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Diagnosing health in composite battery electrodes with explainable deep learning and partial charging data

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Energy and AI 2024年第2期16卷 256-268页

作者： Haijun Ruan niall Kirkaldy Gregory J.Offer Billy Wu Dyson School of Design Engineering Imperial College LondonSW72AZLondonUK Centre for E-Mobility and Clean Growth Research Coventry UniversityCoventryCV15FBUK Department of Mechanical Engineering Imperial College LondonSW72AZLondonUK The Faraday Institution Harwell Science and Innovation CampusOX110RADidcotUK

Lithium-ion batteries with composite anodes of graphite and silicon are increasingly being used. However, their degradation pathways are complicated due to the blended nature of the electrodes, with graphite and silicon degrading at different rates. Here, we develop a deep learning health diagnostic framework to rapidly quantify and separate the different degradation rates of graphite and silicon in composite anodes using partial charging data. The convolutional neural network (CNN), trained with synthetic data, uses experimental partial charging data to diagnose electrode-level health of tested batteries, with errors of less than 3.1% (corresponding to the loss of active material reaching ∼75%). Sensitivity analysis of the capacity-voltage curve under different degradation modes is performed to provide a physically informed voltage window for diagnostics with partial charging data. By using the gradient-weighted class activation mapping approach, we provide explainable insights into how these CNNs work;highlighting regions of the voltage-curve to which they are most sensitive. Robustness is validated by introducing noise to the data, with no significant negative impact on the diagnostic accuracy for noise levels below 10 mV, thus highlighting the potential for deep learning approaches in the diagnostics of lithium-ion battery performance under real-world conditions. The framework presented here can be generalised to other cell formats and chemistries, providing robust and explainable battery diagnostics for both conventional single material electrodes, but also the more challenging composite electrodes.

关键词： Lithium-ion battery Composite electrode Silicon Degradation diagnostic Explainable deep learning partial charging

Lithium-Metal-Free Sulfur Batteries with Biochar and Steam-Activated Biochar-Based Anodes from Spent Common Ivy

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2024年第6期7卷 118-128页

作者： pejman Salimi Willem Vercruysse Susana Chauque Saeed Yari Eleonora Venezia Amine Lataf Nahal Ghanemnia Muhammad Shajih Zafar Mohammadhosein Safari An hardy Remo proietti Zaccaria Dries Vandamme Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia via Morego 30Genoa 16163Italy Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry University of Genovavia Dodecaneso 31Genoa I-16146Italy Analytical and Circular Chemistry(ACC) Hasselt UniversityMartelarenlaan 42Hasselt BE3500Belgium Institute for Materials Research(imo-imomec) Hasselt UniversityMartelarenlaan 42Hasselt BE3500Belgium Centre for Environmental Sciences(CMK) Hasselt UniversityMartelarenlaan 42Hasselt BE3500Belgium Energyville Thor Park 8310Genk BE3600Belgium IMEC Division IMOMECWetenschapspark 1Diepenbeek BE3590Belgium

Lithium-sulfur batteries are emerging as sustainable replacements for current lithium-ion *** commercial viability of this novel type of battery is still under debate due to the extensive use of highly reactive lithium-metal anodes and the complex electrochemistry of the sulfur *** this research,a novel sulfur-based battery has been proposed that eliminates the need for metallic lithium anodes and other critical raw materials like cobalt and graphite,replacing them with biomass-derived *** approach presents numerous benefits,encompassing ample availability,cost-effectiveness,safety,and environmental *** particular,two types of biochar-based anode electrodes(non-activated and activated biochar)derived from spent common ivy have been investigated as alternatives to metallic *** compared their structural and electrochemical properties,both of which exhibited good compatibility with the typical electrolytes used in sulfur ***,while steam activation results in an increased specific surface area,the non-activated ivy biochar demonstrates better performance than the activated biochar,achieving a stable capacity of 400 mA h g^(−1)at 0.1 A g^(−1)and a long lifespan(>400 cycles at 0.5 A g^(−1)).Our results demonstrate that the presence of heteroatoms,such as oxygen and nitrogen positively affects the capacity and cycling performance of the *** led to increased d-spacing in the graphitic layer,a strong interaction with the solid electrolyte interphase layer,and improved ion ***,the non-activated biochar was successfully coupled with a sulfur cathode to fabricate lithium-metal-free sulfur batteries,delivering a specific energy density of~600 Wh kg^(−1).

关键词： activated biochar biochar electrochemical performance functional groups lithium-metal-free sulfur batteries

Digital surgery for gastroenterological diseases

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第42期27卷 7240-7246页

作者： niall philip hardy Ronan Ambrose Cahill UCD Centre for precision Surgery University College DublinDublin D07 Y9AWIreland

Advances in machine learning,computer vision and artificial intelligence methods,in combination with those in processing and cloud computing capability,portend the advent of true decision support during interventions in real-time and soon perhaps in automated surgical *** capability,deployed alongside technology intraoperatively,is termed digital surgery and can be delivered without the need for high-end capital robotic *** area close to clinical usefulness right now harnesses advances in near infrared endolaparoscopy and fluorescence guidance for tissue characterisation through the use of biophysics-inspired *** represents a potential synergistic methodology for the deep learning methods currently advancing in ophthalmology,radiology,and recently gastroenterology via *** databanks of more general surgical videos are created,greater analytic insights can be derived across the operative spectrum of gastroenterological disease and operations(including instrumentation and operative step sequencing and recognition,followed over time by surgeon and instrument performance assessment)and linked to value-based ***,issues of legality,ethics and even morality need consideration,as do the limiting effects of monopolies,cartels and isolated data ***,the role of the surgeon,surgical societies and healthcare institutions in this evolving field needs active deliberation,as the default risks relegation to bystander or passive *** editorial provides insight into this accelerating field by illuminating the nearfuture and next decade evolutionary steps towards widespread clinical integration for patient and societal benefit.

关键词： Digital surgery Artificial intelligence Gastrointestinal disease Biophysics Deep learning Fluorescence-guided surgery

Microbiota-host interactions in irritable bowel syndrome: Epithelial barrier, immune regulation and brain-gut interactions

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第27期20卷 8859-8866页

作者： niall p Hyland Eamonn MM Quigley Elizabeth Brint Alimentary pharmabiotic Centre University College Cork 30 Cork Ireland Department of pharmacology and Therapeutics University College Cork 30 Cork Ireland Houston Methodist Hospital Houston TX 77030 United States Department of pathology University College Cork 30 Cork Ireland

Irritable bowel syndrome(IBS) is a common, sometimes debilitating, gastrointestinal disorder worldwide. While altered gut motility and sensation, as well as aberrant brain perception of visceral events, are thought to contribute to the genesis of symptoms in IBS, a search for an underlying aetiology has, to date, proven unsuccessful. Recently, attention has been focused on the microbiota as a possible factor in the pathogenesis of IBS. prompted by a number of clinical observations, such as the recognition of the de novo development of IBS following enteric infections, as well as descriptions of changes in colonic bacterial populations in IBS and supported by clinical responses to interventions, such as antibiotics and probiotics, that modify the microbiota, various approaches have been taken to investigating the microbiota-host response in IBS, as well as in animal models thereof. From such studies a considerable body of evidence has accumulated to indicate the activation or upregulation of both factors involved in bacterial engagement with the host as well host defence mechanisms against bacteria. Alterations in gut barrier function, occurring in response, or in parallel, to changes in the microbiota, have also been widely described and can be seen to play a pivotal role in generating and sustaining host immune responses both within and beyond the gut. In this manner a plausible hypothesis, based on an altered microbiota and/or an aberrant host response, for the pathogenesis, of at least some instances of IBS, can be generated.

关键词： Microbiota Irritable bowel syndrome Tolllike receptor Epithelial barrier Gut-brain axis

Helicobacter pylori:High dose amoxicillin does not improve primary or secondary eradication rates in an Irish cohort

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第16期12卷 2773-2779页

作者： Conor Costigan Aoife M O'Sullivan Jim O'Connell Shreyashee Sengupta Thomas Butler Stephen Molloy Fintan John O'Hara Barbara Ryan niall Breslin Sarah O'Donnell Anthony O'Connor Sinead Smith Deirdre McNamara Trinity Academic Gastroenterology Group School of Medicine-Trinity College DublinDublin D2Ireland Department of Gastroenterology Tallaght University HospitalDublin D24 NR0AIreland

BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori(***)eradication rates have fallen globally,likely in large part due to increasing antibiotic resistance to traditional *** areas of high clarithromycin and metronidazole resistance such as ours,Maastricht VI guidelines suggest high dose amoxicillin dual therapy(HDADT)can be considered,subject to evidence for local *** this study we assess efficacy of HDADT therapy for *** eradication in an Irish *** To assess the efficacy of HDADT therapy for *** eradication in an Irish cohort as both first line,and subsequent therapy for patients diagnosed with *** All patients testing positive for *** in a tertiary centre were treated prospectively with HDADT(amoxicillin 1 g tid and esomeprazole 40 mg bid×14 d)over a period of 8 *** was confirmed with Urea Breath Test at least 4 wk after cessation of therapy.A delta-over-baseline>4%was considered *** demographics and treatment outcomes were recorded,analysed and controlled for basic demographics and prior *** *** One hundred and ninety-eight patients were identified with *** infection,10 patients were excluded due to penicillin allergy and 38 patients refused follow up *** all 139 were included in the analysis,55%(n=76)were female,mean age was 46.6 ***,93(67%)of patients were treatment-naïve and 46(33%)had received at least one previous course of *** groups were statistically ***-reported compliance with HDADT was 97%,mild side-effects occurred in 7%.There were no serious adverse drug *** the eradication rate for our cohort was 56%(78/139).Eradication rates were worse for those with previous treatment[43%(20/46)vs 62%(58/93),p=0.0458,odds ratio=2.15].Age and Gender had no effect on eradication *** Overall eradication rates with HDADT were *** being a simple and possibly better tolerated regime,these results do not

关键词： Helicobacter pylori eradication Helicobacter pylori High dose amoxicillin High dose amoxicillin dual therapy Triple therapy

Rapid ongoing decline of Baird’s tapir in Cusuco National park, Honduras

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Integrative Zoology 2012年第4期7卷 420-428页

作者： niall p.McCANN phil M.WHEELER Tim COLES Michael W.BRUFORD School of Biosciences Cardiff UniversityCardiffUK Centre for Environmental and Marine Sciences University of HullScarboroughUK Operation Wallacea Wallace HouseOld BolingbrokeUK

During the International Tapir Symposium 16-21 Oct 2011,the conservation of Baird's tapir(Tapirus baindi)in Honduras received a boost with the signing of a memorandum of understanding between the Minister Direc-tor of the Honduran Instute of Conservation and Forestry(CF)and the Tapir Specialist Group(TSG)Despite this agreement,accelerating levels of hunting and habitat loss contimue to pose a threat to Baird's tapir in *** ongoing study in Cusuco National park in northwestern Honduras has been monitoring changes in population dynamics of Baird's tapir since 2006 through the collection of occupancy *** study has iden-tified an increase in hunting pressure,coinciding with a drastic decline in the encounter rate with Baird's tapir ***,we examine the significance of a range of demographic variables on Baird's tapir occupancy in Cu-suco National park using the software pRESENCE,and simulate the effects of different management strategies on the fiuture dynamics of the population using the stochastic simulation software VORTEX The predictions of the theoretical population models are compared to observed changes in occupancy *** found that non-intervention resulted in the local extinction of Baird's tapir within a very short time fiame,but that various in-tervention models enabled the population to recover to near carrying *** and extinction prob-ability were shown to respond marlkedly to the increase in hunting pressure;and occupancy models supported the fiuture population predictions generated by *** study suggests that immediate intervention is re-quired to reduce hunting pressure to near historical levels to prevent the imminent 1ocal extinction of the species.

关键词： Baird's tapir Honduras population viability analysis pRESENCE VORTEX

Factors Associated with Mortality in Diabetic patients with End-Stage Renal Failure Starting Emergency Hemodialysis

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Open Journal of Nephrology 2024年第1期14卷 17-24页

作者： Gaël Honal Mahoungou Daniel Tony Eyeni Sinomono Farel Elilié Mawa Ongoth Éric Ngandzali-Ngabé Nestor Andzouana Raissa Laure Mayanda Aymande Okoumou-Moko Francky Ambounou précieux Ngoma Berline Ndinga Héléna Botokoto Bothard hardy Ibovi Richard Loumingou Department of Nephrology University Hospital of Brazzaville Brazzaville Congo Faculty of Health Sciences University Marien Ngouabi Brazzaville Congo Department of Metabolic Diseases University Hospital of Brazzaville Brazzaville Congo

Background: Diabetic nephropathy is the leading cause of end-stage chronic kidney disease with poor prognosis in resource-limited settings. This study aimed to determine factors associated with mortality in patients starting dialysis treatment for end-stage chronic renal disease in an emergency context. patients and Methods: This was a retrospective study from January 2020 to December 2022 at CHU-B. Data from 79 diabetic patients requiring emergency dialysis were compared with those of 79 non-diabetic patients with an end-stage renal disease requiring emergency dialysis. Data were collected from the Nephrology Department registry. We studied their initial clinical and biological profiles and factors related to mortality. Results: Out of 545 compiled records, 79 diabetic chronic kidney disease patients needing dialysis were included (group 1). A control group of 79 non-diabetic chronic kidney disease patients requiring emergency dialysis was also included (group 2). The average age of patients was 53.5 ± 17 years, and the duration of diabetes at dialysis initiation was 14.8 ± 4.3 years. Twenty-three percent were hypertensive. Fifty-two percent of patients experienced intra-dialytic hypotension. Death occurred in 22% of patients. Results show that age (adjusted OR 1.955;CI: 1.025 - 1.086;p-value: Conclusion: Emergency dialysis in diabetics is associated with unfavorable outcomes in terms of mortality. Despite follow-up, renal involvement remains poorly explored, emphasizing the need for physician awareness.

关键词： Diabetic Nephropathy Emergency Dialysis Republic of the Congo

Cost benefit analysis of the use of tranexamic acid in primary lower limb arthroplasty: A retrospective cohort study

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2015年第11期6卷 977-982页

作者： niall p McGoldrick Eabhann M O'Connor Nikos Davarinos Rose Galvin John F Quinlan Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery Tallaght Hospital Department of Clinical Therapies University of Limerick

AIM: To examine the cost benefit conferred by the perioperative administration of intravenous tranexamic acid(TXA) in lower limb ***: This study evaluates the use of TXA in 200 consecutive lower limb arthroplasties performed in a single surgeon series. The initial 100 patients(control group) underwent surgery without perioperative administration of TXA while the subsequent 100 patients(TXA group) all received 1 g TXA at the time of induction of anaesthesia. pre- and post-operative haemoglobin, platelet count, haematocrit, the use of blood product post-operatively, length of stay were examined. A financial analysis of both groups was then undertaken. RESULTS: The mean age of patients in both groups was 63 ± 13 years. There were no significant differences between groups in terms of gender(p = 0.47), proportion of total hip replacement to total knee replacement(p = 0.25) or pre-operative haemoglobin(p = 0.43). In the control group, the transfusion rate was 22%. In the TXA group, the transfusion rate dropped to 2%(p post-operative haemoglobin was 10.82 ± 1.55g/dL in the control group vs 11.33 ± 1.27 g/dL in the TXA group(p = 0.01). The total cost of transfused blood products was €11055 and €603 respectively. The mean length of stay in the control group was 6.53 ± 5.93 d vs 5.47 ± 4.26 d in the TXA group(p = 0.15) leading to an estimated financial saving of €114586. There was one pulmonary embolus in the control group and one deep venous thrombosis in the TXA ***: Intravenous TXA reduces blood loss in lower limb arthroplasty. This leads to lower transfusion rates, shorter length of stay in hospital and significant financial savings.

关键词： Arthroplasty Hip Knee Tranexamic acid Cost-benefit analysis

Molybdenum alloying in cast iron and steel

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Advances in Manufacturing 2020年第1期8卷 3-14页

作者： Xiang-Ru Chen Qi-Jie Zhai Han Dong Bao-Hua Dai hardy Mohrbacher School of Materials Science and Engineering Shanghai UniversityShanghai 200444P.R.China CITIC Machinery Manufacturing Inc. Houma 043011ShanxiP.R.China Department of Materials Engineering KU LeuvenLeuven 3001Belgium NiobelCon bvba Schilde 2970Belgium

Metal casting is an important manufacturing technology for efficiently producing massive components with complex shape.A large share of industrial castings is made from iron and steel alloys,combining attractive properties and low production *** of properties in cast iron and steel is mainly achieved by alloying and in fewer cases by heat *** is an important alloying element in that respect,increasing strength,hardness and *** also facilitates particular heat treatments such as *** paper describes the metallurgical functionality of molybdenum alloying in iron-based castings and demonstrates its effectiveness for applications in the automotive and mining industry.

关键词： Grey cast iron Nodular iron pearlite Austempering Creep resistance Wear resistant alloys Hardness Toughness Mining industry Automotive industry