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Invasive weed disrupts facilitation of nutrient uptake in grass-clover assemblage

Soil Ecology Letters 2024年第1期6卷 89-96页

作者： Wei Zhang Rick Muir nicholas dickinson Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences Lincoln UniversityLincoln 7647New Zealand

Nutrient constraints in low-fertility soil were modified by different species ***-clover assemblages benefited both species in terms of nutrient *** of competition and facilitation is *** invasive weed removed essential nutrients from the grazing *** investigate the interplay of competition and facilitation between plants in low-fertility pasture grasslands of New Zealand,we compared nutrient uptake and acquisition of key nutrients of three species from different func-tional *** of Pilosella officinarum(mouse-eared hawk-weed,an invasive weed),Trifolium repens(white clover,a nitrogen fixer)and Dactylis glomerata(cocksfoot,a pasture grass)were planted into a soil with low-to-deficient concentrations of key *** yields were achieved by the grass growing alone but,when the clover and grass had grown together,there were complementary benefits in terms of procurement of a wide range of nutrients from soil despite lower root *** inva-sive weed negated these benefits,and soil nutrients were exploited less efficiently when Pilosella had grown alone or in a mixture with the other *** from the weed removed the benefits of grass-legume *** findings are interpreted to suggest that requirements for legumes to be the main source of nitrogen in pasture grasslands may be compromised unless competitive weeds are controlled to avoid disrupted procurement of key *** is likely these constraints to nutrient procurement would similarly impact conservation grasslands.

关键词： soil ferility facilitation species coexistence weed invasion legumes

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Characteristics of Anthropogenic Sulfate and Carbonaceous Aerosols over East Asia: Regional Modeling and Observation

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2008年第6期25卷 946-959页

作者： Yan HUANG William L. CHAMEIDES Qian TAN Robert E. dickinson School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 nicholas School of the Environment and Earth Sciences Duke University Durham NC 27708 Goddard Earth Sciences and Technology Center University of Maryland Baltimore MD 21228

The authors present spatial and temporal characteristics of anthropogenic sulfate and carbonaceous aerosols over East Asia using a 3-D coupled regional climate-chemistry-aerosol model, and compare the simulation with the limited aerosol observations over the region. The aerosol module consists of SO2, SO4^2-, hydrophobic and hydrophilic black carbon （BC） and organic carbon compounds （OC）, including emission, advections, dry and wet deposition, and chemical production and conversion. The simulated patterns of SO2 are closely tied to its emission rate, with sharp gradients between the highly polluted regions and more rural areas. Chemical conversion （especially in the aqueous phase） and dry deposition remove 60% and 30% of the total SO2 emission, respectively. The SO4^2- shows less horizontal gradient and seasonality than SO2, with wet deposition （60%） and export （27%） being two major sinks. Carbonaceous aerosols are spatially smoother than sulfur species. The aging process transforms more than 80% of hydrophobic BC and OC to hydrophilic components, which are removed by wet deposition （60%） and export （30%）. The simulated spatial and seasonal SO4^2-, BC and OC aerosol concentrations and total aerosol optical depth are generally consistent with the observations in rural areas over East Asia, with lower bias in simulated OC aerosols, likely due to the underestimation of anthropogenic OC emissions and missing treatment of secondary organic carbon. The results suggest that our model is a useful tool for characterizing the anthropogenic aerosol cycle and for assessing its potential climatic and environmental effects in future studies.

关键词： regional climate modeling anthropogenic emission sulfate aerosol black carbon and organic carbon East Asia

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Emily dickinson and Her Poem

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疯狂英语（初中天地） 2003年第31期 4-4页

作者： nicholas

艾米莉·狄更斯(Emil dickinson 1830-1886),一生孤僻,生前未有显赫诗名,死后却名声大噪,成为美国历史上最伟大的女诗人之一。她的诗作风格请新,与她那时代流行的诗风浑然不同,体裁既

关键词： Emily dickinson and Her Poem

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