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Plasticity in the antipredator behavior of the orange-footed sea cucumber under shifting hydrodynamic forces

Current Zoology 2019年第6期65卷 685-695页

作者： nicholas A.W.brown David R.WILSON Patrick GAGNON Department of Ocean Sciences Memorial University of NewfoundlandSt.John'sNewfoundlandA1C 5S7Canada Department of Psychology Memorial University of NewfoundlandSt.John'sNewfoundlandA1B 3X9Canada

Marine invertebrates that move too slowly to evade unfavorable environmental change may instead exhibit phenotypic plasticity,allowing them to adjust to varying *** orange-footed sea cucumber Cucumaria frondosa is a slow-moving suspension feeder that is preyed on by the purple sunstar Solaster *** sea cucumber's antipredator behavior involves changing shape and detaching from the substratum,which might increase its probability of being displaced by water motion into an unsuitable *** hypothesized that sea cucumbers'antipredator responses would be diminished under stronger hydrodynamic forces,and that behavioral strategies would be flexible so that individuals could adjust to frequent changes in water *** a natural orange-footed sea cucumber habitat,individuals lived along a pronounced hydrodynamic gradient,allowing us to measure antipredator behavior under different water flow *** placed purple sunstars in physical contact with sea cucumbers living at various points along the gradient to elicit antipredator *** then repeated this procedure in a laboratory mesocosm that generated weak and strong hydrodynamic forces similar to those observed at the field *** in the mesocosm experiment were tested in both wave conditions to determine if their antipredator behavior would change in response to sudden environmental change,as would be experienced under deteriorating sea *** responses did not covary with hydrodynamic forces in the ***,antipredator responses in the mesocosm experiment increased when individuals were transplanted from strong to weak forces and decreased when transplanted from weak to strong ***,our results indicate environmentally induced plasticity in the antipredator behavior of the orange-footed sea cucumber.

关键词： behavioral plasticity benthic invertebrate predator-prey interaction reciprocal transplant experiment Solaster endeca.wave environment

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Positioning Australia for the Future

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Engineering 2020年第8期6卷 857-859页

作者： nicholas brown John Dawson Ryan Ruddick Director of National Geodesy Geoscience AustraliaAustralia Director of Positioning Geoscience AustraliaAustralia Director of GNSS Infrastructure and Informatics Geoscience AustraliaAustralia

*** In 2018,the Australian Commonwealth Government committed 224.9 million AUD(160 million USD)to the Positioning Australia program in order to provide 10 cm accurate and reliable positioning to all Australians and accelerate the adoption and development of positioning technology and *** is a significant improvement from the 5–10 m accuracy that can currently be achieved using consumer positioning *** speaking,Australia is in the position to take advantage of highquality,accurate,and efficient space-based positioning constellations with view of all global and regional constellations,including those of the United States(Global Positioning System,GPS),Russia(Global Navigation Satellite System,GLONASS),the European Union(Galileo),China(BeiDou),Japan(Quasi-Zenith Satellite System,QZSS),and India(Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System,IRNSS).

关键词： Indian Australia Galileo

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FAIR Data and Metadata:GNSS Precise Positioning User Perspective

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Data Intelligence 2023年第1期5卷 43-74页

作者： Ivana Ivánová Ryan Keenan Christopher Marshall Lori Mancell Eldar Rubinov Ryan Ruddick nicholas brown Graeme Kernich Spatial Sciences School of Earth and Planetary ScienceCurtin UniversityPerthWestern Australia6102Australia Positioning Insights Carlton NorthVictoria3054Australia FrontierSI Cnr Village St and Fishplate LnDocklandsVictoria3008Australia Geoscience Australia Cnr Jerrabomberra Ave and Hindmarsh DriveSymonstonAustralian Capital Territory2609Australia

The FAIR principles of Wilkinson et al.[1]are finding their way from research into application domains,one of which is the precise positioning with global satellite navigation systems(GNSS).Current GNSS users demand that data and services are findable online,accessible via open protocols(by both,machines and humans),interoperable with their legacy systems and reusable in various *** metadata are essential in seamless communication between GNSS data and service providers and their users,and,for decades,geodetic and geospatial standards are efficiently implemented to support ***,GNSS user community is transforming from precise positioning by highly specialised use by geodetic professionals to every-day precise positioning by autonomous vehicles or wellness obsessed ***,rapid technological developments allow alternative ways of offering data and services to their *** transforming circumstances warrant a review whether metadata defined in generic geospatial and geodetic standards in use still support FAIR use of modern GNSS data and services across its novel user *** paper reports the results of current GNSS users'requirements in various application sectors on the way data,metadata and services are *** engaged with GNSS stakeholders to validate our findings and to gain understanding on their perception of the FAIR *** results confirm that offering FAIR GNSS data and services is fundamental,but for a confident use of these,there is a need to review the way metadata are offered to the *** standard compliant GNSS community metadata profile and providing relevant metadata with data on-demand,the approach outlined in this paper,is a way to manage current GNSS users'expectations and the way to improve FAIR GNSS data and service delivery for both humans and the machines.

关键词： FAIR Metadata Standards Profile Precise positioning GNSS users Spatial data infrastructure

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Cryo-EM structure of the plant 26S proteasome

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Plant Communications 2022年第3期3卷 116-126页

作者： Susanne Kandolf Irina Grishkovskaya Katarina Belacic Derek L.Bolhuis Sascha Amann Brent Foster Richard Imre Karl Mechtler Alexander Schleiffer Hemant D.Tagare Ellen D.Zhong Anton Meinhart nicholas G.brown David Haselbach Research Institute of Molecular Pathology(IMP) Vienna BioCenter(VBC)Campus-Vienna-BioCenter 11030 ViennaAustria Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging Yale UniversityNew HavenCT 06510USA Department of Pharmacology and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center University of North Carolina School of MedicineChapel HillNC 27599USA Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA 02139USA Vienna BioCenter PhD Program Doctoral School of the University at Vienna and Medical University of ViennaVienna BioCenter(VBC)ViennaAustria Institute of Physical Chemistry University of FreiburgAlbertstraße 21Freiburg 79104Germany CIBSS Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies University of FreiburgFreiburgGermany

Targeted proteolysis is a hallmark of *** is especially important in long-lived cells that can be found in higher eukaryotes,like *** task is mainly fulfilled by the ubiquitin–proteasome ***,proteolysis by the 26S proteasome is vital to development,immunity,and cell *** the yeast and animal proteasomes are well characterized,there is only limited information on the plant *** determined the first plant 26S proteasome structure from Spinacia oleracea by single-particle electron cryogenic microscopy at an overall resolution of 3.3 A°.We found an almost identical overall architecture of the spinach proteasome compared with the known structures from mammals and ***,we noticed a structural difference in the proteolytic active b1 ***,we uncovered an unseen compression state by characterizing the proteasome’s conformational *** suspect that this new conformation of the 20S core protease,in correlation with a partial opening of the unoccupied gate,may contribute to peptide release after *** data provide a structural basis for the plant proteasome,which is crucial for further studies.

关键词： 26S proteasome spinach UPS cryo-EM conformational landscape

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Does Anesthesiologist-Directed Sedation Afford Superior Deep Cannulation Rates and Procedural Outcomes for ERCP in the Community Setting?

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Open Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第2期6卷 46-52页

作者： Brad Bowyer Kathy Geissler Robert Barclay Sumeet Tewani James Frakes nicholas brown Matthew Houlihan Kunal Patel Andrew Spiel Rockford Gastroenterology Associates Rockford IL USA University of Illinois College of Medicine Rockford Rockford IL USA

Aim: To compare outcomes by sedation class in community patients undergoing index endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Methods: Nineteen hundred sixteen consecutive patients underwent ERCP from May 2005 to May 2011. Eight hundred thirty seven patients were excluded due to prior papillary intervention or attempted ERCP. A total of 1079 patients were included. The 981 patients who underwent gastroenterologist directed sedation (GDS) served as the control population, while the 98 patients who received anesthesiologist directed sedation (ADS) served as the case population. Medical records were analyzed for patient demographics, procedure indication, adverse events, case complexity, procedural failure and sedation failure. Case complexity was defined by the grading system proposed by the working party of the ASGE Quality Committee. Sedation failure was defined by agitation or airway compromise prompting termination of the ERCP. Reasons for procedural failure included surgically altered anatomy, luminal obstruction, and technical failure. Study endpoint was defined as successful deep cannulation of the intended target duct. Results: Demographic distribution did not differ between the GDS and the ADS groups. Cannulation success rates were similar between the two groups, with 89.85% in the GDS group, and 89.58% in the ADS group (P = 0.864). There were no statistical differences between sedation groups in procedural or respiratory adverse events. Technical failure was the predominant basis for deep cannulation failure in both groups. Agitation and airway compromise accounted for deep cannulation failure similarly in both groups. The need for reversal agents was low but similar in both groups. There was no statistical advantage in deep cannulation success rate by complexity grade in either sedation class. Conclusion: Excellent procedural outcomes and low adverse event rates were achieved using GDS, a more accessible and cost-effective method in a community-b

关键词： ERCP Community-Based Medicine Conscious Sedation Anesthesiologist-Directed Sedation Gastroenterologist-Directed Sedation

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执行违约金条款的全球多样化

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国际工程与劳务 2006年第5期 50-50页

作者： nicholas brown 梅森律师事务所高级律师

几个世纪以来，人们在进行交易的时候都会提前约定违反合同的赔偿方式，因为提前约定违约金会帮助他们评估交易中的风险，并使得解决违约所引起的争议的程序更为简便和快捷。很多法律体系都通过认可双方达成的违约金条款而在不同程度上... 详细信息

几个世纪以来，人们在进行交易的时候都会提前约定违反合同的赔偿方式，因为提前约定违约金会帮助他们评估交易中的风险，并使得解决违约所引起的争议的程序更为简便和快捷。很多法律体系都通过认可双方达成的违约金条款而在不同程度上支持这种做法。

关键词：违约金金条多样化全球赔偿方式法律体系约定交易

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Digital re-analysis of lost architecture and the particular case of Lutyens＇ Liverpool Metropolitan Cathedral

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Frontiers of Architectural Research 2016年第2期5卷 265-275页

作者： nicholas Webb Andre brown School of Architecture University of Liverpool Liverpool L69 7ZN United Kingdom

Research and critique of unbuilt or destroyed works of architecture is traditionally carried out through the examination of surviving information such as drawings, models, photographs, biographies and monographs. The case study presented here demonstrates that this approach cannot always give a fuU-picture of the architect or designer＇s intentions, and may miss inconsistencies in the design and links to other precedents or antecedents in such schemes. Here, we employ strategic contemporary digital representation techniques to re-present and re-analyse the evidence available for a particular architectural project. We describe a systematic methodology, which shows that these techniques can challenge or enhance current understanding. The focus therefore is on the digital re-analysis process that has been devised. Sir Edwin Lutyens＇ unbuilt Liverpool Metropolitan Cathedral design, that would have delivered one of the largest cathedrals in the world, is used as a case study. The findings reveal new information about the cathedral by following structured lines of enquiry generated from the study of primary and secondary source data, as well as serendipitous results that occur as a potential by-product of the methodological process.

关键词： Unbuitt architecture Digitalcritique Forensic anatysis Digitat modetting

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Defining response to radiotherapy in rectal cancer using magnetic resonance imaging and histopathological scales

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第37期22卷 8414-8434页

作者： Muhammed RS Siddiqui Jemma Bhoday nicholas J Battersby Manish Chand nicholas P West Al-Mutaz Abulafi Paris P Tekkis Gina brown Department of Colorectal Surgery Croydon University Hospital Croydon London CR7 7YE United Kingdom Department of Radiology Royal Marsden Hospital Sutton SM2 5PT United Kingdom Pathology and Tumour Biology Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology St. James's University Hospital Leeds LS9 7TF United Kingdom Department of Surgery Royal Marsden Hospital Fulham Rd London SM2 5PT United Kingdom

AIM To define good and poor regression using pathology and magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) regression scales after neo-adjuvant chemotherapy for rectal *** A systematic review was performed on all studies up to December 2015, without language restriction, t h a t w e r e i d e n t i f i e d f r o m M E D L I N E, C o c h r a n e Controlled Trials Register(1960-2015), and EMBASE(1991-2015). Searches were performed of article bibliographies and conference abstracts. MeS H and text words used included "tumour regression", "mr TRG", "poor response" and "colorectal cancers". Clinical studies using either MRI or histopathological tumour regression grade(TRG) scales to define good and poor responders were included in relation to outcomes [local recurrence(LR), distant recurrence(DR), disease-free survival(DFS), and overall survival(OS)]. There was no age restriction or stage of cancer restriction for patient inclusion. Data were extracted by two authors working independently and using pre-defined outcome *** Quantitative data(prevalence) were extracted and analysed according to meta-analytical techniques using comprehensive meta-analysis. Qualitative data(LR, DR, DFS and OS) were presented as ranges. The overall proportion of poor responders after neo-adjuvant chemoradiotherapy(CRT) was 37.7%(95%CI: 30.1-45.8). There were 19 different reported histopathological scales and one MRI regression scale(mrT RG). Clinical studies used nine and six histopathological scales for poor and good responders, respectively. All studies using MRI to define good and poor response used one scale. The most common histopathological definition for good response was the Mandard grades 1 and 2 or Dworak grades 3 and 4; Mandard 3, 4 and 5 and Dworak 0, 1 and 2 were used for poor response. For histopathological grades, the 5-year outcomes for poor responders were LR 3.4%-4.3%, DR 14.3%-20.3%, DFS 61.7%-68.1% and OS 60.7-69.1. Good pathological response 5-year outcomes were LR

关键词： Tumour regression mrT RG Poor response Neo-adjuvant therapy Rectal cancer

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CUTIN SYNTHASE 2 Maintains Progressively Developing Cuticular Ridges in Arabidopsis Sepals

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Molecular Plant 2017年第4期10卷 560-574页

作者： Lilan Hong Joel brown nicholas A. Segerson Jocelyn K.C. Rose Adrienne H.K. Roeder Weiil institute for Ceil and Molecular Biology Cornell University Ithaca NY 14853 USA Plant Biology Section School of Integrative Plant Science Cornell University Ithaca NY 14853 USA Field of Genetics Genomics and Development Cornell University Ithaca NY 14853 USA

The cuticle is a crucial barrier on the aerial surfaces of land plants, in many plants, including Arabidopsis, the sepals and petals form distinctive nanoridges in their cuticles. However, little is known about how the formation and maintenance of these nanostructures is coordinated with the growth and development of the underlying cells. Here we report the characterization of the Arabidopsis cutin synthase 2 （cus2） mutant, which causes a great reduction in cuticular ridges on the mature sepal epidermis, but only a moderate effect on petal cone cell ridges. Using scanning electron microscopy and confocal live imaging combined with quantification of cellular growth, we find that cuticular ridge formation progresses down the sepal from tip to base as the sepal grows, pCUS2：：GFP-GUS reporter expression coincides with cutic- ular ridge formation, descending the sepal from tip to base. Ridge formation also coincides with the reduction in growth rate and termination of cell division of the underlying epidermal cells. Surprisingly, cuticular ridges at first form normally in the cus2 mutant, but are lost progressively at later stages of sepal development, indicating that CUS2 is crucial for the maintenance of cuticular ridges after they are formed~ Our results reveal the dynamics of both ridge formation and maintenance as the sepal grows.

关键词： Arabidopsis thaliana cellular growth CUTIN SYNTHASE2 (CUS2) cuticular ridges nanoridges sepal

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Development and progression of cancer cachexia:Perspectives from bench to bedside

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Sports Medicine and Health Science 2020年第4期2卷 177-185页

作者： Seongkyun Lim Jacob L.brown Tyrone A.Washington nicholas P.Greene Cachexia Research Laboratory Exercise Science Research CenterDepartment of Human Health Performance and RecreationUniversity of Arkansas155 Stadium DrFayettevilleARUSA Aging and Metabolism Research Program Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation825 NE 13th StOklahoma CityOKUSA Exercise Muscle Biology Laboratory Exercise Science Research CenterDepartment of Human Health Performance and RecreationUniversity of Arkansas155 Stadium DrFayettevilleARUSA

Cancer cachexia(CC)is a devastating syndrome characterized by weight loss,reduced fat mass and muscle mass that affects approximately 80%of cancer patients and is responsible for 22%-30%of cancer-associated *** underlying mechanisms for the development of CC are crucial to advance therapies to treat CC and improve cancer *** is a multi-organ syndrome that results in extensive skeletal muscle and adipose tissue wasting;however,CC can impair other organs such as the liver,heart,brain,and bone as well.A considerable amount of CC research focuses on changes that occur within the muscle,but cancer-related impairments in other organ systems are ***,metabolic changes in organ systems other than muscle may contribute to ***,the purpose of this review is to address degenerative mechanisms which occur during CC from a whole-body *** the information known about metabolic changes that occur in response to cancer is necessary to develop and enhance therapies to treat *** much of the current evidences in CC are from pre-clinical models we should note the majority of the data reviewed here are from preclinical models.

关键词： Muscle atrophy Tumor-bearing mouse Lewis lung carcinoma Protein turnover Mitochondrial dysfunction

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