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Science China Materials 2023年第7期66卷 2947-2948页

作者： nicholas adams Guozhong Cao Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of WashingtonSeattleWA 98195-2120USA

Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites possess a unique combination of excellent electronic and photoelectrochemical properties that can be readily tailored by partial or complete substitution of their constituent elements owing to their nonclose packing anion lattice[1,2].Perovskite solar cells(PSCs)employing hybrid perovskites as an active layer have seen rapid improvements and have achieved high power conversion efficiencies(PCEs)now exceeding 25%[2].

关键词： perovskite exceeding layer

Investigations for the assessment of adult patients presenting to the emergency department with supraventricular tachycardia

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2020年第1期11卷 54-59页

作者： Harith Fernando nicholas adams Biswadev Mitra Emergency and Trauma Centre The Alfred HospitalMelbourneVictoriaAustralia National Trauma Research Institute The Alfred HospitalMelbourneVictoriaAustralia Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine Monash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia

Dear editor,Patients with supraventricular tachycardia(SVT)commonly present to the emergency department(ED).Current guidelines[1,2]do not recommend routine pathology testing and a report on the topic has questioned their role.A systematic review concluded that troponin testing is commonly performed with a high proportion of positive fi ndings,but these results were not associated with major adverse cardiac events.[3]The conclusions of this review were limited by paucity of data and heterogeneity among studies.

关键词： tachycardia routine pathology

Bronchodilator responsiveness assessed by forced oscillometry and multiple breath washout techniques in preschool children

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Pediatric Investigation 2018年第2期2卷 83-89页

作者： nicholas L.Friedman Joseph M.McDonough Xuemei Zhang Erik B.Hysinger Kelly M.adams Julian L.Allen Division of Pulmonary Medicine The Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphia PA USA Department of Pediatrics Madigan Army Medical Center Tacoma WAUSA Division of Pulmonary Medicine The Children's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphia PA USA Division of Pulmonary Medicine Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati OH USA Division of Pulmonary Medicine Northwell Health System Lake SuccessNY USA

Importance:The forced oscillation (FOT) and multiple breath washout (MBW) techniques are passive tests of lung function,and are reliable for preschool-age children.There has not been comparison testing to determine which test could more accurately differentiate between healthy controls and poorly controlled asthmatics,or differentiate a response to bronchodilator administration.Objective:To determine whether the MBW and/or FOT could differentiate between healthy controls and poorly controlled asthmatics,and whether the two tests could detect a response to bronchodilator administration.Methods:Twenty-eight healthy controls and 23 poorly controlled asthmatics 3-6 years of age participated.All subjects were administered the MBW followed by the FOT.A bronchodilator was then administered and testing was repeated.Wilcoxon Rank Sum tests were used to compare the difference between healthy controls and poorly controlled asthmatics.Wilcoxon Signed Rank tests were used to compare the pre-and post-bronchodilator values.Results:Neither MBW nor FOT differentiated healthy controls from poorly controlled asthmatics (pre-bronchodilator data);both groups had similar baseline gas mixing and airway mechanics.There was no improvement in any MBW outcomes post-bronchodilator administration.FOT detected a significant and similar degree of improvement in the airway mechanics in both groups.Interpretation:Neither MBW nor FOT differentiated between poorly controlled asthmatics (when well) and healthy controls.MBW did not detect a significant bronchodilator response in either subject group,whereas FOT detected a similar degree of bronchodilator responsiveness in both groups.This discrepancy may reflect differential changes in airway mechanics and gas mixing properties in response to bronchodilators.

关键词： Forced oscillation technique Multiple breath washout Pediatric lung function measurement Pediatric asthma

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor inhibits BMP-4 induced apoptosis

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2012年第8期3卷 1206-1213页

作者： nicholas Matluk Tamara adams Aldona Karaczyn Joseph Verdi Maine Medical Center Research Institute Research Drive Scarborough USA

Non-canonical bone morphogenic protein (BMP) pathway signaling plays a critical role during embryonic neurogenesis, inducing apoptosis and eliminating an excess of neural progenitor cells, in preparation for the population of the neural stem cell niches. Our previous work discovered that non-canonical BMP signaling also induced the expression of the anti-apoptotic cytokine macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF). Because there are residual neural progenitors that escape BMP induced apoptosis, we believed the expression of MIF could be used to counter this specific type of developmental apoptosis. In vitro studies using P19 cells and ex vivo studies using E13 neural progenitor from wild type and mif-/-mice revealed that overexpression of mif was able to counteract BMP induced apoptosis, while in contrast ablation of mif resulted in a dramatic increase in apoptosis. Despite this finding, it is interesting to note that mif-/-mice, while presenting an overall increase in apoptosis are viable, ablation of mif expression in zebrafish and frog are embryonic lethal, suggesting a redundant or non-critical role of MIF in the developing mammalian embryo.

关键词： MIF BMP Apoptosis Embryonic Neural Stem Cell

Reliable and Efficient Long-Term Social Media Monitoring

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Journal of Computer and Communications 2021年第10期9卷 97-109页

作者： Jian Cao nicholas adams-Cohen R. Michael Alvarez Division of the Humanities and Social Sciences California Institute of Technology Pasadena California USA Accenture San Jose California USA

Social media data is now widely used by many academic researchers. However, long-term social media data collection projects, which most typically involve collecting data from public-use APIs, often encounter issues when relying on local area network servers (LANs) to collect high-volume streaming social media data over long periods of time. In this paper, we present a cloud-based data collection, pre-processing, and archiving infrastructure, and argue that this system mitigates or resolves the problems most typically encountered when running social media data collection projects on LANs at minimal cloud-computing costs. We show how this approach works in different cloud computing architectures, and how to adapt the method to collect streaming data from other social media platforms. The contribution of our research lies in the development of methodologies that researchers can use to monitor and analyze phenomena including how public opinion and public discourse change in response to events, monitoring the evolution and change of misinformation campaigns, and studying how organizations and entities change how they present and frame information online.

关键词： Social Media Cloud Computing Twitter Time Series

Potential impacts of UV exposure on lichen communities:a pilot study of Nothofagus dombeyi trunks in southernmost Chile

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Ecosystem Health and Sustainability 2015年第4期1卷 40-52页

作者： Marie T.Trest Susan Will-Wolf Rachel Keuler Nathaniel Shay Karen Hill Alyssa Studer Andy Muench Zachary Alexander Axel adams Leah Dittberner Martin Feehan Hannah Lee nicholas Galleguillos-Katz Joy B.Zedler Linda Graham Patricia Arancibia-Avila Department of Botany University of WisconsinMadisonWisconsin 53706 USA Department of Basic Sciences University of Bio-BioChillan 3800708 Chile

High-latitude terrestrial ecosystems face the triple threats of climate warming,increased exposure to UV arising from polar ozone depletion,and deforestation.Lichen communities of southernmost Chile are recognized for their high diversity,which includes nitrogen-fixing cyanolichens.Such lichens are common on forest trees,contribute nitrogen to forests,and are sensitive to exposure following deforestation(widespread in this region).In a pilot study of exposure effects on tree lichens,using nondestructive imaging methods,we compared lichen communities on trunks of isolated vs.forest tree trunks of southern Chilean beech(Nothofagus dombeyi,Nothofagaceae).We chose trees of similar diameter and trunk lean angle in conserved forest and nearby logged meadow on Navarino Island,XII Region Magallanes and Chilean Antarctica,Chile,within the annual southern ozone hole.Ninety-five percent of cyanolichen records,including Nephroma antarcticum,and 66%of records for other foliose lichens were from the forest,whereas pendulous usneoid lichens dominated N.dombeyi bark at the meadow site.Limitation of cyanolichen growth on isolated trees could affect ecosystem function in this poorly studied habitat.Possible factors contributing to strong community differences were increased light intensity,UV radiation,and wind stress,plus limited ability of lichens to colonize isolated trees in the logged meadow.UV radiation was likely an important stressor for some lichen species but not others.We recommend more extensive monitoring to pinpoint causes of differing lichen communities,and we encourage better protection of bark-dwelling lichens in southern hemisphere regions facing multiple threats.

关键词： bark lichens Chile cyanolichens deforestation forest fragmentation lichen diversity Nothofagus dombeyi southern ozone hole UV radiation

High affinity soluble ILT2 receptor:a potent inhibitor of CD8^(+)T cell activation

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Protein & Cell 2010年第12期1卷 1118-1127页

作者： Ruth K.Moysey Yi Li Samantha J.Paston Emma E.Baston Malkit S.Sami Brian J.Cameron Jessie Gavarret Penio Todorov Annelise Vuidepot Steven M.Dunn nicholas J.Pumphrey Katherine J.adams Fang Yuan Rebecca E.Dennis Deborah H.Sutton Andy D.Johnson Joanna E.Brewer Rebecca Ashfield Nikolai M.Lissin Bent K.Jakobsen Immunocore Limited 57c Milton ParkAbingdonOxonOX144RXUK Current address:Oxford Nanopore Technologies UK Current address:Geneva Merck Serono S.A. Switzerland Current address:Adaptimmune Limited UK

Using directed mutagenesis and phage display on a soluble fragment of the human immunoglobulin superfamily receptor ILT2(synonyms:LIR1,MIR7,CD85j),we have selected a range of mutants with binding affinities enhanced by up to 168,000-fold towards the conserved region of major histocompatibility complex(MHC)class I molecules.Produced in a dimeric form,either by chemical cross-linking with bivalent polyethylene glycol(PEG)derivatives or as a genetic fusion with human IgG Fc-fragment,the mutants exhibited a further increase in ligand-binding strength due to the avidity effect,with resident half-times(t1/2)on the surface of MHC I-positive cells of many hours.The novel compounds antagonized the interaction of CD8 co-receptor with MHC I in vitro without affecting the peptide-specific binding of T-cell receptors(TCRs).In both cytokine-release assays and cell-killing experiments the engineered receptors inhibited the activation of CD8^(+)cytotoxic T lymphocytes(CTLs)in the presence of their target cells,with subnanomolar potency and in a dose-dependent manner.As a selective inhibitor of CD8^(+)CTL responses,the engineered high affinity ILT2 receptor presents a new tool for studying the activation mechanism of different subsets of CTLs and could have potential for the development of novel autoimmunity therapies.

关键词： CD8^(+)T cells cellular activation autoimmunity cell surface molecules binding affinity phage display

Outcome predictors for severely brain-injured patients directly admitted or transferred from emergency departments to a trauma center

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2020年第2期11卷 120-121页

作者： Ryne Jenkins nicholas A.Morris Bryce Haac Richard Van Besien Deborah MStein Neeraj Badjatia Amir Medic Gaurika Mester Quincy K.Tran Program in Trauma The R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma CenterUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA Section of Neurocritical Care and Emergency Neurology Department of NeurologyUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA University of Maryland School of Medicine BaltimoreMDUSA University of Maryland at College Park College ParkMDUSA Department of Emergency Medicine University of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA

Dear editor,After sustaining severe traumatic brain injury(TBI),patients frequently require invasive mechanical ventilation(MV).However,up to 26%of patients require tracheostomy due to failure to wean from the ventilator.[1]The decision of when to perform tracheostomy is important as it balances the risk between avoiding prolonged MV and avoiding risk of tracheostomy.Early predictors for tracheostomy,i.e.,clinical factors when patients first present to an Emergency Department after trauma or when patient fi rst arrive at a regional trauma center,can help clinicians’medical decision-making process.

关键词： patients admitted trauma

Hydrodynamic computational modelling and simulations of collisional shock waves in gas jet targets

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2020年第1期8卷 42-51页

作者： Stylianos Passalidis Oliver CEttlinger George SHicks nicholas PDover Zulfikar Najmudin Emmanouil PBenis Evaggelos Kaselouris Nektarios APapadogiannis Michael Tatarakis Vasilis Dimitriou Institute of Plasma Physics&Lasers Hellenic Mediterranean UniversityChania 73133Rethymno 74100Greece The John adams Institute The Blackett LaboratoryImperial CollegeLondon SW72AZUK Kansai Photon Science Institute National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology(KPSI-QST)8-1-7 UmemidaiKizugawaKyoto 619-0215Japan Department of Physics University of IoanninaGR Ioannina 45110Greece Department of Music Technology and Acoustics Hellenic Mediterranean UniversityPerivolia 74133RethymnoGreece Department of Electronic Engineering Hellenic Mediterranean UniversityChalepa 73133ChaniaGreece

We study the optimization of collisionless shock acceleration of ions based on hydrodynamic modelling and simulations of collisional shock waves in gaseous targets.The models correspond to the specifications required for experiments with the CO2 laser at the Accelerator Test Facility at Brookhaven National Laboratory and the Vulcan Petawatt system at Rutherford Appleton Laboratory.In both cases,a laser prepulse is simulated to interact with hydrogen gas jet targets.It is demonstrated that by controlling the pulse energy,the deposition position and the backing pressure,a blast wave suitable for generating nearly monoenergetic ion beams can be formed.Depending on the energy absorbed and the deposition position,an optimal temporal window can be determined for the acceleration considering both the necessary overdense state of plasma and the required short scale lengths for monoenergetic ion beam production.

关键词： hydrodynamic simulations ion acceleration laser–plasma interaction

Enhanced ion acceleration from transparency-driven foils demonstrated at two ultraintense laser facilities

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Light(Science & Applications) 2023年第4期12卷 593-604页

作者： nicholas P.Dover Tim Ziegler Stefan Assenbaum Constantin Bernert Stefan Bock Florian-Emanuel Brack Thomas E.Cowan Emma J.Ditter Marco Garten Lennart Gaus Ilja Goethel George S.Hicks Hiromitsu Kiriyama Thomas Kluge James K.Koga Akira Kon Kotaro Kondo Stephan Kraft Florian Kroll Hazel F.Lowe Josefine Metzkes-Ng Tatsuhiko Miyatake Zulfikar Najmudin Thomas Püschel Martin Rehwald Marvin Reimold Hironao Sakaki Hans-Peter Schlenvoigt Keiichiro Shiokawa Marvin E.P.Umlandt Ulrich Schramm Karl Zeil Mamiko Nishiuchi Kansai Photon Science Institute National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology8-1-7 UmemidaiKizugawaKyoto 619-0215Japan The John adams Institute for Accelerator Science Blackett LaboratoryImperial College LondonLondon SW72AZUnited Kingdom Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf 01328 DresdenGermany Technische Universitat Dresden 01069 DresdenGermany Interdiscipllinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences Kyushu University6-1Kasuga-KoenKasugaFukuoka 816-8580Japan

Laser-driven ion sources are a rapidly developing technology producing high energy,high peak current beams.Their suitability for applications,such as compact medical accelerators,motivates development of robust acceleration schemes using widely available repetitive ultraintense femtosecond lasers.These applications not only require high beam energy,but also place demanding requirements on the source stability and controllability.This can be seriously affected by the laser temporal contrast,precluding the replication of ion acceleration performance on independent laser systems with otherwise similar parameters.Here,we present the experimental generation of>60 MeV protons and>30 MeV u-1 carbon ions from sub-micrometre thickness Formvar foils irradiated with laser intensities>1021 Wcm2.Ions are accelerated by an extreme localised space charge field≥30TVm-1,over a million times higher than used in conventional accelerators.The field is formed by a rapid expulsion of electrons from the target bulk due to relativistically induced transparency,in which relativistic corrections to the refractive index enables laser transmission through normally opaque plasma.We replicate the mechanism on two different laser facilities and show that the optimum target thickness decreases with improved laser contrast due to reduced pre-expansion.Our demonstration that energetic ions can be accelerated by this mechanism at different contrast levels relaxes laser requirements and indicates interaction parameters for realising application-specific beam delivery.

关键词： acceleration intense transparency