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Heart healthy equals prostate healthy and statins, aspirin, and/or metformin （S.A.M.） are the ideal recommendations for prostate cancer prevention

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Asian j.urnal of Andrology 2015年第5期17卷 783-791,I0008页

作者： Mark A Moyad nicholas j.Vogelzang Department of Urology University of Michigan Medical Center Ann Arbor Michigan USA Developmental Therapeutics Committee and Genitourinary Committee for US Oncology Research Comprehensive Cancer Centers of Nevada Las Vegas Nevada USA

Cardiovascular disease （CVD） has been the number one cause of death in the U.S. for 114 of the last 115 years. Lifestyle factors that promote CVD also appear to increase prostate cancer risk and those that reduce CVD risk also appear to reduce the risk of prostate cancer. The largest randomized trials utilizing dietary supplements or pharmacologic agents for prostate cancer prevention （Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial [SELECT]） have also shed light on the problems and future solutions in this area. Dietary supplements that have not been found to be CVD protective, such as selenium and Vitamin E have not been found to be prostate protective. In addition, over exposure to specific anti-oxidants in nutritionally replete populations may be encouraging cancer growth. Futuretrials of dietary supplements to prevent prostate cancer could be problematic because by the time a definitive trial is initiated the participants will no longer be ＂deficient＂ in the nutrient being tested, which arguably occurred in the SELECT trial. It is also interesting that statins, aspirin, and/or metformin （S.A.M.） are 3 generic, low-cost, heart healthy agents derived from natural sources with separate mechanism of actions, which all appear to have the best benefit to risk ratio compared to any other agent available for prostate cancer prevention, especially aggressive disease, or as an ancillary agent （s） to conventional cancer treatment. It is time to focus on the forest over the trees and recommend proven CVD protective measures for men concerned about their risk of prostate cancer.

关键词： aspirin diet lifestyle metformin prostate cancer statins

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Teleseismic waves reveal anisotropic poroelastic response of wastewater disposal reservoir

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2021年第6期5卷 547-558页

作者： Andrew j.Barbour nicholas M Beeler u.s.geological survey earthquake science centerusa

Connecting earthquake nucleation in basement rock to fluid inj.ction in basal,sedimentary reservoirs,depends heavily on choices related to the poroelastic properties of the fluid-rock system,thermo-chemical effects *** constraints on these parameters outside of laboratory settings are rare,and it is commonly assumed that the rock layers are *** the Arbuckle wastewater disposal reservoir in Osage County,Oklahoma,high-frequency formation pressure changes and collocated broadband ground velocities measured during the passing of large teleseismic waves show a poroelastic response of the reservoir that is both azimuthally variable and anisotropic;this includes evidence of static shifts in pressure that presumably relate to changes in local *** azimuthal dependence in both the static response and shear coupling appears related to tectonic stress and strain indicators such as the orientations of the maximum horizontal stress and faults and *** dynamic strains from a nearby borehole strainmeter,we show that the ratio of shear to volumetric strain coupling is~0.41 which implies a mean Skempton's coefficient of A=0.24 over the plausible range of the undrained Poisson's *** these observations are made at relatively low confining pressure and differential stress,we suggest that the hydraulically conductive fracture network is a primary control on the coupling between pore pressure diffusion and elastic stresses in response to natural or anthropogenic sources.

关键词： poroelasticity dynamic strain anisotropy wastewater disposal Oklahoma induced seismicity

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Nitric Oxide Is Required for Homeostasis of Oxygen and Reactive Oxygen Species in Barley Roots under Aerobic Conditions

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Molecular Plant 2014年第4期7卷 747-750页

作者： Kapuganti j. Gupta Kim H. Hebelstrup nicholas j. Kruger R. George Ratcliffe Department of Plant Sciences University of OxfordSouth Parks RoadOxfordOX1 3RBUK Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics Aarhus UniversityForsogsvej 14200 SlagelseDenmark

Oxygen, the terminal electron acceptor for mitochondrial electron transport, is vital for plants because of its role in the production of ATP by oxidative phosphorylation. While photosynthetic oxygen production contributes to the oxygen supply in leaves, reducing the risk of oxygen limitation of mitochondrial metabolism under most conditions, root tissues often suffer oxygen deprivation during normal development due to the lack of an endogenous supply and isolation from atmospheric oxygen.

关键词： MITOCHONDRIA NO

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So you aspire to be a Professor?

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World j.urnal of Gastroenterology 2009年第44期15卷 5626-5627页

作者： nicholas j.Talley Department of Internal Medicine Mayo Clinic Jacksonville Professor of Medicine and EpidemiologyDivision of Gastroenterology & HepatologyMayo Clinic College of Medicine Consultant200 First Street S.W.PL-6-56Rochester MN 55905United States

＂The truth is that life is delicious, horrible, charming, frightful, sweet, bitter, and that is everything.＂ Anatole France （Francois-Anatole Thibault, 1844-1924）.

关键词：胃疾病临床治疗疗效

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Electrospun fibers:a guiding scaffold for research and regeneration of the spinal cord

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Neural Regeneration Research 2016年第11期11卷 1764-1765页

作者： nicholas j.Schaub National Institute of Standards & Technology Biosystems and Biomaterials Division

The challenge to regenerating the nervous system compared to other tissues in the body is the complexity of the tissue. For example, a small amount of scar tissue formation after an inj.ry to the skin may have few negative side effects, but any scar tissue in the central nervous system is a maj.r physical and chemical barrier to nerve regeneration （Sofroniew, 2009）.

关键词： Electrospun fibers

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Male and female meadow voles Microtus pennsylvanicus respond differently to scent marks from the top- middle-, and bottom-scent donors of an over-mark

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Current Zoology 2011年第4期57卷 441-448页

作者： Michael H. FERKIN nicholas j. HOBBS Benj.min D. FERKIN Adam C.FERKIN Daniel A. FERKIN Department of Biological Sciences The University of Memphis Ellington Hall Memphis TN 38152 USA

Previous studies have shown that individuals responded preferentially to the mark of the top-scent donor relative to that of the bottom-scent donor of an over-mark. However, terrestrial mammals are likely to encounter over-marks consisting of the scent marks of more than two same-sex conspecifics in the intersections of runways, near the nests of sexually receptive female conspecifics, and inside and along the borders of the territories of conspecifics. We determined how meadow voles, Microtus pennsylvanicus, respond to the marks of the top-, middle-, and bottom-scent donors of an over-mark. We tested the hypothesis that voles exposed to an over-mark will respond preferentially to the scent marks that were deposited more recently, the scent marks that were on top or near the top of the over-mark, compared to the scent marks that were deposited earlier or near the bot- tom of the over-mark. Voles spent more time investigating the mark of the top-scent donor than that of the either the middle- or bottom-scent donor. However, males but not female voles spent more time investigating the middle-scent mark than the bot- tom-scent mark. We also tested the hypothesis that voles evaluate and respond to over-marks differently from single scent marks. Voles spent more time investigating the marks of the top-, middle-, and bottom-scent donors compared to scent marks that were not part of the over-mark. Voles can distinguish among the overlapping scent marks of three scent donors and sex differences exist in the values they appear to attach to each of these scent marks [Current Zoology 57 （4）： 441-448, 2011 ].

关键词： Over-marks Voles Scent marks Olfactory communication

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Breaking the biotrophic interfacial complex:How genome editing can lead to rice blast resistance

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Molecular Plant 2023年第8期16卷 1243-1245页

作者： Vincent Were nicholas j.Talbot The Sainsbury Laboratory University of East AngliaNorwich Research ParkNorwich NR47UHUK

Genome editing is a transformational technology—by precisely altering the coding or regulatory sequence of a specific gene,it is now possible to change specific traits within a wide variety of *** a consequence,plant breeding can be taken to a new level of precision,and many countries are moving rapidly to adopt new legislation to permit genome editing(Greenwood et al.,2023).However,genome editing has so far seldom been used to develop disease-resistant *** is because plant immunity often depends on single dominant resistance genes,which encode immune receptors that recognize secreted effectors deployed by plant pathogens(j.nes and Dangl,2006).In this context,genetic modification has proven to be a much more powerful technology so far to introduce these genes from distinct varieties,or even different species,to develop disease resistant crop species(Greenwood et al.,2023),especially when multiple disease-resistance loci can be introduced together to provide more durable resistance(Luo et al.,2021).Genome editing can be used in an innovative way to resurrect previously effective resistance genes(Contreras et al.,2023),but it has been less effective at introducing new forms of disease resistance to crops.

关键词： breeding resistance editing

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Integrating volunteered smartphone data with multispectral remote sensing to estimate forest fuels

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International j.urnal of Digital Earth 2016年第2期9卷 171-196页

作者： Colin j.Ferster nicholas C.Coops Department of Forest Resources Management University of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada

Volunteered data sources are readily available due to advances in electronic communications *** example,smartphones provide tools to collect ground-based observations over broad areas from a diverse set of data collectors,including people with,and without,extensive *** this study,volunteers used a smartphone application to collect ground-based *** structural components were then estimated over a broader area using high spatial resolution RapidEye remote sensing imagery(5 spectral bands 440–850 nm,5 m spatial resolution)and a digital elevation model following a three nearest neighbor approach(K-NN).Participants with professional forestry experience on average chose highpriority fuel load locations near buildings,while nonprofessional participants chose a broader range of conditions over a larger *** used together,the professional and nonprofessional observations provided a more complete assessment of forest conditions.A generalized framework is presented that utilizes K-NN imputation tools for estimating the distribution of forest fuels using remote sensing and topography variables,ensuring spatial representation,checking attribute accuracy,and evaluating predictor *** to integrate volunteered data from smartphone platforms with remote sensing may contribute toward more complete Earth observation for Digital Earth.

关键词： citizen science public participation in scientific research mobile RapidEye red edge WUI

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Network analysis to inform invasive species spread among lakes

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j.urnal of Oceanology and Limnology 2019年第3期37卷 1037-1041页

作者： ESCOBAR Luis E. ROMERO-ALVAREZ Daniel LARKIN Daniel j. PHELPS nicholas B. D. Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation Virginia TechBlacksburgVirginiaUSA Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology-Biodiversity Institute University of KansasLawrenceUSA Department of Fisheries Wildlifeand Conservation BiologyUniversity of MinnesotaSt.PaulMinnesotaUSA Minnesota Aquatic Invasive Species Research Center University of MinnesotaSt.PaulMinnesotaUSA

Often facilitated by human-mediated pathways,aquatic invasive species are a threat to the health and biodiversity of global *** present a novel approach incorporating survey data of watercraft movement in a social network analysis to reconstruct potential pathways of aquatic invasive species spread between *** an example,we use the green alga Nitellopsis obtusa,also known as starry stonewort,an aquatic invasive species affecting the Great Lakes region in the United States and *** movement of algal fragments via human-mediated pathways(i.e.,watercraft)has been hypothesized as the primary driver of starry stonewort *** used survey data collected at boat ramps during the 2013 and 2014 openwater seasons to describe the flow of watercraft from Lake Koronis,where *** was first detected in Minnesota,to other lakes in the *** results suggest that the risk of *** expansion is not highly constrained by geographic proximity and management efforts should consider highly connected *** human movement via network analysis may help to explain past and future routes of aquatic invasive species infestation between lakes and can improve evidence-based prevention and control efforts.

关键词： Nitellopsis obtusa starry stonewort lake network invasion

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The path to cultural modernity and behavioral hyperplasticity: A synthesis of a lecture series at the IVPP, Beij.ng

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人类学学报 2019年第3期38卷 419-438页

作者： nicholas j.CONARD Department of Early Prehistory and Quaternary Ecology & Senckenberg Center for Human Evolution and Paleoenvironment University of TübingenSchloss Hohentübingen72070 TübingenGermany

This paper provides a schematic summary of the topics during the lecture series by Professor nicholas j. Conard at the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, focusing on the methodological issues and researches at four topics:1) Schoningen, 2) Sibudu and other Middle Stone Age(MSA) sites in South Africa, 3) excavations at Tonchesberg, Wallertheim and other Neanderthal sites, 4) the caves of the Swabian j.ra and the origins of art and music. Knowledge of excavation methods of his team, archaeological material in a broader context, and research achievements based upon the sites he is working on were shared by the lecture series. The lectures were also intended to foster international cooperation in teaching and research in future.

关键词： Paleolithic Excavation method Human evolution International cooperation

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