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Impact of Tillage and Herbicides on Weed Density, Yield and Quality of Cotton in Wheat Based Cropping System

Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2013年第9期12卷 1568-1579页

作者： Khalid Usman niamatullah khan Muhammad Umar khan Aziz ur Rehman Said Ghulam Department of Agronomy Faculty of AgricultureGomal University Department of Agriculture Chemistry Faculty of AgricultureGomal University Department of Soil & Environmental Sciences Faculty of AgricultureGomal University

Conservation tillage may improve yield of cotton in addition to improvement in soil quality if practiced for longer period. However, the practice may not be productive in short-term particularly when severe weeds are infesting the crops such as Cynodon dactylon, Conyza canadensis, Tribulus terrestris, and Cyperus rotundus, etc. Recent studies indicate that conventional tillage （CT） is more productive than zero tillage （ZT）/reduced tillage （RT）. Performance of cotton under three tillage systems, viz., ZT, RT and CT; and five herbicides, i.e., haloxyfop-R-methyl 10.8 EC （108 g a.i. ha^-1）, lactofen 24 EC （168 g a.i. ha^-1）, haloxyfop 10.8 EC ＋ lactofen 24 EC, hand weeding, and weedy check were evaluated during 2010-2011 at Gomal University, ***, Pakistan, to explore the best management option for effective weed control, enhanced yield and quality of cotton grown after wheat. The results revealed that hand weeding and Haloxyfop as post emergence alone or in combination with Lactofen reduced weed density to the minimum irrespective of the tillage systems. Excessive rainfall and cooler temperature limited cotton growth and yield in 2010. The adverse weather conditions had more adverse effect on boll weight under ZT and RT than CT. Haloxyfop ＋ lactofen produced higher seed cotton yield in RT than ZT, however, it could not exceed CT. Broad-spectrum herbicides x CT produced the highest number of bolls/plant, boll weight and seed cotton yield. Fiber quality and net returns were also the highest in broad-spectrum herbicides x CT. In conclusion, broad-spectrum herbicides under CT were more productive in wheat based cropping system on silty clay soil of ***.

关键词： tillage herbicide cotton seed cotton yield weed density net return

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Response of Wheat to Tillage Plus Rice Residue and Nitrogen Management in Rice-Wheat System

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2014年第11期13卷 2389-2398页

作者： Khalid Usman Ejaz Ahmad khan niamatullah khan Abdur Rashid Fazal Yazdan Saleem Ud Din Department of Agronomy Faculty of Agriculture Gomal UniversityD. I. Khan 29050 Pakistan Cotton Research Station Ratta KulachiD. I. Khan 29050 Pakistan Arid Zone Research Institute Ratta KulachiD. I. Khan 29050 Pakistan Oil Seed Research Program National Agricultural Research CentreIslamabad 44000Pakistan

Zero tillage with residues retention and optimizing nitrogen fertilization are important strategies to improve soil quality and wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） yield in rice （Oryza sativa L.）-wheat system. Field experiments were conducted on silty clay soil （Hyperthermic, and Typic Torrilfuvents） in D. I. khan, Pakistan, to explore the impact of six tillage methods （zero tillage straw retained （ZTsr）, ZT straw burnt （ZTsb）, reduced tillage straw incorporated （RTsi, including tiller and rotavator）, RT straw burnt （RTsb）, conventional tillage straw incorporated （CTsi, including disc plow, tiller, rotavator, and leveling operations）, CT straw burnt （CTsb）） and ifve nitrogen rates, i.e., 0, 100, 150, 200, and 250 kg ha-1 on wheat yield. Mean values for N revealed that spikes m-2, grains/spike, 1 000-grain weight （g）, and grain yield （kg ha-1） were signiifcantly higher at 200 kg N ha-1 in both the years as well as mean over years than all other treatments. Mean values for tillage revealed that ZTsr produced highest number of spikes m-2 among tillage methods. However, grains/spike, 1 000-grain weight, and grain yield were higher in tillage methods with either straw retained/incorporated than tillage methods with straw burnt. Interaction effects were signiifcant in year 1 and in mean over years regarding spikes m-2, 1 000-grain weight, total soil organic matter （SOM）, and total soil N （TSN）. ZTsr produced the most spikes m-2 and 1 000-grain weight at 200 kg N ha-1. ZTsr also produced higher SOM and TSN at 200-250 kg N ha-1 at the end of 2 yr cropping. Thus ZTsr with 200 kg N ha-1 may be an optimum and sustainable approach to enhance wheat yield and soil quality in rice-wheat system.

关键词： wheat yield tillage nitrogen TSN SOM

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Short Response of Spring Wheat to Tillage, Residue Management and Split Nitrogen Application in a Rice-Wheat System

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2014年第12期13卷 2625-2633页

作者： Khalid Usman Ejaz Ahmad khan Fazal Yazdan niamatullah khan Abdur Rashid Saleem Ud Din Department of Agronomy Faculty of Agriculture Gomal UniversityD. I. Khan 29050 Pakistan Oil Seed Research Programme National Agricultural Research Center (NARC) Cotton Research Station Ratta Kulachi D. I. Khan 29050 Pakistan Arid Zone Research Institute Ratta Kulachi D. I. Khan 29050 Pakistan

A ifeld experiment was conducted to study the impact of tillage, crop residue management and nitrogen （N） splitting on spring wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） yield over 2 yr （2010-2012） in a rice （Oryza sativa L.）-wheat system in northwestern Pakistan. The experiment was conducted as split plot arranged in randomized complete blocks design with three replications. Treatments comprised six tillage and residue managements：zero tillage straw retained （ZTsr）, zero tillage straw burnt （ZTsb）, reduced tillage straw incorporated （RTsi）, reduced tillage straw burnt （RTsb）, conventional tillage straw incorporated （CTsi）, and conventional tillage straw burnt （CTsb） as main plots and N （200 kg ha-1） was applied as split form viz., control （no nitrogen＆no splitting, N0S0）;2 splits of total N, half at sowing and half at the 1st irrigation （i.e., 20 d after sowing （DAS））（NS1）;3 splits of total N, 1/3 at sowing, 1/3 at the 1st irrigation, and 1/3 at the 2nd irrigation （NS2）;4 splits of total N, 1/4 at sowing, 1/4 at the 1st irrigation, 1/4 at the 2nd irrigation （45 DAS）, and 1/4 at the 3rd irrigation （70 DAS）（NS3）;and 4 splits of total N, 1/4 at the 1st irrigation, 1/4 at the 2nd irrigation, 1/4 at the 3rd irrigation, and 1/4 at the 4th irrigation （95DAS）（NS4） as sub plots. The results showed that the most pikes m-2, grains/spike, 1 000-grain weight, grain yield, and N use efifciency （NUE） were obtained at zero tillage, straw retained and 4 splits application of total N （i.e., at sowing 20, 45 and 70 d after sowing）. The results indicated that ZTsr with application of 200 kg N ha-1 in 4 equal splits viz. at sowing 20, 45 and 70 d after sowing is an appropriate strategy that enhanced wheat yield （7 436-7 634 kg ha-1） and N efifciency （28.6-29.5 kg kg-1） in rice-wheat system.

关键词： tillage residue management N split application wheat yield

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Impact of temperature on yield and related traits in cotton genotypes

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2016年第3期15卷 678-683页

作者： Kalim Ullah niamatullah khan Zahid Usman Rehmat Ullah Fazal Yazdan Saleem Syed Asif Imran Shah Muhammad Salman Pakistan Central Cotton Committee Cotton Research Station Department of Agricultural Extension Education & Communication The University of Agriculture Oil Seed Programme National Agriculture Research Center

Cotton growth and development is influenced by various uncontrollable environmental conditions. Temperature variations in the field can be created by planting at different dates. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of planting dates and thermal temperatures（growing degree days） on yield of 4 cotton genotypes, viz., CIM-598, CIM-599, CIM-602 and Ali Akbar-703. Plants were subjected to 6 planting dates during 2013 and 2014 in a trial conducted in randomized complete block design with four replications. For boll number, boll weight and seed cotton yield, cotton genotypes exhibited significant differences, CIM-599 produced the highest seed cotton yield of 2 062 kg ha^（–1） on account of maximum boll number and boll weight. The highest seed cotton yield was recorded in planting dates from 15 th April to 1st May whereas early and delayed planting reduced the yield due to less accumulation of heat units. Regression analysis revealed that increase of one unit（15 days） from early to optimum date（15th March to 15 th April） increased yield by 93.58 kg ha^–1. Delay in planting also decreased the seed cotton yield with the same ratio. Thus it is concluded that cotton must be sown from 15 th April to 1st May to have good productivity in this kind of environment.

关键词： Gossypium hirsutum planting dates growing degree days genotypes

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Effect of Tillage and Nitrogen on Wheat Production, Economics, and Soil Fertility in Rice-Wheat Cropping System

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2013年第1期4卷 17-25页

作者： Khalid Usman Ejaz Ahmad khan niamatullah khan Muhammad Anwar khan Said Ghulam Sarfaraz khan Jalaluddin Baloch Department of Agronomy Faculty of Agriculture Gomal University Dera Ismail Khan Pakistan Department of Horticulture Faculty of Agriculture Gomal University Dera Ismail Khan Pakistan Department of Soil & Environmental Sciences Faculty of Agriculture Gomal University Dera Ismail Khan Pakistan University Wensam College Gomal University Dera Ismail Khan Pakistan

Conservation tillage and nitrogen may improve soil fertility, yield and income on sustainable basis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of three tillage systems viz. zero (ZT), reduced (RT), and conventional tillage (CT) and five N rates (0, 80, 120, 160, and 200 kg·N·ha-1) on yield and yield components, soil organic matter (SOM), total soil N (TSN), and income of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown after rice (Oryza sativa L.). Nitrogen rates significantly affected yield and yield attributing characters with highest values recorded at200 kg·N·ha-1. Mean maximum grain yield (6390 -6845 kg·ha-1), net benefit (1359 - 1460 US$ ha-1), and benefit cost ratio (5.6 - 5.7) could be achieved at 160 to200 kg·N·ha-1. The tillage systems produced similar yield and yield components except spikes m-2. The SOM and TSN were highest in ZT compared to other tillage systems. Though tillage × N interactions were not significant for most of the parameters under study, the overall effect of ZT with200 kg·N·ha-1 appeared to be most favorable compared to RT and CT. Zero tillage resulted in highest number of spikes m-2 (304.4), SOM (9.6 g·kg-1) and TSN (0.5 g·kg-1) with200 kg·N·ha-1. The results suggest that ZT with200 kg·N·ha-1 was optimum and sustainable strategy to achieve higher yield and income and also to improve SOM and TSN on silty clay soil.

关键词： Wheat Tillage Nitrogen Income SOM TSN

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Sewage Sludge: An Important Biological Resource for Sustainable Agriculture and Its Environmental Implications

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2012年第12期3卷 1708-1721页

作者： Khalid Usman Sarfaraz khan Said Ghulam Muhammad Umar khan niamatullah khan Muhammad Anwar khan Shad khan Khalil Department of Agriculture Chemistry Faculty of Agriculture Gomal University Dera Ismail Khan Pakistan Department of Agronomy Agricultural University Peshawar Pakistan Department of Agronomy Faculty of Agriculture Gomal University Dera Ismail Khan Pakistan Department of Soil Science Faculty of Agriculture Gomal University Dera Ismail Khan Pakistan University Wensam College Gomal University Dera Ismail Khan Pakistan

Intensive farming generally needs large addition of organic matter to maintain fertility and enhance crop yields. Sewage sludge/biosolids are by-products of municipal and industrial wastewater treatment and a rich source of organic nutrients. Sewage sludge having high content of organic matter, macro- and micro-nutrients, can be used as fertilizer/soil conditioner for food, vegetable crop, horticultural plants and pasture, which in most cases can be beneficially recycled. In the past sewage sludge was regarded as a waste product due to expected high level of contaminants such as pathogens, pollutants and synthetic materials discharged in sewer from homes and industries, which were often incinerated, dumped in occasion or land fill. As a result of rapidly increasing population, urbanization and industrialization, wastewater production and sewage sludge generation have increased manifold. Due to high cost of mineral fertilizers and escalating trends in their prices, there is an increasing trend of using sewage sludge in agriculture, especially under intensive cropping in arid and semi arid regions of the country. Therefore, application of sewage sludge to agricultural soils may be sustainable and economical due to nutrient cycling and disposal of sewage sludge. However, there may be a risk in use of sewage sludge due to potentially harmful contents present in the sludge such as heavy metals and pathogens. This paper, therefore, presents a review on various aspects of sewage sludge used in agriculture.

关键词： Sewage Sludge Sustainable Agriculture Pathogen Heavy Metals Soil Quality and Fertility

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Weeds of Wheat Crop and Their Control Strategies in Dera Ismail khan District, Khyber Pakhtun Khwa, Pakistan

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2013年第1期4卷 66-76页

作者： Sarfaraz khan Marwat Khalid Usman niamatullah khan Muhammad Umar khan Ejaz Ahmad khan Muhammad Anwar khan Aziz ur Rehman Department of Agriculture Chemistry Department of Plant Sciences Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad Pakistan Department of Agronomy Faculty of Agriculture Gomal University Dera Ismail Khan Pakistan University WENSAM College Gomal University Dera Ismail Khan Pakistan

This study is based on research work conducted during 2008-2010 inDera Ismail khan, KPK,Pakistan. The research area was extensively surveyed to investigate weed species. About 32 weed species, belonging to two monocot and thirteen dicot families, were collected from the study area. Plants were identified with the help of available literature and by comparing with the already identified plant specimens of the herbarium ofQuaid-i-AzamUniversity,Islamabad,Pakistan. Data inventory constitutes botanical name, vernacular name, English name, family, and flowering and fruiting period. Phalarus minor, Rumax dentatus, and Chenopodium album were the dominant weeds in the study area having comparatively higher relative weed density. Weeds having tough competition with wheat crop for light, moisture, and nutrients adversely affect wheat production. Hence, a constant effort is needed to keep the weed population under control. Many methods of weed control and eradication have been devised but chemical control is the most effective one. However, it may have some environmental consequences if not handled properly.

关键词： Weeds Control Strategies Wheat Crop

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载体和助剂对镍基催化剂二氧化碳甲烷化性能的影响

载体和助剂对镍基催化剂二氧化碳甲烷化性能的影响

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作者： niamatullah 天津大学

学位级别：硕士

21世纪,人类面临的两个最大挑战是环境的可持续发展和自然资源的可持续利用。催化加氢反应二氧化碳甲烷化是解决与二氧化碳相关的环境问题和更好地利用碳资源的有效方法。作为其他催化转化方法,催化剂在二氧化碳甲烷化反应中非常重要。... 详细信息

21世纪,人类面临的两个最大挑战是环境的可持续发展和自然资源的可持续利用。催化加氢反应二氧化碳甲烷化是解决与二氧化碳相关的环境问题和更好地利用碳资源的有效方法。作为其他催化转化方法,催化剂在二氧化碳甲烷化反应中非常重要。在目前所研究的催化剂中,镍基催化剂具有优异的二氧化碳甲烷化反应性能。此外,由于镍资源广泛且价格低廉,镍基催化剂被认为是最有前景的催化剂之一。在该研究中,分别使用模板法,共沉淀法和水热法合成了一系列二氧化铈-二氧化锆混合氧化物。通过水热法制备载体时,采用不同的铈/锆摩尔比(1:9,5:5,7:3)和水热温度(90,110,130,160 ℃)来研究铈锆含量和水热温度对镍基催化剂的影响。与不同水热温度制备的样品相比,不同铈锆比例对催化活性影响更大。此外,研究了助剂Co,Mn,K和Nd对铈锆负载镍基催化剂的二氧化碳甲烷化反应的影响。在所使用的助剂中,Nd在400 ℃改善了5wt.%Ni/CZ催化剂的二氧化碳甲烷化性能。随着x Ni3Nd/CZ催化剂的镍负载量从5%增加到25%,催化剂的活性首先在300 ℃时升高,然后在400℃时急剧下降。而对于5%Ni3%Nd/CZ催化剂,在该温度下稳定并且表现出最高的二氧化碳转化率81%,这表明5%镍负载量是Nd掺杂的Ni/CZ催化剂的最佳负载量。

关键词：二氧化碳甲烷化镍基催化剂助剂 CeO2-ZrO2固溶体

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Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Transitional Cell Carcinoma of the Bladder： A Single Centre Experience

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Journal of Life Sciences 2016年第2期10卷 85-90页

作者： Gauhar Sultan Babar Malik Syed Najeeb niamatullah Altaf Hashmi Asad Shehzad Mubarak M SyedAdeeb ul Hassan Rizvi Department of Medical Oncology Sindh Institute of Urology & Transplantation Karachi Pakistan Department of Pathology Sindh Institute of Urology & Transplantation KarachL Pakistan

Urothelial cancers usually recur distantly rather than loco-regionally. In patients with pT2 and pT3/pT4 tumors, local recurrence has been observed in 3-4% and 11-16%, respectively, whereas distant failure has occurred in 10-27% and 19-35%, respectively. Despite local therapy most patients with muscle invasive transitional cell carcinoma （TCC） of the bladder die of systemic relapse, indicating a need for effective adjunctive systemic treatment. We determined whether neoadjuvant chemotherapy improved overall survival. This study evaluated the role of neoadjuvant combination chemotherapy with gemcitabine/cisplatin （GC） in improving the outcome of this group of patients. A total of 44 patients （84% Male, 16% Female） with newly diagnosed bladder cancer （T3-4, N0-2, M0） were subjected to initial 3 cycles of GC, then managed according to response. Patients were assessed clinically after each cycle and by Interim CT scan after 3 cycles of chemotherapy and those who achieved complete or partial response underwent radical cystectomy. We enrolled 63 patients, 19 of whom were found to be ineligible; thus, 44 were assigned to receive neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery. Average size of the largest tumor was greater that 30mm in 77% patients. According to Computed Tomographic findings 70% patients belonged to Stage T4A. The overall response rate to GC was 50%, and incomplete response was achieved in 25% whereas 25% patients were lost to follow up. Twenty two patients who had complete response, underwent cystectomy and diversion. It was observed that those patients who underwent radical cystectomy with ureterosigmoidostomy had an increased serum creatinine in comparison to patients who had ileal conduit. The size of the effect is modest and combination chemotherapy can be administered safely without adverse outcomes resulting in delayed local therapy. Further efforts to identify the patients most likely to benefit from neoadjuvant therapy are necessary to optimize its us

关键词： Bladder cancer neoadjuvant chemotherapy cystectomy transitional cell carcinoma.

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