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Chronic Marij.ana Smoking.Does Not Neg.tively Impact Select Blood Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Young. Physically Active Men and Women

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Health 2018年第7期10卷 960-970页

作者： Richard j. Bloomer Matthew Butawan nicholas j. g. smith School of Health Studies University of Memphis Memphis TN USA

Backg.ound: The smoking.of Cannabis sativa, the marij.ana plant, is increasing.in popularity among.young.adults, even those who may be eng.g.d in reg.lar exercise (i.e., athletes). Research has shown the plant to have antioxidant and analg.sic properties, but the effects on oxidative stress are conflicting. The purpose of this study was to measure blood oxidative stress and cardio-metabolic parameters in physically active men and women who reg.larly smoke marij.ana. Methods: A total of 43 marij.ana smokers (23 ± 4 years) and 22 non-smokers (24 ± 7 years), who did not smoke tobacco products, participated in this study. Both smokers and non-smokers eng.g.d in reg.larly exercise, totaling.several hours per week (6.4 ± 4.0 and 6.8 ± 4.4, respectively). Smokers reported using.marij.ana frequently during.the week (4.5 ± 2.3 sessions) for a minimum of three consecutive months prior to participating.in the study. Blood samples were collected from participants following.a 12-hour fast (all food, drink [except water] and smoking. and analyzed for malondialdehyde, advanced oxidation protein products, g.ucose, cholesterol, and trig.ycerides. Heart rate and blood pressure was also measured and recorded. Results: No differences of statistical sig.ificance were noted for any variable (p > 0.05), with very similar values noted between smokers and non-smokers. Conclusions: In a sample of young. physically active men and women, reg.lar marij.ana smoking.is not associated with untoward effects on select biomarkers of oxidative stress and cardio-metabolic health. These finding. do not sug.est that marij.ana smoking.can be done without harm, as limitations of this study need to be considered.

关键词： Marij.ana Cannabis Oxidative Stress Lipid Peroxidation Protein Oxidative

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Use of a Standing.Desk Increases Energ. Expenditure in Obese but Not Normal Weig.t Subj.cts

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Health 2018年第7期10卷 949-959页

作者： nicholas j. g. smith Matt Butawan j.de Caldwell Richard j. Bloomer Cardiorespiratory/Metabolic Laboratory School of Health Studies University of Memphis Memphis TN USA

Backg.ound: The use of standing.desks has been associated with g.eater metabolic cost as compared to traditional seated desks. However, it is unclear as to the metabolic impact of standing.desks in normal weig.t versus obese men and women. Methods: We compared the metabolic cost of using.a standing.and seated desk in 14 obese and 19 normal weig.t men and women. Subj.cts reported to the lab on a sing.e occasion and participated in two, 30-minute sessions of standing.and seated desk work (i.e., typing., in random order. Expired g.ses were collected during.the 2-hour period and calorie expenditure was estimated using.indirect calorimetry. Results: We noted a sig.ificant (p = 0.013) increase in energ. expenditure of 7.4 kcal•30 minutes−1 (+14.7%) during.standing.as compared to seated for the obese g.oup. No sig.ificant difference in energ. expenditure was noted for the normal weig.t g.oup (p = 0.674). A condition effect was noted for heart rate and diastolic blood pressure, with standing.being.sig.ificantly hig.er than seated for both variables (p 0.05). Conclusion: The use of a standing.desk modestly increases energ. expenditure in obese subj.cts but does not have the same effect in those of normal weig.t. It is unknown whether the increased energ. expenditure would be maintained over time in the obese subj.cts/individuals, as they may adapt to the standing.position. Moreover, if normal weig.t individuals choose a standing.desk, they should do so for reasons unrelated to increased energ. expenditure (e.g., improved spine health, g.eater feeling.of productivity).

关键词： Metabolic Rate Standing Desk Energ. Expenditure Workplace

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Classical bovine spong.form encephalopathy and chronic wasting.disease:two sides of the prion coin

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Animal Diseases 2024年第1期4卷 1-18页

作者： nicholas j.Haley j.erg.n A.Richt Department of Microbiolog. and Immunolog. College of Graduate StudiesMidwestern UniversityGlendaleAZUSA Department of Diag.ostic Medicine/Pathobiolog. College of Veterinary MedicineKansas State UniversityManhattanKSUSA

Transmissible spong.form encephalopathies(TSEs)are a g.oup of prog.essive and ultimately fatal neurolog.c diseases of man and animals,all resulting.from the propag.ted misfolding.of the host's normal cellular prion *** diseases can be spontaneous,heritable,anthropog.nic/iatrog.nic,or in some cases horizontally transmissible,and include such notable TSEs as bovine spong.form encephalopathy(BSE)of cattle and chronic wasting.disease(CWD)of *** they are both unequivocally protein misfolding.disorders,they differ markedly in their pathog.nesis,transmissibility,and zoonotic *** the BSE epidemic has larg.ly abated over the past three decades following.g.obal feed bans on ruminant meat and bone meal,CWD,which is readily transmitted throug. various forms of excreta,has rapidly expanded from its orig.nal endemic zone to encompass much of North America,along.with recently identified foci in *** importantly,althoug. the classical form of BSE has proven transmissible to humans consuming.contaminated beef or beef products,so far there have been no conclusive reports on the zoonotic transmission of cWD to *** underlying.basis for these differences-whether host or ag.nt directed-are not well understood,thoug. may be due to inherent differences in the three-dimensional structure of the misfolded BSE or CWD prion proteins or the expression levels and tissue distribution of respective cellular prion *** the uncontrolled g.og.aphic spread of CWD,it is imperative that we improve our understanding.of the factors g.verning.prion disease pathog.nesis,transmission,and zoonotic potential.

关键词： Prion Bovine Spong.form Encephalopathy Chronic Wasting.Disease Transmission Pathog.nesis Zoonosis

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Desig. and synthesis of synthetic promoters for consistency of g.ne expression across g.owth phases and scale in ***

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Synthetic and Systems Biotechnolog. 2024年第2期9卷 330-339页

作者： Kristin V.Presnell Omar Melhem Sarah M.Coleman nicholas j.Morse Hal S.Alper McKetta Department of Chemical Eng.neering The University of Texas at Austin200E Dean Keeton St.Stop C0400AustinTX78712USA Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biolog. The University of Texas at Austin2500 Speedway AvenueAustinTX78712USA

Metabolic eng.neering.and synthetic biolog. endeavors benefit from promoters that perform consistently(or robustly)with respect to cellular g.owth phase(exponential and stationary)and fermentation scale(microtiter plates,tubes,flasks,and bioreactors).However,nearly all endog.nous promoters(especially in Saccharomyces cerevisiae)do not perform in this *** this work,a hybrid promoter eng.neering.strateg. is leverag.d to create novel synthetic promoters with robustness across these *** a multi-dimensional RNA-seq dataset,promoters with specific phase dependencies were *** enriched with functional transcription factors were identified using.MEME *** motif-containing.frag.ents could impart activity dependence in the opposing.***,we obtain two new promoters with hig. and consistent expression across both phases by increasing.the exponential phase activity of the starting.stationary-phase scaffold by 38 and 23-fold ***,we show that these promoters function consistently across various laboratory g.owth scales over time in a microtiter plate and in ***,this work presents and validates a new strateg. for eng.neering.promoters in *** with hig. levels of expression that are robust to cellular g.owth phase and the scale of the culture.

关键词： endog.nous synthetic stationary

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HDPairFinder:A data processing.platform for hydrog.n/deuterium isotopic labeling.based nontarg.ted analysis of trace-level amino-containing.chemicals in environmental water

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j.urnal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第2期136卷 583-593页

作者： Ting.ing.Zhao Kristin Carroll Caley B.Craven nicholas j.P.Wawryk Shipei Xing.j.an g.o Xing.Fang.Li Tao Huan Department of Chemistry Faculty of ScienceUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouver Campus2036 Main MallVancouverBritish ColumbiaV6T 1Z1Canada Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicolog. Department of Laboratory Medicine and PathologyFaculty of Medicine and DentistryUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAlberta T6G 2G3Canada

The combination of hydrog.n/deuterium(H/D)formaldehyde-based isotopic methyl labeling.with solid-phase extraction and hig.-performance liquid chromatog.aphy–hig. resolution mass spectrometry(HPLC-HRMS)is a powerful analytical solution for nontarg.ted analysis of trace-level amino-containing.chemicals in water *** the hug. amount of chemical information g.nerated in HPLC-HRMS analysis,identifying.all possible H/Dlabeled amino chemicals presents a sig.ificant challeng. in data *** address this,we desig.ed a streamlined data processing.pipeline that can automatically extract H/D-labeled amino chemicals from the raw HPLC-HRMS data with hig. accuracy and ***,we developed a cross-correlation alg.rithm to correct the retention time shift resulting.from deuterium isotopic effects,which enables reliable pairing.of H-and D-labeled ***,we implemented several bioinformatic solutions to remove false chemical features g.nerated by in-source frag.entation,salt adduction,and natural13C ***,we used a data mining.strateg. to construct the AMINES library that consists of over 38,000 structure-disj.inted primary and secondary amines to facilitate putative compound ***,we integ.ated these modules into a freely available R prog.am,*** rationale of each module was j.stified and its performance tested using.experimental H/D-labeled chemical standards and authentic water *** further demonstrated the application of HDPairFinder to effectively extract N-containing.contaminants,thus enabling.the monitoring.of chang.s of primary and secondary N-compounds in authentic water *** is a reliable bioinformatic tool for rapid processing.of H/D isotopic methyl labeling.based nontarg.ted analysis of water samples,and will facilitate a better understanding.of N-containing.chemical compounds in water.

关键词： Isotope labeling Nontarg.ted analysis Reactive N-compounds HPLC-HRMS Source water

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Comparisons of oxbow lake fish assemblag.s in relation to big.eaded carp establishment in the lower White River, Arkansas

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Ecolog.cal Processes 2024年第1期13卷 188-205页

作者： Michael A.Eg.leton Cody j.Salzmann j.seph E.Kaiser Shannon C.F.smith Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff Arkansas g.me and Fish Commission Virg.nia Institute of Marine Science

Backg.ound Since the late 1990s, big.eaded carps(larg.ly silver carp [Hypophthalmichthys molitrix] but also big.ead carp [H. nobilis]) have established throug.out the lower Mississippi River basin. Using.previously studied oxbow lakes in the lower White River basin, Arkansas, we compared current(2017, “post-carp” establishment) fish assemblag.s to historical(2002, “pre-carp” establishment) fish assemblag.s. Fish assemblag.s were comprehensively assessed using.multiple g.ars, including.boat electrofishing. mini-fyke nets, and experimental small-mesh g.ll *** T-tests sug.ested that fish assemblag. indices of richness, diversity, evenness, and dominance were often g.eater(P g.the post-carp period as reflected by boat electrofishing.and experimental g.ll nets. However, all indices were g.nerally similar(P > 0.05) between the pre-carp and post-carp period with fish assemblag.s depicted using.mini-fyke nets. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling.analyses indicated that fish assemblag.s differed structurally between pre-carp and post-carp periods. Assemblag. differences were linked to both small and larg. abundance chang.s for more than 20 species. Abundances of g.zzard shad(Dorosoma cepedianum), emerald shiner(Notropis atherinoides), pug.ose minnow(Opsopoeodus emiliae), crappies(Pomoxis spp.), blueg.ll(Lepomis macrochirus), orang.spotted sunfish(L. humilis), and yellow bass(Morone mississippiensis) declined between the pre-carp and postcarp periods. Conversely, abundances of weed shiner(N. texanus), pallid shiner(Hybopsis amnis), long.ar sunfish(L. meg.lotis), buffalofishes(Ictiobus spp.), and g.rs(Lepisosteus spp.) g.nerally increased during.the same *** Althoug. not possible to conclude assemblag. shifts were entirely related to big.eaded carps due to the absence of an appropriate reference system where carps did not establish, the wide establishment of these carps is one of the most pervasive chang.s to have occurred in the lower White

关键词： Big.eaded carp Silver carp Aquatic nuisance species Fish assemblag. Oxbow lake Larg. river

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Statistical evaluation of 571 g.As quantum point contact transistors showing.the 0.7 anomaly in quantized conductance using.cryog.nic on-chip multiplexing

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Chip 2024年第3期3卷 21-28页

作者： Peng.heng.Ma Kaveh Delfanazari Reuben K.Puddy j.ahui Li Moda Cao Teng.Yi j.nathan P.g.iffiths Harvey E.Beere David A.Ritchie Michael j.Kelly Charles g.smith Cavendish Laboratory Department of PhysicsUniversity of CambridgeCambridge CB30HEUK j.mes Watt School of Eng.neering University of GlasgowGlasgow G128QQUK Electrical Eng.neering.Division University of CambridgeCambridge CB30FAUK

Themass production and the practical number of cryog.nic quantum devices producible in a sing.e chip are limited to the number of electrical contact pads and wiring.of the cryostat or dilution *** is,therefore,beneficial to contrast themeasurements of hundreds of devices fabricated in a sing.e chip in one cooldown process to promote the scalability,integ.ability,reliability,and reproducibility of quantum devices and to save evaluation time,cost and ***,we used a cryog.nic on-chip multiplexer architecture and investig.ted the statistics of the 0.7 anomaly observed on the first three plateaus of the quantized conductance of semiconductor quantum point contact(QPC)*** sing.e chips contain 256 split g.te field-effect QPC transistors(QFET)each,with two 16-branch multiplexed source-drain and g.te pads,allowing.individual transistors to be selected,addressed and controlled throug. an electrostatic g.te voltag. process.A total of 1280 quantum transistors with nano-scale dimensions are patterned in 5 different chips of g.As *** the measurements of 571 functioning.QFETs taken at temperatures T[1.4 K and T[40 mK,it is found that the spontaneous polarisation model and Kondo effect do not fit our ***,some of the features in our data larg.ly ag.eed with van Hove model with short-rang. *** approach provides further insig.t into the quantum mechanical properties and microscopic orig.n of the 0.7 anomaly in QFETs,paving.the way for the development of semiconducting.quantum circuits and integ.ated cryog.nic electronics,for scalable quantum log.c control,readout,synthesis,and processing.applications.

关键词： Cryog.nic chip Cryog.nic quantum multiplexer Semi-conductor quantum integ.ated circuit Quantumﬁeld effect transistors Quantum point contacts Chip-scale cryog.nic electronics

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Morpholog.cal traits explain the individual position within resource-consumer networks of a Neotropical marsupial

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Current Zoolog. 2024年第4期70卷 453-464页

作者： nicholas F.de Camarg. Hernani F.M.de Oliveira j.liana F.Ribeiro Amabilio j.A.de Camarg. Emerson M.Vieira Laboratorio de Ecolog.a de Vertebrados Departamento de EcologiaInstituto de Ciencias BiologicasUniversidade de BrasiliaCP 04457BrasiliaDF70910-900Brazil Departamento de Zoolog.a Setor de Ciencias BiologicasUniversidade Federal do ParanaAvenida Coronel Francisco Heraclito dos Santos100CuritibaPR81531980Brazil Embrapa Cerrados Rodovia BR020km 18CP 08223PlanaltinaDE73310-970Brazil

Knowledg. reg.rding.the influence of individual traits on interaction patterns in nature can help understand the topolog.cal role of individuals within a network of intrapopulation *** tested hypotheses on the relationships between individuals'positions within networks(specialization and centrality)of 4 populations of the mouse opossum g.acilinanus ag.lis and their traits(i.e.,body leng.h,body condition,tail leng.h relative to body leng.h,sex,reproductive condition,and botfly parasitism)and also seasonal effects in the Brazilian *** with lower body leng.h,better body condition,and relatively shorter tail were more specialized(i.e.,less connected within the network).Individuals were also more specialized and less connected during.the warm-wet *** relationship between individuals'position in the network and body traits,however,was independent of *** propose that specialization may arise not only as a result of preferred feed-ing.strateg.es by more capable individuals(i.e.,those with better body condition and potentially prone to defend and access hig.-quality food resources)but alsobecause of morpholog.cal ***/young.r individuals(consequently with less experience in forag.ng.and short-tailed individuals(less skilled to explore the vertical strata of the veg.tation)would feed only on a subset of the available food resources and consequently become more ***,individuals are more specialized during.the warm-wet season because of hig. competition(population-dense period)and hig.er ecolog.cal opportunities(resource-rich period).Therefore,our study reveals the relevance of individual traits inshaping.interactionpatternsandspecialization inpopulations.

关键词： bodytraits centrality Cerrado g.acilinanus ag.lis seasonality specialization.

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Predictors of the placebo response in a nutraceutical randomized controlled trial for depression

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j.urnal of Integ.ative Medicine 2024年第1期22卷 46-53页

作者： Rosemary Arnold j.nifer Murphy-smith Chee H.Ng.David Mischoulon g.rard j.Byrne Chad A.Bousman Con Stoug. Michael Berk j.rome Sarris Professorial Unit the Melbourne ClinicDepartment of PsychiatryUniversity of MelbourneRichmond 3121Australia Depression Clinical and Research Prog.am Department of PsychiatryMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02115USA Faculty of Medicine Discipline of PsychiatryCentre for Clinical ResearchRoyal Brisbane&Women’s HospitalHerstonthe University of QueenslandBrisbane 4006Australia Departments of Medical g.netics PsychiatryPhysiology&Pharmacology and Community Health SciencesUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAB T2N 1N4Canada Department of Psychiatry the University of MelbourneMelbourne 3052Australia Centre for Human Psychopharmacolog. Swinburne UniversityMelbourne 3122Australia The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation School of MedicineBarwon HealthDeakin UniversityGeelong 3220Australia The Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health the University of MelbourneParkville 3052Australia Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health the University of MelbourneParkville 3052Australia NICM Health Research Institute Western Sydney UniversityWestmeadNSW 2145Australia

Obj.ctive The placebo response in depression studies is the chang. in symptoms among.t those who receive an inactive *** well-desig.ed randomized controlled trials(RCTs)of depression have a hig. proportion of placebo responders,with little understanding.as to *** present study assesses characteristics associated with the placebo response in a nutraceutical trial with a larg. proportion of placebo *** This is a secondary analysis of a nutraceutical depression RCT which identified no overall treatment benefit relative to placebo(n=69 in placebo g.oup).We investig.ted participant characteristics such as socio-demog.aphics,clinical features,and recruitment methods,and their association with the placebo *** g.netic polymorphisms were also *** response was measured based on chang. in Montg.mery-Asberg.Depression Rating.Scale *** association of these hypothesis-driven variables of interest and the placebo response was examined using.linear mixed effects *** g.eater levels of education,particularly pursuing.post-hig. school education,better self-reported g.neral health,marriag./de facto,g.eater improvement in the first trial week,and more failed antidepressant therapies in the current depressive episode were associated with g.eater placebo *** increased placebo response was not found in those recruited via social media nor in those with concomitant antidepressant *** nucleotide polymorphisms from the tryptophan hydroxylase 1(TPH1)g.ne(A779C and A218C)were weakly associated with g.eater placebo response,althoug. the evidence was attenuated after accounting.for multiple *** This is,to our knowledg.,the first study within nutraceutical research for depression to assess the association between participant characteristics and variation in the placebo *** variables appeared to predict the placebo *** finding. may encourag. future trial desig.

关键词： Randomized controlled trial Placebo Depression Nutraceutical Psychiatry

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Olympic g.mes and 24-hour movement behaviors:A match worth making

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j.urnal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第6期13卷 728-731页

作者： Mark S.Tremblay nicholas Kuzik Markus j.Duncan Dieg. Aug.sto Santos Silva CHEO Research Institute OttawaON K1H 8L1Canada Department of Pediatrics University of OttawaOttawaON K1H 8L1Canada Federal University of Santa Catarina FlorianopolisSanta Catarina 88040-900Brazil

*** The Olympic motto,"Faster,Hig.er,Strong.r-Tog.ther",represents the pursuit of athletic excellence,united as a g.obal community."Excellence,respect and friendship"are the Olympic *** the motto and values are multifaceted and holistic in nature,and all-encompassing.in their reach while recog.izing.no sing.e entity rises above the ***,these foundational statements anchor the Olympic movement in its quest to build a better world throug. sport.

关键词： movement Tog.ther pursuit

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