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Ultraviolet humic-like component contributes to riverine dissolved organic matter biodegradation

Journal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第2期124卷 165-175页

作者： Maofei ni Siyue Li College of Eco-Environmental Engineering Guizhou Minzu UniversityGuiyang 550025China Research Center for Environmental Ecology and Engineering School of Environmental Ecology and Biological EngineeringWuhan Institute of TechnologyWuhan 430205China The karst environmental geological hazard prevention laboratory of Guizhou Minzu University Guiyang 550025China Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment Research Center for EcohydrologyChongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesChongqing 400714China

Biological degradation of dissolved organic matter(DOM)regulates its structure and fate in river ecosystems.Previous views suggested that labile components were dominantly consumed by microbial metabolism.Here we provide new observations that a part of recalcitrant compounds largely contribute to riverine DOM biodegradation.The excitationemission matrix fluorescent spectroscopy combined with peak picking and parallel factor analysis are used to explore component variability during DOM incubation.Humic-like and tryptophan-like DOM are the primary components of riverine DOM,with proportion contributions of 39%–82% and 16%–61% for % of the maximumfluorescence intensity,respectively.After 56 days of aerobic incubation in the dark,large amounts of tyrosine-like DOM generation are observed.Elevated temperature enhances the decomposition of ultraviolet humiclike substance and further stimulates labile DOM bio-mineralization into carbon dioxide.Meanwhile,averaged proportions of amino acid compositions(peak B and T)markedly increase(p<0.05)as the humic-like compositions(peak A,M and C)decrease after DOM incubation,suggesting incomplete degradation of refractory DOM from high-molecular to low-molecular weight compounds.The findings support the new notion of the continuous DOM biodegradation in a mode as“steps by steps”,contributing to a new understanding of carbon cycling for the UN Sustainable Development Goal.

关键词： Dissolved organic matter(DOM) Sequential biodegradation Recalcitrant compounds Component and fate Fluorescence analysis

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A Questionnaire Survey on Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis Control and Prevention—China,2021

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China CDC weekly 2023年第8期5卷 176-179页

作者： Mingzhe Wang ni Wang ni ni Tao Li Lin Zhou Xin Du Yanlin Zhao Fei Huang Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Center for Disease Control and Prevention Urumqi CityXinjiang Uygur Autonomous RegionChina Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention BeijingChina

Summary What is already known about this topic?Tuberculosis(TB)is a multisystem disease that might affect any organ.Currently,the National TB Program(NTP)issued by the State Council of China,only covers pulmonary tuberculosis(PTB),and the status of extrapulmonary tuberculosis(EPTB)remains unclear nationwide.What is added by this report?The survey conducted by China CDC reported that there were no specific health facilities responsible for diagnosis,treatment and management of EPTB in China,while more than half of counties thought it should be included into NTP.

关键词： Tuberculosis diagnosis tuberculosis

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Introduction to advances in the study of supercritical geofluids

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Science China Earth Sciences 2023年第10期66卷 2391-2394页

作者： Huaiwei ni School of Earth and Space Sciences University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230026China Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environments&Center for Excellence in Comparative Planetology Chinese Academy of SciencesHefei230026China

The role of supercritical geofluids has received increasing attention in frontier research of geological processes in the deep Earth(ni,2020).Supercritical geofluids(hereafter referred to as supercritical fluids)are a special type of fluids permitted by complete miscibility between rock components(e.g.,silicates,carbonates,and sulfates)and water under high conditions of temperature and pressure.

关键词： fluids hereafter frontier

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Regional features of pollen R-values in China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第1期67卷 295-308页

作者： Jie XIA Jian ni College of Life Sciences Zhejiang Normal UniversityJinhua 321004China Jinhua Mountain Observation and Research Station for Subtropical Forest Ecosystems Jinhua 321004China

Establishing a quantitative relationship between modern pollen and vegetation remains a pivotal but intricate pursuit within the field of Quaternary palynology.The R-value,a well-established and traditional metric characterized by its simplicity and direct applicability,serves to calibrate the nonlinear disparities between surface pollen and modern vegetation.This study entails the construction of a comprehensive pollen R-value dataset for China derived from R-values published between 1987 and 2021.The dataset,compiled after rigorous screening,calibration,and standardization processes,encompasses 898 modern pollen sampling sites and 2115 pollen R-value data entries,encapsulating 152 pollen taxa spanning 65 families and 113 genera.Synthesizing the extracted R-values yielded the following insights:(1)A macrospatial analysis validates previously established knowledge at a site-specific scale.Evidently,pollen R-value variations across China are statistically significant.Approximately two-thirds of pollen taxa exhibit underrepresentation(e.g.,Taxodiaceae,Corylus,nitraria,Tamarix,Cyperaceae,Poaceae,and Fabaceae),while the remaining one-third display overrepresentation(e.g.,Pinus,Picea,Betula,Ephedra,Chenopodiaceae,and Artemisia).The degree of underrepresentation surpasses that of overrepresentation,and the representation patterns of Castanea,Quercus,Polygonaceae,and Asteraceae are contingent upon vegetation types.(2)Pollen R-values follow distinct spatial distribution patterns within China.In the woody vegetation region of eastern China,R-values progressively decline from north to south,correlating with rising temperatures and precipitation.Conversely,in herbaceous vegetation regions of northern and western China,R-values decrease from east to west and from northeast to southwest,corresponding to increased aridity.Nevertheless,pollen R-values manifest variation contingent on pollen taxa,vegetation types,and climatic regions,even differing for the same taxa across varying vegetation types and climatic conditions.This hi

关键词： Pollen R-value Modern pollen-vegetation relationship Regional pattern Variability Paleovegetation reconstruction

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Symmetric Hermitian decomposability criterion,decomposition,and its applications

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Frontiers of Mathematics in China 2022年第5期17卷 961-986页

作者： Guyan ni Bo YANG Department of Mathematics National University of Defense TechnologyChangsha 410073China

The Hermitian tensor is an extension of Hermitian matrices and plays an important role in quantum information research.It is known that every symmetric tensor has a symmetric CP-decomposition.However,symmetric Hermitian tensor is not the case.In this paper,we obtain a necessary and sufficient condition for symmetric Hermitian decomposability of symmetric Hermitian tensors.When a symmetric Hermitian decomposable tensor space is regarded as a linear space over the real number field,we also obtain its dimension formula and basis.Moreover,if the tensor is symmetric Hermitian decomposable,then the symmetric Hermitian decomposition can be obtained by using the symmetric Hermitian basis.In the application of quantum information,the symmetric Hermitian decomposability condition can be used to determine the symmetry separability of symmetric quantum mixed states.

关键词： Hermitian tensor tensor decomposition symmetric Hermitian decomposition quantum mixed states quantum entanglement

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Signature of helium rain and dilute cores in Jupiter’s interior from empirical equations of state

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2020年第2期4卷 111-119页

作者： DongDong ni State Key Laboratory of Lunar and Planetary Sciences Macao University of Science and Technology Institute for Planets and Exoplanets University of California

Measurements of Jupiter’s gravity field by Juno have been acquired with unprecedented precision, but uncertainties in the planet’s hydrogen–helium equation of state(EOS) and the hydrogen–helium phase separation have meant that differences remain in the interior model predictions. We deduce an empirical EOS from Juno gravity field observations in terms of the hydrostatic equation and then investigate the structure and composition of Jupiter by comparison of the empirical EOS with Jupiter’s adiabats obtained from the physical EOS. The deduced helium mass fraction suggests depletion of helium in the outermost atmosphere and helium concentration in the inner molecular hydrogen region, which is a signature of helium rain in Jupiter’s interior. The deduced envelope metallicity(the heavy-element mass fraction) is as high in the innermost envelope as 11–13 times the solar value. Such a high metallicity provides sharp support to the dilute core model with the heavy elements dissolved in hydrogen and expanded outward. No matter how the core mass is varied, the empirical EOS derived from the two-layer interior model generally suggests higher densities in the innermost envelope than does the best-fit Jupiter’s adiabat;this result is, again, a signature of dilute cores in Jupiter’s interior. Moreover, no matter the core mass,the empirical EOS is found to exhibit an inflexion point in the deep interior, around 10 Mbar, which can be explained as the combined effect of helium concentration in the upper part and dilute cores in the lower part.

关键词： Jupiter,interior abundances,interiors geophysics

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PCK1 dysregulation in cancer: Metabolic reprogramming, oncogenic activation, and therapeutic opportunities

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Genes & Diseases 2023年第1期10卷 101-112页

作者： Jin Xiang Kai Wang ni Tang Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases(Ministry of Education) Institute for Viral HepatitisDepartment of Infectious DiseasesThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400010China

The last few decades have witnessed an advancement in our understanding of multiple cancer cell pathways related to metabolic reprogramming.One of the most important cancer hallmarks,including aerobic glycolysis(the Warburg effect),the central carbon pathway,and multiple-branch metabolic pathway remodeling,enables tumor growth,progression,and metastasis.Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase1(PCK1),a key rate-limiting enzyme in gluconeogenesis,catalyzes the conversion of oxaloacetate to phosphoenolpyruvate.PCK1 expression in gluconeogenic tissues is tightly regulated during fasting.In tumor cells,PCK1 is regulated in a cell-autonomous manner rather than by hormones or nutrients in the extracellular environment.Interestingly,PCK1has ananti-oncogenic role in gluconeogenic organs(the liver and kidneys),but a tumor-promoting role in cancers arising from non-gluconeogenic organs.Recent studies have revealed that PCK1 has metabolic and non-metabolic roles in multiple signaling networks linking metabolic and oncogenic pathways.Aberrant PCK1 expression results in the activation of oncogenic pathways,accompanied by metabolic reprogramming,to maintain tumorigenesis.In this review,we summarize the mechanisms underlying PCK1 expression and regulation,and clarify the crosstalk between aberrant PCK1 expression,metabolic rewiring,and signaling pathway activation.In addition,we highlight the clinical relevance of PCK1 and its value as a putative cancer therapeutic target.

关键词： Gluconeogenesis Metabolism Oncogenesis PCK1 Tumor

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Neural mechanisms of social learning and decision-making

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2021年第6期64卷 897-910页

作者： Yinmei ni Jian Li School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China

One of the hallmarks of human society is the ubiquitous interactions among individuals.Indeed,a significant portion of human daily routine decision making is socially related.Normative economic theory,namely game theory,has prescribed the canonical decision strategy when"rational"social agents have full information about the decision environment.In reality,however,social decision is often influenced by the trait and state parameters of selves and others.Therefore,understanding the cognitive and neural processes of inferring the decision parameters is pivotal for social decision making.Recently,both correlational and causal non-invasive neuroimaging studies have started to reveal the critical neural computations underlying social learning and decision-making,and highlighted the unique roles of"social"brain structures such as temporal-parietal junction(TPJ)and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex(dmPFC).Here we review recent advances in social decision neuroscience and maintain the focus on how the inference about others is dynamically acquired during social learning,as well as how the prosocial(altruistic)behavior results from orchestrated interactions of different brain regions specified under the social utility framework.We conclude by emphasizing the importance of combining computational decision theory with the identification of neural mechanisms that represent,evaluate and integrate value related social information and generate decision variables guiding behavioral output in the complex social environment.

关键词： social cognition decision-making reinforcement learning value altruism

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Continuous-time Distributed Heavy-ball Algorithm for Distributed Convex Optimization over Undirected and Directed Graphs

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Machine Intelligence Research 2022年第1期19卷 75-88页

作者： Hao-Ran Yang Wei ni School of Science Nanchang UniversityNanchang 330031China

This paper proposes second-order distributed algorithms over multi-agent networks to solve the convex optimization problem by utilizing the gradient tracking strategy, with convergence acceleration being achieved. Both the undirected and unbalanced directed graphs are considered, extending existing algorithms that primarily focus on undirected or balanced directed graphs. Our algorithms also have the advantage of abandoning the diminishing step-size strategy so that slow convergence can be avoided. Furthermore, the exact convergence to the optimal solution can be realized even under the constant step size adopted in this paper. Finally, two numerical examples are presented to show the convergence performance of our algorithms.

关键词： Distributed convex optimization second-order distributed algorithm multi-agent systems gradient tracking directed graph

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A Characterization of T_(2g+1,2) among Alternating Knots

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2021年第12期37卷 1841-1846页

作者： Yi ni Department of Mathematics CaltechMC 253-371200 E California BlvdPasadenaCA 91125USA

Let K be a genus g alternating knot with Alexander polynomial Δ_(K)(T)=Σ_(i=-g)^(g)a_(i)T^(i).We show that if |a_(g)|=|a_(g-1)|,then K is the torus knot T_(2g+1,±2).This is a special case of the Fox Trapezoidal Con... 详细信息

关键词： Alternating knots Alexander polynomial strongly quasipositive fibered knots

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