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Is convenience really king? Comparative evaluation of catastrophic costs due to tuberculosis in the public and private healthcare sectors of Viet Nam: a longitudinal patient cost study

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贫困所致传染病(英文) 2024年第2期13卷 1-12页

作者： nguyen hoa Binh Quang Vo Luan nguyen Forse Rachel Jeanette Wiemers Anja Maria Christine Huynh Huy Ba Dong Thuy Thi Thu Phan Yen Thi hoang Creswell Jacob Dang Thi Minh Ha nguyen Lan Huu Shedrawy Jad L?nnroth Knut nguyen Tuan Dinh Van Dinh Luong Annerstedt Kristi Sidney Codlin Andrew James National Lung Hospital Ha Noi Viet Nam Friends for International TB Relief Ha Noi Viet Nam Department of Global Public Health WHO Collaboration Centre On Tuberculosis and Social Medicine Karolinska Institute Stockholm Sweden Stop TB Partnership Geneva Switzerland Pham Ngoc Thach Hospital Ho Chi Minh City Viet Nam

Background In Viet Nam, tuberculosis (TB) represents a devastating life-event with an exorbitant price tag, partly due to lost income from daily directly observed therapy in public sector care. Thus, persons with TB may seek care in the private sector for its flexibility, convenience, and privacy. Our study aimed to measure income changes, costs and catastrophic cost incurrence among TB-affected households in the public and private sector.Methods Between October 2020 and March 2022, we conducted 110 longitudinal patient cost interviews, among 50 patients privately treated for TB and 60 TB patients treated by the National TB Program (NTP) in Ha Noi, Hai Phong and Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam. Using a local adaptation of the WHO TB patient cost survey tool, participants were interviewed during the intensive phase, continuation phase and post-treatment. We compared income levels, direct and indirect treatment costs, catastrophic costs using Wilcoxon rank-sum and chi-squared tests and associated risk factors between the two cohorts using multivariate regression.Results The pre-treatment median monthly household income was significantly higher in the private sector versus NTP cohort (USD 868 vs USD 578;P=0.010). However, private sector treatment was also significantly costlier (USD 2075 vs USD 1313;P=0.005), driven by direct medical costs which were 4.6 times higher than costs reported by NTP participants (USD 754 vs USD 164;P<0.001). This resulted in no significant difference in catastrophic costs between the two cohorts (Private: 55% vs NTP: 52%;P=0.675). Factors associated with catastrophic cost included being a single-person household [adjusted odds ratio [(aOR=13.71; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.36–138.14;P=0.026], unemployment during treatment (aOR=10.86; 95%CI: 2.64–44.60;P<0.001) and experiencing TB-related stigma (aOR=37.90; 95%CI: 1.72–831.73;P=0.021).Conclusions Persons with TB in Viet Nam face similarly high risk of catastrophic costs whether treated in the public or private sector. Patient costs could be

关键词： Tuberculosis Patient cost Catastrophic cost Private sector Comparative analysis Viet Nam

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Different challenges,different approaches and related expenditures of communitybased tuberculosis activities by international non-governmental organizations in Myanmar

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2017年第1期6卷 506-513页

作者： Wai Wai Han Saw Saw Petros Isaakidis Mohammed Khogali Anthony Reid nguyen hoa Ko Ko Zaw Si Thu Aung Department of Medical Research Ministry of Health and SportsNo 5Ziwaka RoadDagon Township11191 YangonMyanmar Mddecins sans Frontieres Operational Research UnitLuxembourg cityLuxembourg Centre for Operational Research International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung DiseaseParisFrance National Tuberculosis Programme Ministry of Health and SportsNay Pyi TawMyanmar National Tuberculosis Programme HanoiVietnam

Background:International non-governmental organizations(INGOs)have been implementing community-based tuberculosis(TB)care(CBTBC)in Myanmar since 2011.Although the National TB Programme(NTP)ultimately plans to take over CBTBC,there have been no evaluations of the models of care or of the costs of providing CBTBC in Myanmar by INGOs.Methods:This was a descriptive study using routinely-collected programmatic and financial data from four INGOs during 2013 and 2014,adjusted for inflation.Data analysis was performed from the provider perspective.Costs for sputum examination were not included as it was provided free of charge by NTP.We calculated the average cost per year of each programme and cost per patient completing treatment.Results:Four INGOs assisted the NTP by providing CBTBC in areas where access to TB services was challenging.Each INGO faced different issues in their contexts and responded with a diversity of strategies.The total costs ranged from US$140754 to US$550221 during the study period.The cost per patient completing treatment ranged from US$215 to US$1076 for new cases and US$354 to US$1215 for retreatment cases,depending on the targeted area and the package of services offered.One INGO appeared less costly,more sustainable and patient oriented than others.Conclusions:This study revealed a wide variety of models of care and associated costs for implementing CBTBC in diverse and challenging populations and contexts in Myanmar.Consequently,we recommend a more comprehensive evaluation,including development of a cost model,to estimate the costs of scaling up CBTBC country-wide,and cost-effectiveness studies,to best inform the NTP as it prepares to takeover CBTBC activities from INGOs.While awaiting evidence from these studies,model of CBTBC that have higher sustainability potential and allocate more resources to patient-centered care should be given priority support.

关键词： Operational research Cost Sustainability Budget allocation

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An isogeometric approach to static and transient analysis of fluid-infiltrated porous metal foam piezoelectric nanoplates with flexoelectric effects and variable nonlocal parameters

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2024年第3期18卷 461-489页

作者： Quoc-hoa PHAM Van Ke Tran Phu-Cuong nguyen Faculty of Engineering and Technology Nguyen Tat Thanh UniversityHo Chi Minh City 700000Vietnam Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Le Quy Don Technical UniversityHanoi 100000Vietnam Advanced Structural Engineering Laboratory Department of Structural EngineeringFaculty of Civil EngineeringHo Chi Minh City Open UniversityHo Chi Minh City 700000Vietnam

In this work,a novel refined higher-order shear deformation plate theory is integrated with nonlocal elasticity theory for analyzing the free vibration,bending,and transient behaviors of fluid-infiltrated porous metal foam piezoelectric nanoplates resting on Pasternak elastic foundation with flexoelectric effects.Isogeometric analysis(IGA)and the Navier solution are applied to the problem.The innovation in the present study is that the influence of the in-plane variation of the nonlocal parameter on the free and forced vibration of the piezoelectric nanoplates is investigated for the first time.The nonlocal parameter and material characteristics are assumed to be material-dependent and vary gradually over the thickness of structures.Based on Hamilton’s principle,equations of motion are built,then the IGA approach combined with the Navier solution is used to analyze the static and dynamic response of the nanoplate.Lastly,we investigate the effects of the porosity coefficients,flexoelectric parameters,elastic stiffness,thickness,and variation of the nonlocal parameters on the mechanical behaviors of the rectangular and elliptical piezoelectric nanoplates.

关键词： isogeometric analysis fluid-infiltrated porous piezoelectric nanoplates static and transient analysis flexoelectric effect variable nonlocal parameters

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Exact solution for thermal vibration of multi-directional functionally graded porous plates submerged in fluid medium

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第5期35卷 77-99页

作者： Quoc-hoa Pham Van Ke Tran Phu-Cuong nguyen Faculty of Engineering and Technology Nguyen Tat Thanh UniversityHo Chi Minh CityViet Nam Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Le Quy Don Technical UniversityHanoiViet Nam Advanced Structural Engineering Laboratory Department of Structural EngineeringFaculty of Civil EngineeringHo Chi Minh City Open UniversityHo Chi Minh CityViet Nam

An analytical method for analyzing the thermal vibration of multi-directional functionally graded porous rectangular plates in fluid media with novel porosity patterns is developed in this study.Mechanical properties of MFG porous plates change according to the length,width,and thickness directions for various materials and the porosity distribution which can be widely applied in many fields of engineering and defence technology.Especially,new porous rules that depend on spatial coordinates and grading indexes are proposed in the present work.Applying Hamilton's principle and the refined higher-order shear deformation plate theory,the governing equation of motion of an MFG porous rectangular plate in a fluid medium(the fluid-plate system)is obtained.The fluid velocity potential is derived from the boundary conditions of the fluid-plate system and is used to compute the extra mass.The GalerkinVlasov solution is used to solve and give natural frequencies of MFG porous plates with various boundary conditions in a fluid medium.The validity and reliability of the suggested method are confirmed by comparing numerical results of the present work with those from available works in the literature.The effects of different parameters on the thermal vibration response of MFG porous rectangular plates are studied in detail.These findings demonstrate that the behavior of the structure within a liquid medium differs significantly from that within a vacuum medium.Thereby,they offer appropriate operational approaches for the structure when employed in various mediums.

关键词： Plate-fluid contact Galerkin Vlasov's method Multi-directional functionally graded plate Novel porosity Thermal vibration Refined higher-order shear deformation theory

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Visualizing the Spin & Radiation of the Extended Electron in Magnetic Field

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Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology 2024年第1期10卷 277-291页

作者： hoa Van nguyen Retired Engineer and Amateur Researcher of Physics Toronto Canada

This article presents illustrations of an extended model of the electron to visualize how it spins and radiates in the external magnetic field. A time-varying magnetic field B produces a rotational induced electric field E which rotates (spins) the electron about its axis. In time-constant magnetic field: the electron radiates the cyclotron radiation. In time-varying magnetic field: synchrotron radiation is generated. The couplings between spin, acceleration and radiation will be discussed.

关键词： Spinning Forces Spin by Inertia Radiating Forces Photon or Static Electric Dipole Cloud of Photons Spin - Radiation Coupling

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Progress towards universal HIV testing among TB patients in Viet Nam:a retrospective cohort evaluation of TB/HIV surveillance,2011-2017

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2019年第2期8卷 80-86页

作者： nguyen Binh hoa nguyen Viet Nhung Viet Nam National Lung Hospital National Tuberculosis Programme Viet Nam463 Hoang Hoa Tham streetBadinh DistrictHanoiViet Nam Centre for Operational Research International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung DiseaseParisFrance Hanoi Medical University HanoiViet Nam

Background:Tuberculosis(TB)and HIV remain a major causes of morbidity and mortality globally.We conducted an analysis of TB/HIV surveillance data to describe the trends in HIV testing coverage and HIV positivity rate among TB patients in Viet Nam,2011-2017.Main text:This was a descriptive study based on review and analysis of surveillance data from the National Tuberculosis Control Programme from 2011 to 2017.During this period,721342 TB cases were diagnosed.Of these,520490(72.2%)had a previously documented HIV status or were tested for HIV during TB care and treatment.The proportion of TB patients whose HIV status was reported increased,from 58.5%in 2011 to 82.9%in 2017(P value for trend=0.014).The proportion of TB patients infected with HIV decreased,from 8.0%in 2011 to 3.7%in 2017(P value for trend=0.018).Conclusions:The proportion of TB patients with a reported HIV status was increased from 2011 to 2017,however HIV testing coverage remained below the National Tuberculosis Control Programme targets(>90%).National Tuberculosis Control Programme needs to focus on ensuring eveny registered TB patients has a documented HIV status,ensuring full coverage of HIV testing as part of routine TB care.

关键词： Tuberculosis HIV Trend Viet Nam

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A time-domain estimation method of rapidly time-varying channels for OFDM-based LTE-R systems

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Digital Communications and Networks 2019年第2期5卷 94-101页

作者： Jin-Kyu Choi Van Due nguyen Hai Nam nguyen Van Vinh Duong Tien hoa nguyen Hanbyeog Cho Hyun-Kyun Choi Seong-Gyoon Park Smart Mobility Research Department of ETR1 DaejeonSouth Korea School of Electronics and Telecommunicalions HUSTViet Nam Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute DaejeonSouth Korea School of Information and Communication in KongJu National University South Korea

This paper addresses the performance of fast doubly selective fading channel estimation combined with InterCarrier Interference (ICI) cancellation for Long Term Evolution (LTE) communication platform in the High Speed Railway (HSR) environment. We consider the Channel Impulse Response (CIR) coefficients with a critical Doppler frequency shift and multi-path fading that were taken from the WINNER II channel model and the D2a propagation scenario, where the conditions of HSR are analyzed. As multi-path fading increases and the channel varies in the order of the symbol period, we first propose a novel approach for designing a pilot symbol structure in the time domain. Then, we describe the deployment of the proposed pilot symbol structure to estimate the channel in the time domain. Channel information corresponding to the data positions is obtained by linear interpolation. In each OFDM symbol, the slope and the initial value for establishing an interpolation function are estimated to adapt to the time variation of the channel. An accurate estimate of channel state information is used for the purpose of ICI cancellation. The simulation results show that the channel estimated by our proposed method can follow the real channel well, even in a very high Doppler frequency. The estimation method in terms of Mean Squared Error (MSE) significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art methods. The combination of our channel estimator with several interference cancelers provides a considerably better system performance than that achieved when frequency channel estimation is used.

关键词： ICI cancellation OFDM Channel estimation LTE-R

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LOOKING FOR SOME HUMAN STANDARDS OF URBAN LIFE'S QUALITY IN VIETNAM

社会保障问题研究

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社会保障问题研究 2006年 521-528页

作者： nguyen Minh hoa Professor in Sociology Director Center for Urban and Community Development University of Social Sciences and HumanitiesHochiminh CityVietnam

Introduction In newspapers,magazines,we read some concepts concerning urban style,for example:"peace city","ecological city","dynamic city","tourist city",and"city of suitable development". Each concept includes some ...

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The contribution of a non-governmental organisation’s Community Based Tuberculosis Care Programme to case finding in Myanmar:trend over time

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2017年第1期6卷 449-454页

作者： Htet Myet Win Maung Saw Saw Petros Isaakidis Mohammed Khogali Anthony Reid nguyen Binh hoa Ko Ko Zaw Saw Thein Si Thu Aung National Tuberculosis Programme Ministry of Health and SportsZabuthiri townshipPostcode 15011 Nay Pyi TawMyanmar Department of Medical Research Ministry of Health and SportsYangonMyanmar Medecins Sans Frontieres Operational Research UnitMSF-LuxembourgLuxembourgLuxembourg National Tuberculosis Programme HanoiVietnam Centre for Operational Research International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung DiseaseParisFrance

Background:It is estimated that the standard,passive case finding(PCF)strategy for detecting cases of tuberculosis(TB)in Myanmar has not been successful:26%of cases are missing.Therefore,alternative strategies,such as active case finding(ACF)by community volunteers,have been initiated since 2011.This study aimed to assess the contribution of a Community Based TB Care Programme(CBTC)by local non-government organizations(NGOs)to TB case finding in Myanmar over 4 years.Methods:This was a descriptive study using routine,monitoring data.Original data from the NGOs were sent to a central registry within the National TB Programme and data for this study were extracted from that database.Data from all 84 project townships in five regions and three states in Myanmar were used.The project was launched in 2011.Results:Over time,the number of presumptive TB cases that were referred decreased,except in the Yangon Region,although in some areas,the numbers fluctuated.At the same time,there was a trend for the proportion of cases treated,compared to those referred,that decreased over time(P=0.051).Overall,among 84 townships,the contribution of CBTC to total case detection deceased from 6%to 4%over time(P<0.001).Conclusions:Contrary to expectations and evidence from previous studies in other countries,a concerning reduction in TB case finding by local NGO volunteer networks in several areas in Myanmar was recorded over 4 years.This suggests that measures to support the volunteer network and improve its performance are needed.They may include discussion with local NGOs human resources personnel,incentives for the volunteers,closer supervision of volunteers and improved monitoring and evaluation tools.

关键词： Operational research Community based tuberculosis care Contribution SORT IT

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Unpredictable Placental Abruption: Case Series

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Case Reports in Clinical Medicine 2020年第6期9卷 165-175页

作者： nguyen Hong hoa nguyen Thi Mong Tuyen Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology Faculty of Medicine University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam Department of Obstetrics Tu Du Hospital Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam

Background: The diagnosis of placental abruption is primarily clinical, but findings from imaging, laboratory, and postpartum pathologic studies can be used to support the clinical diagnosis. In patients with classic symptoms, fetal heart rate abnormalities, intrauterine fetal demise, and/or disseminated intravascular coagulation strongly support the clinical diagnosis and indicate extensive placental separation. In a few cases, placental separation has not been recognized and was only identified upon cesarean section as an incidental finding. Objectives: To describe the clinical presentations and pregnancy outcomes of placental abruption cases that are not diagnosed before cesarean delivery, termed “unpredictable placental abruption” and also cases diagnosed before cesarean delivery, termed “predictable placental abruption”. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 100 cases of placental abruption was identified by cesarean delivery at Tu Du hospital from September 2018 to May 2019. Clinical variables were compared between the unpredictable and predictable groups. The unpredictable group consists of cases that are not diagnosed before cesarean delivery, while the predictable cases were identified placental separation before cesarean delivery. The maternal and fetal outcomes were also studied. Results: In 100 cases of placental, abruption by gross clinical examination of the placenta at the time operation revealed that, 33% were unpredictable. Placental abruption attributed to maternal complications included one case of total hysterectomy (1%) with no cases of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), shock or maternal death;specifically, this case of total hysterectomy appeared with predictable one. There were two cases of stillbirths. Among the 98 live neonates, 15 cases (14.7%) experienced severe birth asphyxia resulting in eight neonatal deaths;two of which were caused by heart disease and necrotizing enterocolitis. Sixty-three neonates were delivered prematurely (61.74%),

关键词： Placental Abruption Pregnancy Outcomes Concealed Placental Abruption Chronic Placental Abruption

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