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Inorganic Nanostructures with Strong Chiroptical Activity

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CCS Chemistry 2020年第3期2卷 583-604页

作者： Anastasia Visheratina nicholas A.Kotov University of Michigan Biointerfaces InstituteAnn ArborMichigan

Chirality is one of the most remarkable geometrical properties with a variety of manifestations in the material *** discovery of chirality in inorganic nanostructures spurred the rapid growth of fundamental and applied studies involving chiral nanoscale particles in chemistry,biology,medicine,and *** many factors make chiral inorganic nanostructures significant to researchers from many backgrounds,the unique characteristic that drives research in this area is their ability to exhibit high chiroptical *** this review,we specifically address its origin in juxtaposition with chiral organic *** activity depends on multiple factors,including the degree of asymmetry and the size of the object,compared with light ***,it is the high polarizability that distinguishes chiral inorganic matter from what is known from organic chemistry and *** importantly,strong light-matter interaction between chiral nanostructures and circularly polarized photons has direct implications for the long-standing fundamental questions about the origin of homochirality on earth and new possibilities for chiral *** insight into chiroptical activity also deepens the existing knowledge about the nanoscale matter and expands its technological applications.

关键词： chirality optical activity circular dichroism light-matter interactions nanoparticles

Population structure of Haliotis rubra from South Australia inferred from nuclear and mtDNA analyses

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2006年第4期25卷 99-112页

作者： LI Zhongbao Sharon A Appleyard nicholas G Elliott Fisheries College Jimei University Xiamen 361021 China Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization Marine and Atmospheric Research GPO Box 1538 HobartTasmania 7001 Australia

Microsatellite loci and mtDNA-RFLPs were surveyed in four spatially separated populations of Haliotis rubra and two populations of putative Haliotis conicorpora from South Australia. A high level of microsatellite genetic diversity was observed in all populations although several loci were characterized by homozygote excesses, probably due to null alleles. MtDNA variation was also moderate with an average of 80% haplotype variation across the six populations. Despite the high levels of genetic variation, significant pair-wise spatial differentiation is not detected among the populations. Hierarchical AMOVA analysis revealed very low levels of genetic partitioning on either a spatial or putative species level. Both molecular techniques revealed little genetic differentiation across the six populations, suggesting a panmictic population model for these South Australian abalone populations. Furthermore, no molecular evidence suggests that the putative H. conicorpora individuals sampled from South Australia belong to a separate species.

关键词： Haliotis rubra H. conicorpora South Australia genetic diversity genetic differentiation mtDNA-RFLPs microsatellites

Travellers:Design Collaboration and Digital Media

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2008年第S1期13卷 234-240页

作者： J. Bahoric P. nicholas G. Ormston Arup Pty Ltd Spatial Information Architecture Laboratory RMIT University Melbourne 3000 Australia City of Melbourne

This paper examines the use of 3D electronic medium as a tool for procuring detailed design information for the Sandridge Bridge Travellers project. The Sandridge Bridge Travellers project required the production of 10 7.5 m of tall × 5 ― 12 m of wide figures under very tight programme and budget constraints. This was achieved through a synthesis of art and engineering, whereby structure and sculpture become one and the same. Traditional procurement routes would have entailed the production and interpretation of drawings and design details at all discipline interfaces before fabrication; an approach that was unfeasible given the constraints. Instead, The Travellers project saw a single electronic file pass backwards and forwards from client to architect, engineer, and fabricator, with information from the initial artistic concept work phases through to analysis, design, member scheduling and fabrication all integrated and facilitated by a single electronic medium. Key to the delivery was the use of 3D modeling and scripting programs that enabled the efficient use and development of design information through all stages of the design process. This enabled total integration of all trades requiring a collaborative approach where each party maintained joint ownership of the 3D design information from inception to conception.

关键词： Sandridge Bridge Travellers sculpture 3-D modeling collaborative approach 3-D electronic medium AutoCAD R2004TM RhinoTM formats spline rationalization

Pesticides and trace elements in cannabis:Analytical and environmental challenges and opportunities

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2019年第11期31卷 82-93页

作者： Caley B.Craven nicholas Wawryk Ping Jiang Zhongshan Liu Xing-Fang Li Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science University of Alberta Edmonton AB T6G 2G2 Canada Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology Faculty of Medicine and DentistryUniversity of Alberta Edmonton AB T6G 2G3 Canada

Cannabis is increasingly used for both medicinal and recreational purposes with an estimate of over 180 million users *** has recently legalized cannabis use in October 2018,joining several states,in the United States of America (e.g.,Colorado,California,and Oregon) and a few other countries.A variety of cannabis products including dry flowers,edibles,and oil products are widely *** high demand for cannabis products worldwide,the quality of cannabis and its related products has become a major concern for consumer *** guidelines have been set by different countries to ensure the quality,safety,and efficacy of cannabis *** general,these guidelines require control of contaminants including pesticides,toxic elements,mycotoxins,and pathogens,as well as residual solvents in regard to cannabis ***,appropriate analytical methods are required to determine these contaminants in cannabis products for quality *** this review,we focus on the current analytical challenges and method development for detection of pesticides and toxic elements in cannabis to meet various guidelines.

关键词： Cannabis QA/QC Contaminants Analytical testing Pesticides Heavy metals Regulations

Near-Optimal Controls of Differential Systems with Switching and Random Jumps Subject to Fast Switching and Wideband Noise Perturbation

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Acta Mathematicae Applicatae Sinica 2016年第1期32卷 17-34页

作者： G.YIN Xian-ping GUO Yousef TALAFHA nicholas A.BARAN Department of Mathematics Wayne State UniversityU.S.A School of Mathematics and Computational Science Zhongshan UniversityZhongshan 224002China Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Tafila Technical UniversityJordan Department of Mathematics Wayne State UniversityDetroitMI 48202U.S.A.

This work develops near-optimal controls for systems given by differential equations with wideband noise and random *** random switching is modeled by a continuous-time,time-inhomogeneous Markov *** broad conditions,it is shown that there is an associated limit problem,which is a switching jump *** near-optimal controls of the limit system,we then build controls for the original *** is shown that such constructed controls are nearly optimal.

关键词： regime switching jump diffusion wideband noise martingale problem relaxed control near-optimal control

Colonic lesion characterization in inflammatory bowel disease:A systematic review and meta-analysis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第10期24卷 1167-1180页

作者： Richard Lord nicholas E Burr Noor Mohammed Venkataraman Subramanian Department of Gastroenterology Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS TrustLeeds LS97TFUnited Kingdom University of Leeds Leeds Institute of Biomedical and Clinical SciencesLeeds LS97TFUnited Kingdom

AIM To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis for the diagnostic accuracy of in vivo lesion characterization in colonic inflammatory bowel disease(IBD), using optical imaging techniques, including virtual chromoendoscopy(VCE), dye-based chromoendoscopy(DBC), magnification endoscopy and confocal laser endomicroscopy(CLE). METHODS We searched Medline, Embase and the Cochrane library. We performed a bivariate meta-analysis to calculate the pooled estimate sensitivities, specificities, positive and negative likelihood ratios(+LHR,-LHR), diagnostic odds ratios(DOR), and area under the SROC curve(AUSROC) for each technology group. A subgroup analysis was performed to investigate differences in real-time nonmagnified Kudo pit patterns(with VCE and DBC) and real-time *** We included 22 studies [1491 patients; 4674 polyps, of which 539(11.5%) were neoplastic]. Real-time CLE had a pooled sensitivity of 91%(95%CI: 66%-98%), specificity of 97%(95%CI: 94%-98%), and an AUSROC of 0.98(95%CI: 0.97-0.99). Magnification endoscopy had a pooled sensitivity of 90%(95%CI: 77%-96%)and specificity of 87%(95%CI: 81%-91%). VCE had a pooled sensitivity of 86%(95%CI: 62%-95%) and specificity of 87%(95%CI: 72%-95%). DBC had a pooled sensitivity of 67%(95%CI: 44%-84%) and specificity of 86%(95%CI: 72%-94%). CONCLUSION Real-time CLE is a highly accurate technology for differentiating neoplastic from non-neoplastic lesions in patients with colonic IBD. However, most CLE studies were performed by single expert users within tertiary centres, potentially confounding these results.

关键词： Inflammatory bowel disease dysplasia Lesion characterization Confocal laser endomicroscopy Narrow band imaging I-scan Fujinon intelligence chromoendoscopy

Combined risk modelling approach to identify the optimal carotid revascularisation approach

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2021年第3期6卷 476-482,I0080-I0084页

作者： James Francis Burke Lewis B Morgenstern nicholas H Osborne Rodney A Hayward Neurology University of Michigan Michigan MedicineAnn ArborMichiganUSA Vascular Surgery Univerity of Michigan MedicineAnn ArborMichiganUSA Internal Medicine University of Michigan Michigan MedicineAnn ArborMichiganUSA

Background Carotid endarterectomy(CEA)results in fewer perioperative strokes,but more myocardial infarctions(MI)than carotid artery stenting(CAS).We explored a combined modelling approach that stratifies patients by baseline stroke and *** Baseline registry-based risk models for perioperative stroke and MI were identified via literature *** then selected treatment risk models in the Carotid Revascularisation Stenting versus Endarterectomy(CREST)trial by serially adding covariates(baseline risk,treatment(CEA vs CAS),treatment-risk interaction and age-treatment interaction terms).Treatment risk models were externally validated using data from the Society for Vascular Surgery(SVS)Vascular Quality Initiative(VQI)CEA and carotid stenting registries and treatment models were recalibrated to the SVS-VQI *** net benefit was estimated by summing the predicted stroke and MI risk differences with CEA versus *** Perioperative treatment models had moderate predictiveness(c-statistic 0.69 for stroke and 0.68 for MI)and reasonable calibration across the risk spectrum for both stroke and MI within *** external validation in SVS-VQI,predictiveness was substantially reduced(c-statistic 0.61 for stroke and 0.54 for MI)and models substantially overpredicted *** patients(86.7%)were predicted to have net benefit from CEA in CREST(97.0%of symptomatic patients vs 75%of asymptomatic patients).Discussion A combined modelling approach that separates risk elements has potential to inform optimal ***,our current approach is not ready for clinical *** data support guidelines that suggest that CEA should be the preferred revascularisation modality in most patients with symptomatic carotid stenosis.

关键词： carotid Surgery optimal

Advanced biomedical hydrogels:molecular architecture and its impact on medical applications

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Regenerative Biomaterials 2021年第6期8卷 297-317页

作者： Jonathan T.Peters Marissa E.Wechsler nicholas A.Peppas McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering The University of Texas at AustinAustin200 E.Dean KeetonAustinTX 78712USA Institute for Biomaterials Drug Deliveryand Regenerative MedicineThe University of Texas at Austin107 W.Dean KeetonAustinTX 78712USA Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering The University of Texas at San AntonioOne UTSA CircleSan AntonioTX78249USA Department of Biomedical Engineering The University of Texas at Austin107 W.Dean KeetonAustinTX 78712USA Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery College of PharmacyThe University of Texas at Austin107 W.Dean KeetonAustinTX 78712USA Department of Surgery and Perioperative Care and Department of PediatricsDell Medical SchoolThe University of Texas at Austin1601 Trinity St.Bldg.BAustinTX 78712USA

Hydrogels are cross-linked polymeric networks swollen in water,physiological aqueous solutions or biological *** are synthesized by a wide range of polymerization methods that allow for the introduction of linear and branched units with specific molecular *** addition,they can be tuned to exhibit desirable chemical characteristics including hydrophilicity or *** synthesized hydrogels can be anionic,cationic,or amphiphilic and can contain multifunctional crosslinks,junctions or tie *** these characteristics,hydrogels exhibit compatibility with biological systems,and can be synthesized to render systems that swell or collapse in response to external *** versatility and compatibility have led to better understanding of how the hydrogel’s molecular architecture will affect their physicochemical,mechanical and biological *** present a critical summary of the main methods to synthesize hydrogels,which define their architecture,and advanced structural characteristics for macromolecular/biological applications.

关键词： hydrogels networks mesh size hydrogel reactions biological applications biomedical applications

Asymmetric Transfer and Pressure Hydrogenation with Earth-Abundant Transition Metal Catalysts

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2018年第5期36卷 443-454页

作者： Zhenfeng Zhang nicholas Andrew Butt Muxing Zhou Delong Liu Wanbin Zhang Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs School of Pharmacy Shanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan RoadL Shanghai 200240 China School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University 800 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200240 China

The asymmetric transfer and pressure hydrogenation of various unsaturated substrates provides a succinct pathway to important chiral intermediates and products such as chiral alcohols, amines, and alkanes. The use of earth-abundant transition metals such as Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu in hydro- genation reactions provides an attractive alternative to traditionally used metals such as Ru, Rh, Ir, and Pd because they are comparatively inexpensive, less toxic, and as their name suggests, more abundant in nature. Earth-abundant transition metal-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation is rapidly becoming an important area of research. This review summarizes advances in the asymmetric hydrogenation of unsaturated bonds （ketones, imines, and alkenes） with earth-abundant transition metals.

关键词： asymmetric hydrogenation earth-abundant transition metals ketones imines alkenes