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Putting PLX5622 into perspective:microglia in central nervous system viral infection

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第6期18卷 1269-1270页

作者： Alanna G.Spiteri nicholas j.C.King Viral Immunopathology Laboratory InfectionImmunity and Inflammation Research ThemeSchool of Medical SciencesFaculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia Sydney Cytometry The University of Sydney and Centenary InstituteSydneyNSWAustralia Ramaciotti Facility for Human Systems Biology The University of Sydney and Centenary InstituteSydneyNSWAustralia Charles Perkins Centre The University of SydneyAustralia The University of Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases The University of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia The University of Sydney Nano Institute the University of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia

Elucidating the exact contribution of microglia to central nervous system(CNS)pathology has historically been extremely *** resident parenchymal myeloid cells are considered to have critical roles as frontline responders during pathogen invasion and CNS ***,understanding the precise temporal kinetics of microglial function is central to the evolution of novel therapeutics for disease intervention and/or resolution(Spiteri et al.,2022a).The development of PLX5622,a colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor(CSF-1R)inhibitor typically formulated into a rodent chow for simple oral administration has facilitated exploration of microglial functions in disease(Spangenberg et al.,2019).

关键词： invasion system precise

Biomarkers in renal cell carcinoma:Are we there yet?

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Asian j.urnal of Urology 2021年第4期8卷 362-375页

作者： Shuchi Gulati nicholas j.Vogelzang Division of Hematology and Oncology University of CincinnatiCincinnatiOhUSA Nevada Cancer Research Foundation Las VegasNVUSA

Management of kidney cancer has undergone a paradigm shift with the approval of new therapies over the last two *** these drugs have improved clinical outcomes in patients with kidney cancer,there are still a large number of patients who do not show obj.ctive responses.A multitude of investigators,including those for The Cancer Genome Atlas have biologically characterized and sub-classified kidney ***,we have not been able to identify molecular targets to effectively treat patients with kidney *** we familiarize ourselves with newer drugs for patients with kidney cancer,it is important to understand that these drugs may not work in every patient and instead may expose patients to unnecessary toxic effects along with burdening society with the financial *** we head toward the era of“precision medicine”,validated biomarkers are being utilized to guide treatment choices and help identify pathways of resistance in other tumor *** current review aims at evaluating the progress made so far in this realm for patients with kidney cancer.

关键词： Kidney cancer Clear cell Non-clear cell Immunotherapy Biomarkers

Shedding light on neurons:optical approaches for neuromodulation

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National Science Review 2022年第10期9卷 34-54页

作者： Shan j.ang Xiang Wu nicholas j.Rommelfanger Zihao Ou Guosong Hong Department of Materials Science and Engineering Stanford University Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute Stanford University Department of Applied Physics Stanford University

Today’ s optical neuromodulation techniques are rapidly evolving,benefiting from advances in photonics,genetics and materials *** this review,we provide an up-to-date overview of the latest optical approaches for *** begin with the physical principles and constraints underlying the interaction between light and neural *** then present advances in optical neurotechnologies in seven modules:conventional optical fibers,multifunctional fibers,optical waveguides,light-emitting diodes,upconversion nanoparticles,optical neuromodulation based on the secondary effects of light,and unconventional light sources facilitated by ultrasound and magnetic *** conclude our review with an outlo ok on new methods and mechanisms that afford optical neuromodulation with minimal invasiveness and footprint.

关键词： optical neuromodulation optogenetics neural interfaces

Signaling from T cell receptors (TCRs) and chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) on T cells

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2020年第6期17卷 600-612页

作者： Ling Wu Qianru Wei j.anna Brzostek nicholas R.j.Gascoigne Department of Microbiology and Immunology Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of Singapore5 Science Drive 2Singapore 117545Singapore Immunology Programme Life Sciences InstituteNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore

T cells react to foreign or self-antigens through T cell receptor(TCR)*** decades of research have delineated the mechanism of TCR signal transduction and its impact on T cell *** knowledge provides the foundation for chimeric antigen receptor T cell(CAR-T cell)technology,by which T cells are redirected in a maj.r histocompatibility complex-unrestricted *** and CAR signaling plays a critical role in determining the T cell state,including exhaustion and *** its artificial nature,CARs might affect or rewire signaling differently than TCRs.A better understanding of CAR signal transduction would greatly facilitate improvements to CAR-T cell technology and advance its usefulness in clinical ***,we systematically review the knowns and unknowns of TCR and CAR signaling,from the contact of receptors and antigens,proximal signaling,immunological synapse formation,and late signaling *** through different T cell subtypes and how signaling is translated into practice are also discussed.

关键词： CAR-T TCR Signaling T cell Immunological synapse

Complex interactions between biota, landscapes and native peoples

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Ecological Processes 2013年第1期2卷 297-299页

作者： j.se MV Fragoso nicholas j.Reo Department of Biology Stanford UniversityStanfordCAUSA Environmental Studies Program Dartmouth CollegeHanoverNHUSA

The papers presented here originated with a symposium held at the Ecological Society of America’s annual meeting in Portland,Oregon,in *** describe how native people and indigenous researchers view and understand the cultural and biological complexity inherent in coupled socio-ecological *** researchers note that interactions between native peoples and their environments consist of a complex network of linkages,feedbacks,and change,and they describe synthetic approaches to problem *** approaches often spring from long cultural traditions and recent adaptations to *** are examples of native peoples successfully managing biota and ecosystems for thousands of ***,current societal conditions often challenge indigenous-based efforts to continue managing ecosystems and ***,in the face of the new challenges native people continue to innovate and manage their environments and biota.

关键词： continue environments landscape

Separations of Metal Ions Using Ionic Liquids: The Challenges of Multiple Mechanisms

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Tsinghua Science and Technology 2006年第2期11卷 188-193页

作者： Violina A. Cocalia j.hn D. Holbrey Keith E. Gutowski nicholas j. Bridges Robin D. Rogers Department of Chemistry and Center for Green Manufacturing The University of Alabama Tuscaloosa AL 35487 USA

Ionic liquids are a distinct sub-set of liquids, comprising only of cations and anions, often with negligible vapor pressure. As a result of the low or non-volatility of these fluids, ionic liquids are often considered in liquid/liquid separation schemes where the goal is to replace volatile organic solvents. Unfortunately, it is often not yet recognized that the ionic nature of these solvents can result in a variety of extraction mechanisms, including solvent ion-pair extraction, ion exchange, and simultaneous combinations of these. This paper discusses current ionic liquid-based separations research where the effects of the nature of the solvent ions, ligands, and metal ion species were studied in order to be able to understand the nature of the challenges in utilizing ionic liquids for practical applications.

关键词： metal ion liquid-liquid separation ionic liquid solvent extraction

Role of c-Myc in lung cancer:Progress,challenges,and prospects

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Chinese Medical j.urnal Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine 2023年第3期1卷 129-138页

作者： nicholas j.Wallbillich Hua Lu Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Tulane University School of Medicine1430 Tulane AvenueNew OrleansLA 70112USA Tulane Cancer Center Tulane University School of Medicine1700 Tulane AvenueNew OrleansLA 70112USA

Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related deaths *** the recent advances in cancer therapies,the 5-year survival of non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC)patients hovers around 20%.Inherent and acquired resistance to therapies(including radiation,chemotherapies,targeted drugs,and combination therapies)has become a significant obstacle in the successful treatment of NSCLC.c-Myc,one of the critical oncoproteins,has been shown to be heavily associated with the malignant cancer phenotype,including rapid proliferation,metastasis,and chemoresistance across multiple cancer *** c-Myc proto-oncogene is amplified in small cell lung cancers(SCLCs)and overexpressed in over 50%of NSCLCs.c-Myc is known to actively regulate the tran-scription of cancer stemness genes that are recognized as maj.r contributors to tumor progression and therapeutic resistance;thus,targeting c-Myc either directly or indirectly in mitigation of the cancer stemness phenotype be-comes a promising approach for development of a new strategy against drug resistant lung *** review will summarize what is currently known about the mechanisms underlying c-Myc regulation of cancer stemness and its involvement in drug resistance and offer an overview on the current progress and future prospects in therapeutically targeting c-Myc in both SCLC and NSCLC.

关键词： Cancer dormancy Cancer stem cells c-Myc Drug resistance Epidermal growth factor receptor Lung cancer Non-small cell lung cancer Small cell lung cancer

Softening of phonon spectra in metallic glasses

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npj.Computational Materials 2016年第1期2卷 31-35页

作者： Reza Mahj.ub nicholas E Hamilton Kevin j.Laws Michael Ferry School of Materials Science and Engineering The University of New South WalesSydneyNSWAustralia

The vibrational spectra of a series of MgZnCa amorphous alloys were computed using density functional theory and implementing the small displacement *** atomic structures of the alloys were obtained by ab initio molecular dynamics *** vibrational thermodynamic properties were calculated as a function of temperature and,in particular,the specific heat at low temperature was approximated by temperature cubed based on the Debye *** computed the contribution of Mg vibrations to the specific heat and investigated the softening of Mg phonon spectra,where the maximum allowed vibrational frequency is lowered and highly collective diffusion processes are *** statistical correlation between the reported critical casting thickness of the alloys and softening of Mg phonons was *** calculations were performed for two distinctively different amorphous ZrTiCuAl alloys with large and small reported critical casting thickness,*** findings were consistent with those of the MgZnCa alloys.

关键词： alloys softening casting

Seasonal resource selection of an arboreal habitatspecialist in a human-dominated landscape: A case studyusing red panda

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Current Zoology 2023年第1期69卷 1-11页

作者： Damber Bista Greg S.Baxter nicholas j.Hudson Peter j.Murray School of Agriculture and Food Sciences(Wildlife Science Unit) The University of QueenslandGattonQLD 4343Australia School of Agriculture and Environmental Science University of Southern QueenslandDarling HeightsQLD 4350Australia

Human-dominated landscapes provide heterogeneous wildlife habitat. Conservation of habitat specialists, like red pandas Ailurus fulgens, inhabiting such landscapes is challenging. Therefore, information on resource use across spatial and temporal scales could enable informed-decisionmaking with better conservation outcomes. We aimed to examine the effect of geo-physical, vegetation, and disturbance variables on fine-scalehabitat selection of red pandas in one such landscape. We equipped 10 red pandas with GPS collars in eastern Nepal in 2019 and monitoredthem for 1 year. Our analysis was based on a generalized-linear-mixed model. We found the combined effect of geo-physical, vegetation, anddisturbance variables resulted in differences in resource selection of red pandas and that the degree of response to these variables variedacross seasons. Human disturbances, especially road and cattle herding activities, affected habitat utilization throughout the year whereas othervariables were important only during restricted periods. For instance, geo-physical variables were influential in the premating and cub-rearingseasons while vegetation variables were important in all seasons other than premating. Red pandas selected steeper slopes with high solarinsolation in the premating season while they occupied elevated areas and preferred specific aspects in the cub-rearing season. Furthermore,the utilized areas had tall bamboo in the birthing and cub-rearing seasons while they also preferred diverse tree species and high shrub coverin the latter. Our study demonstrates the significance of season-specific management, suggests the importance of specific types of vegetationduring biologically crucial periods, and emphasizes the necessity to minimize disturbances throughout the year.

关键词： Ailurus fulgens anthropogenic disturbances habitat specialists habitat utilization resource use spatio-temporal variation vegetation