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基于汉字职用理论的越南初级汉字专题教学设计——以汉-越双语版《汉语教程》第一册为例

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基于汉字职用理论的越南初级汉字专题教学设计——以汉-越双语版...

作者：阮小盛（nguyen THI thinh）西南大学

学位级别：硕士

汉字教学是对外汉语教学的一个重要部分。汉字是大多数外国学生学习汉语的一个难点,越南学生也不例外。李运富教授提出“汉字学三平面”理论,强调汉字包括形体、结构与职用三个属性。其中,汉字职用是最重要的属性,在汉字教学中注重对汉... 详细信息

汉字教学是对外汉语教学的一个重要部分。汉字是大多数外国学生学习汉语的一个难点,越南学生也不例外。李运富教授提出“汉字学三平面”理论,强调汉字包括形体、结构与职用三个属性。其中,汉字职用是最重要的属性,在汉字教学中注重对汉字使用职能的教学是很有必要的。汉-越双语版《汉语教程》是以北京语言大学出版的《汉语教程》的基础上编写出来的教材,因其在越南有着较为广泛的受众,所以是非常值得研究的教材样本。可以说,有关《汉语教程》的研究成果颇多,然而此教材的汉字教学研究几乎被忽略了,更不用说教材的汉字使用职能方面的教学研究,几乎没有相关的研究成果。本文旨在汉字职用的理论指导下对汉-越双语版《汉语教程》第一册的汉字教学进行分析设计,以此期望能够对实际的越南汉语教学工作有所帮助。全文结构如下:第一章为绪论部分,主要内容包括本论文的研究依据、研究意义、文献综述、研究对象与方法以及汉字职用理论概述。第二章是汉-越双语版《汉语教程》第一册汉字概况及汉字职能简析,是为专题教学设计需要的教学内容做前期准备。该章的第一部分简介了汉-越双语版《汉语教程》第一册;第二部分介绍了第一册的汉字教学部分编写原则;第三部分统计和分析该教材第一册的汉字字量;第四部分考察并分析了此教材第一册的汉字分级情况;最后分析了教材第一册所选的可记录单音节词的汉字的使用职能,包括四类:名词类、形容词类、动词类以及量词类。通过对汉字职能的分析,将教材中看似毫无联系的词通过字系联起来,让学生树立字词对应意识。第三章是基于汉字职用理论的汉-越双语版《汉语教程》第一册汉字专题教学的总体设计。本章分别从课型及课时安排、教学对象、教学内容、教学目标、教学重难点、教学原则和教学方法、教学辅助工具等方面对专题教学的基本内容进行了具体的分析,为下一步的具体教学过程的设计做好准备。同时,本章明确分为“名词类所选汉字教学”“形容词类所选汉字教学”“动词类所选汉字教学”以及“量词类所选汉字教学”四个专题来进行教学的设计。第四章本文对具体教学环节进行分析,同时对四个专题教学过程设计案例进行展示,主要采用直观展示法、翻译法、游戏法、任务教学法等教学方法给学生讲解汉-越双语版《汉语教程》第一册所选汉字的字词关系与词项关系。另外,每个专题的各个环节过程中都运用思维导图来展示,让学生更容易理解字词关系与词项关系。第五章是教学设计的反思和教学建议,通过第四章的专题课教学设计进行反思,发现本文教学设计优点在于此教学设计内容与模式在越南非常新颖、教学专题循序渐进、实用与趣味性并行;设计以学生为主,教师辅助加引导;教学设计以汉字职用理论为指导,综合运用多种教学方法,符合越南初级阶段的汉语学习者。不足之处在于汉字职用分析不够详尽、教学时间有限、教学设计的课时和内容安排无法满足所有越南汉语教学机构的课时要求。通过此次汉字专题教学的设计,本文获得以下几点建议:第一,越南本土教师需打好汉字本体知识的基础,尤其是对汉字理论的理解;第二,为提高越南本土汉语教师教学效率,应加强对所用教材汉字职能的分析与整理,这是教学基础;第三,在教学过程中教师应结合多种方法通过汉字职用教学让学生学会用汉字,激发学生的主动性,合理地安排教学的时间与教学的内容,不断地提升自己的专业素养。综上所述,本研究对汉-越双语版《汉语教程》第一册所选汉字教学实践具有借鉴意义,对外汉语教师以及越南汉语教师可参考本文研究成果进行汉字专题教学设计,从而指导课堂教学实践。

关键词：汉字职能《汉语教程》教学设计

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汉、越含人体器官成语对比与教学研究

汉、越含人体器官成语对比与教学研究

作者：阮胡兴盛（nguyen HO HUNG thinh）沈阳师范大学

学位级别：硕士

隐喻研究是一门古老与时尚并存的学科,之所以称其为古老是因为隐喻研究从2000多年前已被提出,只不过被限制于文学修辞领域的角落;而之所以说它时尚就是因为人类基于认知语言学的角度重新看待隐喻的本质的思维方式仅在最近40年来才不断... 详细信息

隐喻研究是一门古老与时尚并存的学科,之所以称其为古老是因为隐喻研究从2000多年前已被提出,只不过被限制于文学修辞领域的角落;而之所以说它时尚就是因为人类基于认知语言学的角度重新看待隐喻的本质的思维方式仅在最近40年来才不断出现并流行兴起。在1980年,美国语言学家赖考夫（Lakoff）和约翰逊（Johnson）认为我们的生活到处都有隐喻的痕迹,不仅存在于语言或文学中而且根源于人类思想和行动中的隐喻是我们在生活中赖以生存的一部分,从而从认知的角度下提出新的、世人犹未知的关于隐喻的观点。这种观点为隐喻研究开辟了新的一片天地。自古迄今中越两国地理上是山水相连、关系上如唇齿相邻。族群的自然迁徒和文化的交融碰撞,使两国之间的文化产生了许多的共同之处,也体现出互动共生的发展特征。中越文化的交流、碰撞与融合自然而然成为越南语成语的墙脚,对其诞生、发展以及结构形式产生了重大的影响。在汉语和越南语碰撞和交流的过程中,越南语通过语言方式筛选并提取了中华人民对世界的认知。除此之外,越南人民创造成语的过程中,在认知意识上产生了与汉民族的认知方式的摩擦,以概念隐喻“内脏是情绪的出处”为例,汉民族常用“心”来表示情绪,而越南人则用“b?ng”[（?）]、“（?）”[（?）)]（肚子）、“gan”[（?）]（肝）、“lòng”[（?）]（腹部的内脏）表示此含义。由此可见,两国语言中的隐喻成语表面上看起来是异口同声,可是如果专心致志地探索和研究,就能发现蛛丝马迹。本论文共有六章:绪论简述了本论文的选题缘由、研究意义和目标、前人的研究状况及成果、研究方法等;第一章主要阐述了汉、越成语的界定,然后统计两国语言含人体器官成语的来源处与字格形式;第二章是笔者在概念隐喻的角度下对《中华成语大词典》、《越南语成语词典》、《越南语成语与俗语词典》、《越南语成语俗语歌谣词典》及《学生成语词典》中含人体器官成语进行分析对比,并且通过常见隐喻概念将这些成语归纳起来;第三章的主要内容是笔者以中国国家汉办《汉语国际教育用音节汉字词汇等级划分》与《发展汉语》教程系列中的含人体器官成语为题材通过问卷调查结果的统计和分析得出越南汉语学习者学习汉语含人体器官成语的现状,然后从数据统计在第四章找出学习者存在的什么样问题,进行分析导致偏误的原因;第五章的使命就在第四章所呈现的问题的前提上提出对应的教学对策。

关键词：概念隐喻汉、越成语对比含人体器官成语教学研究

High-dose methylprednisolone pulse therapy for the treatment of patients with severe COVID-19: Results from a prospective observational study

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Journal of Intensive Medicine 2022年第3期2卷 197-198页

作者： thinh N.Bui Hoang-Anh Ngo Nhat M.Huynh nguyen-Huy Do-Tran Lac Duy Le Thu-Anh nguyen COVID-19 Intensive Care Unit 2 Thu Duc City HospitalThu Duc CityHo Chi Minh CityTam Phu 721400Vietnam Woolcock Institute of Medical Research 298 Kim MaBa DinhHanoi 118000Vietnam Usher Institute Old Medical SchoolUniversity of EdinburghEdinburgh EH89AGUnited Kingdom School of Medicine Vietnam National UniversityDong HoaHo Chi Minh CityDi AnBinh Duong 590000Vietnam Sydney School of Medicine The Faculty of Medicine and HealthThe University of SydneyCamperdownNSW 2050Australia

To the Editor:Recent randomized controlled trials,as well as high-quality systematic reviews and meta-analyses,strongly support the use of corticosteroids in patients with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)who require oxygen support.[1]The use of pulse cor-ticosteroid therapy has been reported in case series and studies,showing significant improvement in patients and a reduction in mortality rate.[2]In this letter,we report the mortality rate among patients with severe COVID-19 receiving pulse corticos-teroids with methylprednisolone(500 mg/day)for≥3 days and≥24 h before intubation(median duration of therapy:3 days)compared with standard of care.

关键词： patients mortality therapy

Beach Profiles Characteristics Along Giao Thuy and Hai Hau Coasts,Vietnam:A Field Study

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China Ocean Engineering 2012年第4期26卷 699-712页

作者： nguyen Viet Thanh 郑金海张弛 State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering Hohai University College of Harbor Coastal and Offshore Engineering Hohai University Faculty of Civil Engineering University of Transport and Communications

Giao Thuy and Hai Hau coasts are located in Nam Dinh province, Vietnam, with a total coastline of 54.42 km in length. The sea-dike system has been seriously damaged and there have been many dike breaches which caused floods and losses. This situation is considered of a general representative for coastal area in the northern part of Vietnam. A variety of studies have shown that the gradient in the longshore sediment transport rate and the offshore fine sediment lost are the main mechanisms causing the beach erosion. This study presents a field investigation of the beach profiles at Giao Thuy and Hai Hau beaches. Three types of empirical functions for the equilibrium beach profile are applied and compared with the observations. Results show that all observed beach profiles can be described by a single function. However, one specific equilibrium profile equation is not sufficient to assess all beach profiles. In Section 1 of Giao Thuy and Section 3 of Hai thinh beaches, beach profiles are consistent with the logarithmic function, while the exponential function fits well in Section 2. This difference is explained with respect to coastal morphology, sediment characteristics and hydrodynamic conditions which vary in site. An analysis of the validity of the beach profile functions is recommended for the numerical modeling and engineering designs in this area.

关键词： beach profile field study power function exponential function logarithmic function

Analytical Results of Cam Ranh-Tuy Phong Fault Characteristics and Its Relation to Mud Eruption in Nam Trung Bo Area, Viet Nam

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Journal of Geological Resource and Engineering 2016年第7期4卷 335-344页

作者： Truong Thanh Phi van Thom Bui Dang Manh nguyen Hanoi University of Natural Resources and Environment Hanoi Vietnam Institute of Geology Viet Nam Academy of Science and Technology Hanoi Vietnam

By analyzing the satellite images, topology map, geology map, geomorphology map, and field survey data, this study has determined the Cam Ranh-Tuy Phong fault in the South Central area, Viet Nam has NE-SW orientation and inclines to SE with high slope angle of 70-80°. During the Pliocene-Quaternary period, the Cam Ranh-Tuy Phong fault is left-lateral movement with the extension mechanisms, which formed the graben have an NE-SW orientation, deposited by Quaternary sediment. The fracture systems and fault are the channels for the mineral water and hot water to move up from the deep zone in the area of Cam thinh Dong, Ha Nhi, Vinh Hao, Nha Me, Tuy thinh..., and also to be the channels for the mud material, clay and underground water to move from below zone to the surface to form high mud mounds. The analytical results of clay mud have identified clay mineral composition to be main montmorilonit, illite, kaolinite, calcite, chlorite. The occurrence of montmorilonit minerals in this study area is characterized by the alkali-rich environment. The chemical composition of calcite is determined forming in the environment of with pH 〉 9, characterized by the add climates. Besides, other analytical results of clay mud also identified some minerals, such as： ankerite （Fe, Mg）CO3, calcite and some accessory minerals such as： fluorite, lepidocrokit with the participation hydrothermal process.

关键词： Fault zones mud eruption tectonic activities mineral water hot water.

Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation of Cry8db Gene in Vietnam Sweet Potato Cultivar

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Journal of Life Sciences 2015年第6期9卷 262-271页

作者： Pham Bich Ngoc Vu Thi Lan Tran Thu Trang nguyen Hoai Thuong Le Thu Ngoc Chu Hoang Ha Le Tran Binh Institute of Biotechnology Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology 18-Hoang Quoc Viet Cau Giay Ha Noi 10000 Vietnam College of Science Thai Nguyen University Tan Thinh Thai Nguyen 23000 Vietnam University of Science and Technology of Ha Noi 18-Hoang Quoc Viet Cau Giay Ha Noi 10000 Vietnam

Sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas （L.） Lam.] is an important food crop in the world as well as in Vietnam. It is well known as a recalcitrant crop for gene transformation and tissue culture because of its genotype dependent in vitro responses. In present study, Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of cry8Db from Bacillus thuringiensis into KB 1 sweet potato variety has been studied. The C58cv strain carrying a pBl 121 backbone which contained cry8Db delta-endotoxin gene regulated under 35 S CaMV prom oter, and the selection marker gene, neomycin phosphotransferase （npt11） gene, was subjected for plant transformation. Callus induced from shoot tips and leaf explants were inoculated and cocultured with A. tumefaciens. The selection occurred during callus producing and plant regenerating steps. A total of 201 transgenic putative plant lines were produced, and 21 transgenic lines were positively confirmed by PCR and finalized by Southern blot. Four putative transgenic lines confirming a single copy of the crySEIb gene were transferred into soil pots in greenhouse. Biological activity evaluation for the insecticidal capacity of these transgenic lines under controlled conditions showed that the level of infestation by sweet potato weevils （Cylasformicarius） in untransformed plants was higher than that of transgenic lines.

关键词： Sweet potato Agrobacterium tumefaciens plant transformation cry8Db sweet potato weevil resistance cylas formicarius.