (9-43),and 38 (17-97) of new COVID-19 cases/100,000,***,the positive detection rate at 50%,80%and 99%probability were 0.01%,0.02%,and 0.04%averagely for new cases in the *** study improves understanding of the performance of WBE SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection using the large datasets and prolonged study *** COVID-19 burden at a community level that would result in a positive detection of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater is critical to support WBE application as a supplementary warning/monitoring system for COVID-19 prevention and control.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 cases Wastewater Probit analysis Probability Detection sensitivity

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High-density linkage map construction and identification of loci regulating fruit quality traits in blueberry

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Horticulture Research 2021年第1期8卷 2391-2403页

作者： Molla F.Mengist Hamed Bostan Elisheba Young Kristine L.Kay nicholas Gillitt james Ballington Colin D.Kay Mario G.Ferruzzi Hamid Ashrafi Mary Ann Lila Massimo Iorizzo Plants for Human Health Institute North Carolina State UniversityKannapolisNCUSA Department of Horticultural Science North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNCUSA David H.Murdock Research Institute KannapolisNCUSA Department of Food Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences North Carolina State UniversityRaleighNCUSA

Fruit quality traits play a significant role in consumer preferences and consumption in blueberry(Vaccinium corymbosum L).The objectives of this study were to construct a high-density linkage map and to identify the underlying genetic basis of fruit quality traits in blueberry.A total of 287 F_(1) individuals derived from a cross between two southern highbush blueberry cultivars,‘Reveille’and‘Arlen’,were phenotyped over three years(2016–2018)for fruit quality-related traits,including titratable acidity,pH,total soluble solids,and fruit weight.A high-density linkage map was constructed using 17k single nucleotide polymorphisms *** linkage map spanned a total of 1397 cM with an average inter-loci distance of 0.08 *** quantitative trait loci interval mapping based on the hidden Markov model identified 18 loci for fruit quality traits,including seven loci for fruit weight,three loci for titratable acidity,five loci for pH,and three loci for total soluble *** of these loci were detected in more than one *** loci explained phenotypic variance ranging from 7 to 28% for titratable acidity and total soluble solid,and 8-13% for ***,the loci identified for fruit weight did not explain more than 10%of the phenotypic *** also reported the association between fruit quality traits and metabolites detected by Proton nuclear magnetic resonance analysis directly responsible for these fruit quality *** acids,citric acid,and quinic acid were significantly(P<0.05)and positively correlated with titratable *** molecules showed a strong and positive correlation with total soluble ***,the study dissected the genetic basis of fruit quality traits and established an association between these fruit quality traits and metabolites.

关键词： cultivar linkage traits

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The use of shared haplotype length information for pedigree reconstruction in asexually propagated outbreeding crops, demonstrated for apple and sweet cherry

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Horticulture Research 2021年第1期8卷 2785-2797页

作者： nicholas P.Howard Cameron Peace Kevin A.T.Silverstein Ana Poets james J.Luby Stijn Vanderzande Charles-Eric Durel Helene Muranty Caroline Denance Eric van de Weg Institut fur Biologie und Umweltwissenschaften Carl von Ossietzky UniversityOldenburgGermany Department of Horticultural Science University of MinnesotaSt.PaulMNUSA Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture Washington State UniversityPullmanWashingtonWAUSA Minnesota Supercomputing Institute University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMNUSA Universited’Angers Institut AgroINRAEIRHSSFR 4207 QuaSaVBeaucouzeFrance Plant Breeding Wageningen University and ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands

Pedigree information is of fundamental importance in breeding programs and related genetics ***,many individuals have unknown *** methods to identify and confirm direct parent–offspring relationships are routine,those for other types of close relationships have yet to be effectively and widely implemented with plants,due to complications such as asexual propagation and extensive *** objective of this study was to develop and demonstrate methods that support complex pedigree reconstruction via the total length of identical by state haplotypes(referred to in this study as“summed potential lengths of shared haplotypes”,SPLoSH).A custom Python script,HapShared,was developed to generate SPLoSH data in apple and sweet *** was used to establish empirical distributions of SPLoSH data for known relationships in these *** distributions were then used to estimate previously unknown *** studies in each crop demonstrated various pedigree reconstruction scenarios using SPLoSH *** cherry,a full-sib relationship was deduced for‘Emperor Francis,and‘Schmidt’,a half-sib relationship for‘Van’and‘Windsor’,and the paternal grandparents of‘Stella’were *** apple,29 cultivars were found to share an unknown parent,the pedigree of the unknown parent of‘Cox’s Pomona’was reconstructed,and‘Fameuse’was deduced to be a likely grandparent of‘McIntosh’.Key genetic resources that enabled this empirical study were large genome-wide SNP array datasets,integrated genetic maps,and previously identified pedigree *** with similar resources are also expected to benefit from using HapShared for empowering pedigree reconstruction.

关键词： Python breeding crops

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Defining response to radiotherapy in rectal cancer using magnetic resonance imaging and histopathological scales

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第37期22卷 8414-8434页

作者： Muhammed RS Siddiqui Jemma Bhoday nicholas J Battersby Manish Chand nicholas P West Al-Mutaz Abulafi Paris P Tekkis Gina Brown Department of Colorectal Surgery Croydon University Hospital Croydon London CR7 7YE United Kingdom Department of Radiology Royal Marsden Hospital Sutton SM2 5PT United Kingdom Pathology and Tumour Biology Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology St. James's University Hospital Leeds LS9 7TF United Kingdom Department of Surgery Royal Marsden Hospital Fulham Rd London SM2 5PT United Kingdom

AIM To define good and poor regression using pathology and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) regression scales after neo-adjuvant chemotherapy for rectal *** A systematic review was performed on all studies up to December 2015, without language restriction, t h a t w e r e i d e n t i f i e d f r o m M E D L I N E, C o c h r a n e Controlled Trials Register(1960-2015), and EMBASE(1991-2015). Searches were performed of article bibliographies and conference abstracts. MeS H and text words used included "tumour regression", "mr TRG", "poor response" and "colorectal cancers". Clinical studies using either MRI or histopathological tumour regression grade(TRG) scales to define good and poor responders were included in relation to outcomes [local recurrence(LR), distant recurrence(DR), disease-free survival(DFS), and overall survival(OS)]. There was no age restriction or stage of cancer restriction for patient inclusion. Data were extracted by two authors working independently and using pre-defined outcome *** Quantitative data(prevalence) were extracted and analysed according to meta-analytical techniques using comprehensive meta-analysis. Qualitative data(LR, DR, DFS and OS) were presented as ranges. The overall proportion of poor responders after neo-adjuvant chemoradiotherapy(CRT) was 37.7%(95%CI: 30.1-45.8). There were 19 different reported histopathological scales and one MRI regression scale(mrT RG). Clinical studies used nine and six histopathological scales for poor and good responders, respectively. All studies using MRI to define good and poor response used one scale. The most common histopathological definition for good response was the Mandard grades 1 and 2 or Dworak grades 3 and 4; Mandard 3, 4 and 5 and Dworak 0, 1 and 2 were used for poor response. For histopathological grades, the 5-year outcomes for poor responders were LR 3.4%-4.3%, DR 14.3%-20.3%, DFS 61.7%-68.1% and OS 60.7-69.1. Good pathological response 5-year outcomes were LR

关键词： Tumour regression mrT RG Poor response Neo-adjuvant therapy Rectal cancer

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Role of artificial intelligence in Barrett’s esophagus

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Artificial Intelligence in Gastroenterology 2023年第2期4卷 28-35页

作者： Chin Hock nicholas Tee Rajesh Ravi Tiing Leong Ang james Weiquan Li Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Changi General HospitalSingapore Health ServicesSingapore 529889Singapore

The application of artificial intelligence(AI)in gastrointestinal endoscopy has gained significant traction over the last *** of the more recent applications of AI in this field includes the detection of dysplasia and cancer in Barrett’s esophagus(BE).AI using deep learning methods has shown promise as an adjunct to the endoscopist in detecting dysplasia and *** from visual detection and diagnosis,AI may also aid in reducing the considerable interobserver variability in identifying and distinguishing dysplasia on whole slide images from digitized BE histology *** review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the key studies thus far as well as providing an insight into the future role of AI in Barrett’s esophagus.

关键词： Artificial intelligence Barrett’s esophagus Dysplasia Cancer

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Hypothetical Commercialization of Biotech Soybeans in China： Impacts on Domestic Markets and International Trade

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Journal of Life Sciences 2010年第3期4卷 52-60页

作者： Francis Tuan james Hansen Agapi Somwaru Mary Marchant nicholas Kalaitzandonakes Funing Zhong Economic Research Service United States Department of Agriculture Washington DC 20036 USA College of Agriculture and Life Sciences Virginia Tech Blacksburg VA 24031 USA ~ Department of Agricultural Economics University of Missouri-Columbia Columbia MO 65211 USA College of Economics and Management Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing 210095 China

China is the leading importer of soybeans in the world. If China adopts high yield biotech soybean varieties, China＇s soybean production would increase significantly and this would impact global soybean markets. This paper assesses the possible effects of adoption of herbicide-tolerant, biotech soybeans in China and its impact on the world soybean trade. Results indicate that under a low technology fee and high adoption rate, China would be able to satisfy its soybean food demand. Urban consumers＇ strong preference for non-biotech soybean oil may lead to increase in imports of non-biotech soybeans.

关键词： China biotech soybeans partial equilibrium model trade effect.

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Using a Collateral Damage Model to Explain Survival Data in West Nile Virus Infections

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Advances in Microbiology 2016年第4期6卷 251-262页

作者： james K. Peterson Alison M. Kesson nicholas J. C. King Department of Mathematical and Biological Sciences Clemson University Clemson SC USA Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology The Children’s Hospital Sydney Australia Discipline of Pediatrics and Child Health The Marie Bashir Institute for Emerging Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity University of Sydney Sydney Australia Discipline of Pathology University of Sydney Sydney Australia

Simulation code for a model of the adaptive immune response seen in flavivirus infections is used to explain the immunopathological consequences seen in West Nile Virus virus (WNV) infections. We use a model that specifically handles the differences in how the virus infects resting cells, the G0 state, versus dividing cells, the G1 state, which includes vastly increased MHC-I upregulation for resting cells over dividing cells. The simulation suggests how the infection progresses in a one host model and the results shed insight into the unusual survival curve data obtained for this infection: there is an increase in health even though viral load has increased.

关键词： Auto Immune Responses West Nile Virus Host Survival Models MHC-I Upregulation IFN-γ Upregulation Free Antigen Levels

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