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Comparisons of two serious air pollution episodes in winter and summer in Beijing

Journal of Environmental Sciences 2018年第7期30卷 141-154页

作者： nianliang cheng Yunting Li Bingfen cheng Xin Wang Fan Meng Qin Wang Qihong Qiu Key Laboratory of Airborne Particulate Matter Monitoring Technology of Beijing Beijing Municipal Environmental Monitoring CenterBeijing 100048 China College of Water Sciences Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Beijing 100012 China

Characteristics of two serious air pollution episodes（9–15 January, as the winter case; and30 June to 1 July, as the summer case）, which occurred in Beijing in 2013 were investigated and compared using multi-method observations and numerical simulations. During these two air pollution episodes, PM2.5 concentrations varied significantly within Beijing, with PM2.5 concentrations in southern parts of Beijing being significantly higher than in northern areas. Typically, heavy air pollution episodes begin in the southern parts and disperse towards the northern parts of Beijing. Clearly, synoptic patterns and the stability of atmospheric circulation patterns were the main factors controlling air pollution in Beijing.During the winter case, a warm center above 900 h Pa occurred over Beijing. Meanwhile, in the summer case, although there was only a weak inversion, the convective inhibition energy was strong（over 200 J/k G）. This clearly influenced the duration of the air pollution event. Except for the local accumulation and secondary atmospheric reactions in both cases, regional straw burnings contributed a lot to the PM2.5 concentrations in summer case.Using the CAMxmodel, we established that regional transport contributed almost 59% to the PM2.5 averaged concentration in Beijing in the winter case, but only 31% in the summer case. Thus, the winter case was a typical regional air pollution episode, while the summer case resulted from local accumulation straw burnings transportation and strong secondary atmospheric reactions. Given that air pollution is a regional problem in China, consistent and simultaneous implementation of regional prevention and control strategies is necessary to improve regional air quality.

关键词： Air pollution episodes PM2.5 Regional transport Beijing Convective inhibition energy Straw burning

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A framework for investigating the air quality variation characteristics based on the monitoring data: Case study for Beijing during 2013–2016

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2019年第7期31卷 225-237页

作者： Jixian Cui Jianlei Lang Tian Chen Shushuai Mao Shuiyuan cheng Zhanshan Wang nianliang cheng Key Laboratory of Beijing on Regional Air Pollution Control College of Environmental & Energy Engineering Beijing University of Technology Beijing Municipal Environmental Monitoring Center

In this study, an analysis framework based on the regular monitoring data was proposed for investigating the annual/inter-annual air quality variation and the contributions from different factors(i.e., seasons, pollution periods and airflow directions), through a case study in Beijing from 2013 to 2016. The results showed that the annual mean concentrations(MC) of PM_(2.5), SO_2, NO_2 and CO had decreased with annual mean ratios of 7.5%, 28.6%, 4.6%and 15.5% from 2013 to 2016, respectively. Among seasons, the MC in winter contributed the largest fractions(25.8%～46.4%) to the annual MC, and the change of MC in summer contributed most to the inter-annual MC variation(IMCV) of PM_(2.5) and NO2. For different pollution periods, gradually increase of frequency of S-1(PM_(2.5), 0～ 75 μg/m^3) made S-1 become the largest contributor(28.8%) to the MC of PM_(2.5) in 2016, it had a negative contribution(-13.1%) to the IMCV of PM_(2.5); obvious decreases of frequencies of heavily polluted and severely polluted dominated(44.7% and 39.5%) the IMCV of PM_(2.5). For different airflow directions, the MC of pollutants under the south airflow had the most significant decrease(22.5%～62.5%), and those decrease contributed most to the IMCV of PM_(2.5)(143.3%),SO2(72.0%), NO_2(55.5%) and CO(190.3%); the west airflow had negative influences to the IMCV of PM_(2.5), NO_2 and CO. The framework is helpful for further analysis and utilization of the large amounts of monitoring data; and the analysis results can provide scientific supports for the formulation or adjustment of further air pollution mitigation policy.

关键词： Monitoring data analysis Air quality variations Airflow directions Pollution periods Beijing

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Characteristics of one-year observation of VOCs,NOx, and O_3 at an urban site in Wuhan, China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2019年第5期31卷 297-310页

作者： Yichang Yang Xingang Liu Jun Zheng Qinwen Tan Miao Feng Yu Qu Junling An nianliang cheng School of Environmental Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation School of Environment Beijing Normal University chengdu Academy of Environmental Sciences State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing Municipal Environmental Monitoring Center

A continuous online observation of ozone and its precursors(NOx, VOCs) was carried out in central urban Wuhan from September 2016 to August 2017. The concentration levels of ozone,NOx, VOCs and their variations in urban Wuhan were analyzed, as well as effects of VOCs on ozone photochemical generation and the main controlling factors for ozone production. During the observation period, the average concentrations of ozone and NOx in Wuhan was 22.63 and30.14 ppbv, respectively, and the average concentration of VOCs was 32.61 ppbv(42.3% alkanes,13.0% alkenes, 10.0% aromatics, 7.3% acetylene, 9.9% OVOCs, and 10.5% halohydrocarbons).Ozone concentration was higher in spring and summer as compared with autumn and winter,wheras VOCs and NOx concentratios were lower in spring and summer but higher in autumn and winter. Aromatics and alkenes, two of VOCs species, showed the highest contributions to ozone formation potential in Wuhan(35.7% alkenes, 35.4 aromatics, 17.5% alkanes, 8.6% OVOCs,1.6% halogenated hydrocarbons, and 1.4% acetylene). Among all VOCs species, those with the highest contribution were ethylene, m-xylene, toluene, propylene and o-xylene. The contribution of these five compounds to the total ozone formation potential concentration was 43.90%.Ozone-controlling factors in Wuhan changed within one day; during the early morning hours(6:00–9:00), VOCs/NOx was low, and ozone generation followed a VOCs-limited regime.However, during the peak time of ozone concentration(12:00–16:00), the ratio of VOCs/NOx was relatively high, suggesting that ozone generation followed a NOx-limited regime.

关键词： Ozone NOx VOCs variation VOCs chemical characteristics Ozone formation mechanism Wuhan

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‘Aerosol optical properties under different pollution levels in the pearl river delta(PRD)region of China’J.Environ.Sci.87(2020)49–59

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2021年第1期33卷 182-187页

作者： Liuwei Kong Min Hu Qinwen Tan Miao Feng Yu Qu Junling An Yuanhang Zhang Xingang Liu nianliang cheng State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation School of EnvironmentBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China chengdu Academy of Environmental Sciences Chengdu 610072China State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Beijing Municipal Environmental Monitoring Center Beijing 100048China

The authors regret 详细信息

The authors regret

关键词： pollution aerosol revised

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Overview of Urban PM_(2. 5) Numerical Forecast Models in China

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Asian Agricultural Research 2015年第10期7卷 47-53页

作者： nianliang cheng Hongxia LI Fan MENG Fahe CHAI College of Water Sciences Beijing Normal University Beijing Municipal Environmental Monitoring Center Institute of Advanced Technology Sun Yat-sen University State Key Laboratory for Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences

This paper made an overview and introduction of urban PM_(2. 5)numerical forecast models in China,and mainly introduced air quality simulated forecast system of Beijing,Shanghai,and Nanjing. On this basis,it discussed development direction and existing problems of urban PM_(2. 5)forecast models in China. Besides,it revealed significance of numerical models for air quality forecast. In a heavy air pollution of Beijing- Tianjin- Hebei in October 6- 12 th of 2014,the forecast results indicated that pollutants was transported from south to north,so the regional transport exerts great influence on concentration of PM_(2. 5).

关键词： PM2.5 Air quality Pollution forecast

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Study on the Current Situation and Source Apportionment of PM_(2.5) Pollution in China

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Asian Agricultural Research 2015年第1期7卷 66-70页

作者： nianliang cheng Shangyin GAO Yunting LI Bingfen cheng Kuikui YUAN Beijing Municipal Environmental Monitoring Center Tsinghua Holdings Human Settlements Environment Institute Shanxi Academy for Environmental Planning

In this paper,using concentration data of PM2. 5in 2013 in China and referring to a lot of literature,we preliminary studied the pollution of fine particulate matter and summarized PM2. 5source apportionment in the key cities in China. Our results showed that PM2. 5showed significant spatial and temporal distribution; high surface concentrations of PM2. 5concentrated mainly in the North China Plain,the Sichuan Basin,Yangtze River Delta and other regions; the average annual concentration of PM2. 5was about 80μg / m3 in North China Plain; Seasonal changes in the concentration of PM2. 5was winter > spring > autumn > summer; fired sources,industrial sources,vehicle exhaust were the major sources of PM2. 5; motor vehicle exhaust mostly contributed 10%- 30% to PM2. 5. This review provides a fundamental understanding of PM2. 5source apportionment and serves as an important reference for future source apportionment studies to be widely conducted in China.

关键词： China PM2.5 Source apportionment Pollution charact

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Numerical Simulation of Distribution and Deposition of PM_(2. 5) in Eastern China in 2010

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Meteorological and Environmental Research 2015年第7期6卷 46-51页

作者： cheng nianliang Wang Xiao Feng Yu College of Water Sciences Beijing Normal University Beijing Municipal Environmental Monitoring Center College of Resources and Environmental Sciences Henan Agricultural University Institute of Environmental Information Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences

The spatial distdbution and deposition of PM2.5 in coastal areas of eastern China in 2010 were simulated using the CMAQ model. The results show that the simulated data were consistent with the observed data, and the model could simulate the regional distribution of PM2.5 concentration. There were obvious seasonal variations in PM2.5 concentration in eastern China, and the spatial distribution of PM2.5 concentration which increased from the edge to the center of a city coincided well with that of the sources. In North China, the high-value center of PM2.5 concentration reached above 120 μg/m3. Wet deposition was the main way to remove PM2.5 , and wet deposition flux of PM2.5 was at least five times more than that of the dry deposition flux. Deposition flux of PM2.5 was the largest in summer, while it was the smallest in winter. The high-value center of deposition flux of PM2.5 in eastern China exceeded 30 mg/（ m2 · d）. Wet deposition of PM2s in each province or region accounted for more than 91% of total deposition of PM2.5. Total deposition of PM2.5 in all simulated regions amounted to 4.67 ×10^6 /a, and total deposition of PM2.5 in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei was up to 1.65 ×10^6 t/a.

关键词： CMAQ PM2.5 Numerical simulation Deposition China

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Impact of China's SO_2 Emissions on SO_2 Concentration and Sulfur Deposition in Japan

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Meteorological and Environmental Research 2015年第5期6卷 27-32页

作者： Liu Yanyan cheng nianliang Li Junjie Luo Yueping Hunan Environmental Monitoring Center Beijing Municipal Environmental Monitoring Center College of Water Sciences Beijing Normal University School of Geomatics Henan Urban Construction Institute

Based on the monitored data of references, EANET and the CMAQ （4.7.1） model scenado simulations, the annual average concentration of SO2 in China in the recent 10 years and the contribution of China＇s SO2 emissions to SO2 concentration and sulfur deposition at various sites in Japan downwind were analyzed. The results showed that from 2001 to 2009 annual average concentration of SO2 was 0 -150 μg/m^3 and showed a decreasing trend on the whole in China. The correlation coefficient of annual average concentration of SO2 at different sites in Japan and China＇s SO2 emissions was lower than that of annual average concentration and emission of SO2 in China＇s cities on the whole, showing that SO2 discharged in China had small impact on SO2 concentration in Japan. The contribution rate of China＇s SO2 emissions to annual average concentration of SO2 at various sites in Japan in 2010 was 7.5% -44.0%, averaging 22.6% ; the annual average volume concentration of SO2 at different sites in Japan caused by China＇s SO2 emissions was 0 -0.5 × 10^-9. The contribution rate of China＇s SO2 emissions to sulfur deposition at various sites in Japan in 2010 varied from 8.0% to 41.0%, averaging 22.1%.

关键词： Long-distance transportation Trend SO2 Contribution China

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珠三角地区大气污染物浓度改善气象与减排影响分析

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环境科学与技术 2019年第7期42卷 172-180页

作者：贾海鹰马晶昊程念亮宁廷州湖南省气象服务中心湖南长沙410118 中国环境科学研究院北京100012 枣庄学院机电工程学院山东枣庄277160

研究采用KZ(Kolmogorov-Zurbenko)滤波统计方法,结合数值模型情景分析技术,以CO为示踪污染物,对2013年1月-2017年12月珠江三角洲重点城市气象条件与源减排对CO浓度的影响进行了评估分析,结果显示:监测期间珠三角地区CO平均浓度为0.91 mg... 详细信息

研究采用KZ(Kolmogorov-Zurbenko)滤波统计方法,结合数值模型情景分析技术,以CO为示踪污染物,对2013年1月-2017年12月珠江三角洲重点城市气象条件与源减排对CO浓度的影响进行了评估分析,结果显示:监测期间珠三角地区CO平均浓度为0.91 mg/m3,珠江三角洲重点城市CO浓度日变化呈现双峰型分布,早上08∶00-10∶00出现第1个峰值,下午20∶00左右出现第2个峰值;季节变化上整体呈现出冬季>春、秋季>夏季的特征;空间分布上珠三角、粤北地区浓度较高,粤东、粤西地区浓度则较低。KZ滤波统计方法显示污染源减排措施对珠江三角洲地区不同城市CO浓度贡献占比在85.79%~103.79%之间;WRF-CMAQ数值模型情景分析结果显示污染源减排措施对珠江三角洲地区不同城市CO浓度贡献占比在79%~96%之间;综合表明源减排措施对2013–2017年北京市不同点位CO浓度的改善起着主导作用。

关键词： CO 空间分布区域输送珠三角气象条件 Kolmogorov-Zurbenko

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2014年10月北京市4次典型空气重污染过程成因分析

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环境科学研究 2015年第2期28卷 163-170页

作者：程念亮李云婷张大伟陈添徐文帅孙峰董欣北京市环境保护监测中心北京100048 北京市环境保护局北京100048

采用数值模拟与观测资料相结合的方式,对2014年10月北京市4次典型空气重污染过程的大气环境背景、气象条件和形成原因进行了分析.结果表明,京津冀区域稳定的气象条件是形成空气重污染的主要原因,4次重污染过程大气条件均不利于污染物扩... 详细信息

采用数值模拟与观测资料相结合的方式,对2014年10月北京市4次典型空气重污染过程的大气环境背景、气象条件和形成原因进行了分析.结果表明,京津冀区域稳定的气象条件是形成空气重污染的主要原因,4次重污染过程大气条件均不利于污染物扩散,表现为大气层结稳定,近地层逆温（平均逆温强度为2.26℃/100 m）明显,风速（平均值为1.52 m/s）小,相对湿度（平均值为80.75%）大.在4次重污染过程中8—11日污染最重,ρ（Pm^2.5）日均值平均为264μg/m^3,并且区域输送对北京贡献率最大,平均值为63.75%;24—25日污染程度次之,逆温最强,逆温强度达5.94℃/100 m;18—20日重污染中北京ρ（Pm^2.5）高值（〉200μg/m^3）区主要集中在该市西北部地区;30—31日污染相对较轻,ρ（Pm^2.5）日均值最高只有154μg/m^3.数值模拟表明,在4次典型重污染过程中,来自南方（包括河北、河南和山西西部等地）的外来污染物输送对北京Pm^2.5贡献较大,外来贡献率分别在42.36%-69.12%之间,同时北京本地也存在较强的二次无机盐及有机物转化过程.

关键词：重污染成因逆温区域输送

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