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Percutaneous coronary intervention of totally occluded coronary venous bypass grafts:An exercise in futility?

World journal of Cardiology 2021年第9期13卷 493-502页

作者： Evan W Nardone Brandon M Madsen Melissa M McCarey David L Fischman nicholas j ruggiero Paul Walinsky Alec Vishnevsky Michael P Savage Department of Medicine Thomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphiaPA 19107United States Department of Anesthesiology Medstar Georgetown University HospitalWashingtonDC 20007United States jefferson Clinical Research Institue Thomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphiaPA 19107United States

BACKGROUND Percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)of diseased saphenous vein grafts(SVG)continues to pose a clinical *** PCI guidelines give a class III recommendation against performing PCI on chronically occluded ***,contemporary outcomes after SVG intervention have incrementally improved with distal protection devices,intracoronary vasodilators,drug-eluting stents,and prolonged dual antiplatelet *** To reassess the procedural and long-term outcomes of PCI for totally occluded SVG with contemporary *** This was a retrospective observational study conducted at a single university *** study population consisted of 35 consecutive patients undergoing PCI of totally occluded ***-procedure dual antiplatelet therapy was continued for a minimum of one year and aspirin was continued *** outcomes were assessed at a mean follow-up of 1221±1038 *** primary outcome was freedom from a major adverse cardiac event(MACE)defined as the occurrence of any of the following:death,myocardial infarction,stroke,repeat bypass surgery,repeat PCI,or graft *** The study group included 29 men and 6 women with a mean age of 69±12 *** was present in 14(40%)*** patients had Canadian Heart Classification class III or IV *** presentation was an acute coronary syndrome in 34(97%)*** SVG age was 12±5 *** duration of occlusion was acute(24 h to 30 d)in 26%,and late(>30 d)in 40%.PCI was initially successful in 29/35 SVG occlusions(83%).Total stent length was 52±35 *** complications of distal embolization or no-reflow occurred in 6(17%)*** longer term follow-up,MACE-free survival was only 30%at 3 years and 17%at 5 *** PCI of totally occluded SVG can be performed with a high procedural success ***,its clinical utility remains limited by poor follow-up outcomes.

关键词： Coronary artery bypass grafting Coronary stents Chronic total occlusion Percutaneous coronary intervention Restenosis Saphenous vein grafts

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Heart healthy equals prostate healthy and statins, aspirin, and/or metformin （S.A.M.） are the ideal recommendations for prostate cancer prevention

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Asian journal of Andrology 2015年第5期17卷 783-791,I0008页

作者： Mark A Moyad nicholas j Vogelzang Department of Urology University of Michigan Medical Center Ann Arbor Michigan USA Developmental Therapeutics Committee and Genitourinary Committee for US Oncology Research Comprehensive Cancer Centers of Nevada Las Vegas Nevada USA

Cardiovascular disease （CVD） has been the number one cause of death in the U.S. for 114 of the last 115 years. Lifestyle factors that promote CVD also appear to increase prostate cancer risk and those that reduce CVD risk also appear to reduce the risk of prostate cancer. The largest randomized trials utilizing dietary supplements or pharmacologic agents for prostate cancer prevention （Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial [SELECT]） have also shed light on the problems and future solutions in this area. Dietary supplements that have not been found to be CVD protective, such as selenium and Vitamin E have not been found to be prostate protective. In addition, over exposure to specific anti-oxidants in nutritionally replete populations may be encouraging cancer growth. Futuretrials of dietary supplements to prevent prostate cancer could be problematic because by the time a definitive trial is initiated the participants will no longer be ＂deficient＂ in the nutrient being tested, which arguably occurred in the SELECT trial. It is also interesting that statins, aspirin, and/or metformin （S.A.M.） are 3 generic, low-cost, heart healthy agents derived from natural sources with separate mechanism of actions, which all appear to have the best benefit to risk ratio compared to any other agent available for prostate cancer prevention, especially aggressive disease, or as an ancillary agent （s） to conventional cancer treatment. It is time to focus on the forest over the trees and recommend proven CVD protective measures for men concerned about their risk of prostate cancer.

关键词： aspirin diet lifestyle metformin prostate cancer statins

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Teleseismic waves reveal anisotropic poroelastic response of wastewater disposal reservoir

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2021年第6期5卷 547-558页

作者： Andrew j Barbour nicholas M Beeler u.s.geological survey earthquake science centerusa

Connecting earthquake nucleation in basement rock to fluid injection in basal,sedimentary reservoirs,depends heavily on choices related to the poroelastic properties of the fluid-rock system,thermo-chemical effects *** constraints on these parameters outside of laboratory settings are rare,and it is commonly assumed that the rock layers are *** the Arbuckle wastewater disposal reservoir in Osage County,Oklahoma,high-frequency formation pressure changes and collocated broadband ground velocities measured during the passing of large teleseismic waves show a poroelastic response of the reservoir that is both azimuthally variable and anisotropic;this includes evidence of static shifts in pressure that presumably relate to changes in local *** azimuthal dependence in both the static response and shear coupling appears related to tectonic stress and strain indicators such as the orientations of the maximum horizontal stress and faults and *** dynamic strains from a nearby borehole strainmeter,we show that the ratio of shear to volumetric strain coupling is~0.41 which implies a mean Skempton's coefficient of A=0.24 over the plausible range of the undrained Poisson's *** these observations are made at relatively low confining pressure and differential stress,we suggest that the hydraulically conductive fracture network is a primary control on the coupling between pore pressure diffusion and elastic stresses in response to natural or anthropogenic sources.

关键词： poroelasticity dynamic strain anisotropy wastewater disposal Oklahoma induced seismicity

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A global consistent positive effect of urban green area size on bird richness

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Avian Research 2019年第3期10卷 271-284页

作者： Lucas M.Leveau Adriana ruggiero Thomas j.Matthews M.Isabel Bellocq Departamento de Ecologia Geneica y EvolucionFacultad de Ciencias Exactas y NaturalesUniversidad de Buenos Aires-IEGEBA(CONICET-UBA) Intendente Guiraldes 2160Ciudad UniversitariaPab 2Piso 4C1428EGA Buenos AiresArgentina Laboratorio Ecotono Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche-Universidad Nacional del ComahueINIBIOMA-CONICET8400 San Carlos de BarilocheRio NegroArgentina GEES (School of Geography Earth and Environmental Sciences) and the Birmingham Institute of Forest ResearchThe University of Birmingham Birmingham B15 2TTUK Departamento de Ciencias e Engenharia do Ambiente CE3C-Centre for EcologyEvolution and Environmental Changes/Azorean Biodiversity Group and Universidade dos Acores9700-042 Angra do HeroismoAcoresPortugal

Background: Although the species-urban green area relationship (SARu) has been analyzed worldwide, the global consistency of its parameters, such as the fit and the slope of models, remains unexplored. Moreover,the SARu can be explained by 20 different models. Therefore, our objective was to evaluate which models provide a better explanation of SARus and, focusing on the power model,to evaluate the global heterogeneity in its fit and slope. Methods: We tested the performance of multiple statistical models in accounting for the way in which species richness increases with area, and examined whether variability in model form was associated with various methodological and environmental factors. Focusing on the power model, we analyzed the global heterogeneity in the fit and slope of the models through a meta-analysis. Results: Among 20 analyzed models, the linear model provided the best fit to the most datasets, was the top ranked model according to our efficiency criterion, and was the top overall ranked *** Kobayashi and power models were the second and third overall ranked models, *** number of green areas and the minimum number of species within a green area were the only significant variables explaining the variation in model form and performance, accounting for less than 10% of the variation. Based on the power model,there was a consistent overall fit (r2=0.50) and positive slope of 0.20 for the species richness increase with area ***:The good fit of the linear model to our SARu datasets contrasts with the non-linear SAR frequently found in true and non-urban habitat island systems;however, this finding may be a result of the small sample size of many SARu datasets. The overall power model slope of 0.20 suggests low levels of isolation among urban green patches, or alternatively that habitat specialist and area sensitive species have already been extirpated from urban green areas.

关键词： Birds Conservation macroecology Habitat islands Species-area relationships Species-urban green area relationship Urban parks Urbanization

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Breaking the biotrophic interfacial complex:How genome editing can lead to rice blast resistance

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Molecular Plant 2023年第8期16卷 1243-1245页

作者： Vincent Were nicholas j.Talbot The Sainsbury Laboratory University of East AngliaNorwich Research ParkNorwich NR47UHUK

Genome editing is a transformational technology—by precisely altering the coding or regulatory sequence of a specific gene,it is now possible to change specific traits within a wide variety of *** a consequence,plant breeding can be taken to a new level of precision,and many countries are moving rapidly to adopt new legislation to permit genome editing(Greenwood et al.,2023).However,genome editing has so far seldom been used to develop disease-resistant *** is because plant immunity often depends on single dominant resistance genes,which encode immune receptors that recognize secreted effectors deployed by plant pathogens(jones and Dangl,2006).In this context,genetic modification has proven to be a much more powerful technology so far to introduce these genes from distinct varieties,or even different species,to develop disease resistant crop species(Greenwood et al.,2023),especially when multiple disease-resistance loci can be introduced together to provide more durable resistance(Luo et al.,2021).Genome editing can be used in an innovative way to resurrect previously effective resistance genes(Contreras et al.,2023),but it has been less effective at introducing new forms of disease resistance to crops.

关键词： breeding resistance editing

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Integrating volunteered smartphone data with multispectral remote sensing to estimate forest fuels

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International journal of Digital Earth 2016年第2期9卷 171-196页

作者： Colin j.Ferster nicholas C.Coops Department of Forest Resources Management University of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada

Volunteered data sources are readily available due to advances in electronic communications *** example,smartphones provide tools to collect ground-based observations over broad areas from a diverse set of data collectors,including people with,and without,extensive *** this study,volunteers used a smartphone application to collect ground-based *** structural components were then estimated over a broader area using high spatial resolution RapidEye remote sensing imagery(5 spectral bands 440–850 nm,5 m spatial resolution)and a digital elevation model following a three nearest neighbor approach(K-NN).Participants with professional forestry experience on average chose highpriority fuel load locations near buildings,while nonprofessional participants chose a broader range of conditions over a larger *** used together,the professional and nonprofessional observations provided a more complete assessment of forest conditions.A generalized framework is presented that utilizes K-NN imputation tools for estimating the distribution of forest fuels using remote sensing and topography variables,ensuring spatial representation,checking attribute accuracy,and evaluating predictor *** to integrate volunteered data from smartphone platforms with remote sensing may contribute toward more complete Earth observation for Digital Earth.

关键词： citizen science public participation in scientific research mobile RapidEye red edge WUI

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Thalidomide ameliorates portal hypertension via nitric oxide synthase independent reduced systolic blood pressure

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第14期21卷 4126-4135页

作者： nicholas G Theodorakis Yining N Wang Vyacheslav A Korshunov Mary A Maluccio nicholas j Skill Division of Transplant Surgery Department of SurgerySchool of MedicineIndiana University School of Medicine University of Rochester

AIM: Portal hypertension is a common complication of liver cirrhosis and significantly increases mortality and *** reports have suggested that the compound thalidomide attenuates portal hypertension(PHT).However, the mechanism for this action is not fully *** hypothesis is that thalidomide destabilizes tumor necrosis factor α(TNFα) mR NA and therefore diminishes TNFα induction of nitric oxide synthase(NOS) and the production of nitric oxide(NO).To examine this hypothesis, we utilized the murine partial portal vein ligation(PVL) PHT model in combination with endothelial or inducible NOS isoform gene knockout ***: Wild type, inducible nitric oxide synthase(i NOS)-/- and endothelial nitric oxide synthase(e NOS)-/-mice received either PVL or sham surgery and were given either thalidomide or *** nitrate(total nitrate, NOx) was measured daily for 7 d as a surrogate of NO *** TNFα level was quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent ***α m RNA was quantified in liver and aorta tissue by reverse transcription-polymerase chain *** was determined by recording splenic pulp pressure(SPP) and abdominal aortic flow after 0-7 *** to thalidomide was determined by measurement of SPP and mean arterial pressure(MAP).RESULTS: SPP, abdominal aortic flow(Qao) and plasma NOx were increased in wild type and i NOS-/-PVL mice when compared to sham operated control *** contrast, SPP, Qao and plasma NOx were not increased in e NOS-/- PVL mice when compared to sham *** TNFα level in both sham and PVL mice was below the detection limit of the commercial ELISA ***, the effect of thalidomide on serum TNFα levels was undetermined in wild type, e NOS-/-or i NOS-/- *** acutely increased plasma NOx in wild type and e NOS-/- mice but not i NOS-/-***, thalidomide temporarily(0-90 min) decreased mean arterial pressure, SPP and Qao in wild type, e NOS-/- and i NOS-/- PVL mice, aft

关键词： Portal hypertension Thalidomide Nitric oxide Knock

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Putting PLX5622 into perspective:microglia in central nervous system viral infection

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第6期18卷 1269-1270页

作者： Alanna G.Spiteri nicholas j.C.King Viral Immunopathology Laboratory InfectionImmunity and Inflammation Research ThemeSchool of Medical SciencesFaculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia Sydney Cytometry The University of Sydney and Centenary InstituteSydneyNSWAustralia Ramaciotti Facility for Human Systems Biology The University of Sydney and Centenary InstituteSydneyNSWAustralia Charles Perkins Centre The University of SydneyAustralia The University of Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases The University of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia The University of Sydney Nano Institute the University of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia

Elucidating the exact contribution of microglia to central nervous system(CNS)pathology has historically been extremely *** resident parenchymal myeloid cells are considered to have critical roles as frontline responders during pathogen invasion and CNS ***,understanding the precise temporal kinetics of microglial function is central to the evolution of novel therapeutics for disease intervention and/or resolution(Spiteri et al.,2022a).The development of PLX5622,a colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor(CSF-1R)inhibitor typically formulated into a rodent chow for simple oral administration has facilitated exploration of microglial functions in disease(Spangenberg et al.,2019).

关键词： invasion system precise

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Biomarkers in renal cell carcinoma:Are we there yet?

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Asian journal of Urology 2021年第4期8卷 362-375页

作者： Shuchi Gulati nicholas j.Vogelzang Division of Hematology and Oncology University of CincinnatiCincinnatiOhUSA Nevada Cancer Research Foundation Las VegasNVUSA

Management of kidney cancer has undergone a paradigm shift with the approval of new therapies over the last two *** these drugs have improved clinical outcomes in patients with kidney cancer,there are still a large number of patients who do not show objective responses.A multitude of investigators,including those for The Cancer Genome Atlas have biologically characterized and sub-classified kidney ***,we have not been able to identify molecular targets to effectively treat patients with kidney *** we familiarize ourselves with newer drugs for patients with kidney cancer,it is important to understand that these drugs may not work in every patient and instead may expose patients to unnecessary toxic effects along with burdening society with the financial *** we head toward the era of“precision medicine”,validated biomarkers are being utilized to guide treatment choices and help identify pathways of resistance in other tumor *** current review aims at evaluating the progress made so far in this realm for patients with kidney cancer.

关键词： Kidney cancer Clear cell Non-clear cell Immunotherapy Biomarkers

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Shedding light on neurons:optical approaches for neuromodulation

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National Science Review 2022年第10期9卷 34-54页

作者： Shan jiang Xiang Wu nicholas j.Rommelfanger Zihao Ou Guosong Hong Department of Materials Science and Engineering Stanford University Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute Stanford University Department of Applied Physics Stanford University

Today’ s optical neuromodulation techniques are rapidly evolving,benefiting from advances in photonics,genetics and materials *** this review,we provide an up-to-date overview of the latest optical approaches for *** begin with the physical principles and constraints underlying the interaction between light and neural *** then present advances in optical neurotechnologies in seven modules:conventional optical fibers,multifunctional fibers,optical waveguides,light-emitting diodes,upconversion nanoparticles,optical neuromodulation based on the secondary effects of light,and unconventional light sources facilitated by ultrasound and magnetic *** conclude our review with an outlo ok on new methods and mechanisms that afford optical neuromodulation with minimal invasiveness and footprint.

关键词： optical neuromodulation optogenetics neural interfaces

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