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Association between Tropical Convection and Boreal Wintertime extratropical Circulation in 1982/83 and 1988/89

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2003年第4期20卷 593-603页

作者： ja-Yeon MOON Kyung-ja HA Climate Research Laboratory Meteorological Research InstituteSeoul156-720KoreaDepartment of Atmospheric SciencesPusan National UniversityPusan609-735Korea

Boreal wintertime extratropical circulation is studied in relation to the tropical convection during the 1982/83 el Niño and 1988/89 La Niña. The anomaly structure of 1982/83 and 1988/89 over the extratropics reveals remarkably different features as the longitudinal tropical forcing region changes. The Rossby wave source (Positive) shows the largest maximum over east Asia in both years due to the persistent heating from the western Pacific warm pool area. However, the sink term shows contrasting features over the subtropics and extratropics between the two years. In the el Niño year, enhanced tropical convection over the eastern Pacific produces the Rossby wave sink at 10°N and shifted eastward over the North Pacific, while in the La Niña year, the sink area is shifted westward over the North Pacific. The contrasting features between the two events in mean-eddy interaction appears especially over the downstream area of the east Asian Jet. The extension (retraction) of the meanflow eastward (westward) to the east (west) of the dateline is related with the effect of the westward (eastward) e-vector and the strengthening (weakening) of the negative anomalies of the barotropic growth of kinetic energy. Hence, almost opposite characteristics between the two events can explain the close relationship of tropical convection and the extratropical internal variability.

关键词： tropical convection extratropical circulation rossby wave source mean-eddy interaction

Genome-wide markers for seed yield and disease resistance in perennial ryegrass

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The Crop Journal 2022年第2期10卷 508-514页

作者： Kristina jaškune Vilma Kemešyte Andrius Aleliūnas Grazina Statkeviciute Institute of Agriculture Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry(LAMMC)Instituto av.1Akademija LT-58344Lithuania

The market success of perennial ryegrass(Lolium perenne L.) cultivars depends on sufficient seed production, as they are propagated by seed. However, breeding for high quality forage production reduces seed yield, and breaking the negative correlation would help to overcome the problem. The foliar disease crown rust is another factor affecting reproductive capacity and thereby seed yield. We evaluated seed yield-related traits and resistance to crown rust in a collection of commercial cultivars and ecotypes of perennial ryegrass and identified genome-wide markers associated with the traits. The study revealed high variation between the ecotype and cultivar groups as well as between years. A genome-wide association study identified 17 DNA single-nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) of which eight were associated with crown rust and nine with flag-leaf length. The SNP markers were located within or near predicted genes functioning in defense against pathogens. The identified genes are strong candidates for a further in-depth functional study to continue unravel determination of leaf architecture and crown rust resistance in perennial ryegrass.

关键词： Crown rust Puccinia coronata f.sp.lolli Flag-leaf length Genome-wide association study(GWAS) Seed yield Lolium perenne L.

Male masturbation device for the treatment of delayed ejaculation: A case report

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Asian pacific Journal of Reproduction 2017年第4期6卷 191-192页

作者： Rodríguez Je Picazo ja López e Research Department of Instituto Sexológico Murciano C/Periodista Encarna Sánchez22030007 MurciaSpain

Delayed ejaculation is a rare condition with different etiologies. Majority of cases of delayed ejaculation have a strong psychological/behavior component. A 48-year-old male with a diagnostic of delayed ejaculation acquired was encouraged to make an exercise protocol using a masturbation device for 8 wk, the percentage of intercourse successful a month after finish protocol exercise was 81%.

关键词： Delayed ejaculation Male Device Treatment ejaculation disorders

Beeswax-Lecithin SLMs of erythromycin ethyl Succinate for Treatment of Acute Bacteremia in Infected Mice

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Journal of Chemistry and Chemical engineering 2016年第6期10卷 293-300页

作者： Uduma eke Osonwa Onyinye Uwaezuoke ngozi Ilunoh Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Nnamdi Azikiwe UniversityAwka Anambra State Nigeria Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology Faculty of Pharmacy Ogun State University Ago-Iwoye OgunState Nigeria

The aim of this work was to increase the efficacy of erythromycin ethyl succinate by encapsulation in beeswax lipid matrix using Myrj 52 as emulsifier. Different batches of SLM＇s （solid-lipid microparticles） were formulated and stable ones were selected. The encapsulation efficiency and loading capacities were calculated. The batch with the highest loading capacity was used for further assays. The particle size was determined by light microscopy. The sensitivity of different clinical bacterial isolates to erythromycin was tested using in vitro cultures and e. coli was selected for efficacy tests. The activity of the formulated drug was tested in the in vitro culture and compared to that of the unformulated drug. White albino mice were infected with e. coli and left for one day to develop significant bacteremia. They were then divided into 4 groups （n = 4） and treated with the formulation and unformulated drug at a dose of 7.14 mg/kg 8 hourly for 56 hours. A third group was given SLM＇s that do not contain drug, while another group was left untreated. The selected batch has an encapsulation efficiency of 94.83% with a loading capacity of 3.88%. The particle size was 17 ± 4 μm. At the end of the three day period of treatment, the group treated with unformulated erythromycin had much stooling anti weakness in the mice, and some deaths were recorded, while that treated with the formulation had 33.8% bacteremia and the clinical signs had largely subsided. The other two groups recorded deaths the following day after bacteremia induction. The results show marked improvement in efficacy of erythromycin ethyl succinate by formulation in SLMs with beeswax and lecithin as lipid matrix.

关键词： erythromycin SLM beeswax-lecithin SLM e. coli improved activity.

An accelerated K-means clustering algorithm using selection and erasure rules

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science C(Computers and electronics) 2012年第10期13卷 761-768页

作者： Suiang-Shyan Lee ja-Chen LIN Department of Computer Science National Chiao Tung University

The K-means method is a well-known clustering algorithm with an extensive range of applications,such as biological classification,disease analysis,data mining,and image ***,the plain K-means method is not fast when the number of clusters or the number of data points becomes large.A modified K-means algorithm was presented by Fahim et al.(2006).The modified algorithm produced clusters whose mean square error was very similar to that of the plain K-means,but the execution time was *** this study,we try to further increase its *** are two rules in our method:a selection rule,used to acquire a good candidate as the initial center to be checked,and an erasure rule,used to delete one or many unqualified centers each time a specified condition is *** clustering results are identical to those of Fahim et al.(2006).However,our method further cuts computation time when the number of clusters *** mathematical reasoning used in our design is included.

关键词： K-means clustering Acceleration Vector quantization Selection erasure

CONJUGATe FLOWS OVeR A STeP IN A THRee-LAYeR FLUID

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2002年第4期14卷 15-23页

作者： Wei, Gang Le, ja-Chun Dai, Shi-Qiang Inst. of Appl. Math. and Mech. Shanghai Univ. Shanghai 200072 China Sch. of Sci. P.L.A Univ. of Sci. and Eng. Nanjing 211101 China

The conjugate flows over a step with the height h_0, which might be positive or negative, was studied in a three-layer fluid and the coupled nonlinear equations were derived, with which the effects of varying height h_0 on the existence and evolution of conjugate flows were examined. It is concluded that the conjugate flow is sharply sensitive to the thickness of fluid layers and its characteristics alters remarkably due to the existence of the step. As the flow climbs up a step (h_0>0), the conjugate flow with a convex lower interface and a concave upper interface is allowed to appear, while the flow with the concave lower interface or the simultaneous concave interfaces will be depressed. As the flow goes down a step (i.e., h_0e kind of conjugate flow could exist, which prossesses the form with the simultaneous convex interfaces and will disappear rapidly with the increase of the step depth.

关键词： conjugate flow flat solitary wave stratified flow step topography three-layer fluid

In vitro evaluation of native entomopathogenic fungi and neem(Azadiractha indica)extracts on Spodoptera frugiperda

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Phyton-International Journal of experimental Botany 2019年第1期88卷 47-54页

作者： Hernandez-Trejo A B estrada-Drouaillet ja Lopez-Santillan C Rios-Velasco Se Varela-Fuentes R Rodriguez-Herrera e Osorio-Hernandez Postgraduate Studies and Research Division Autonomous University of TamaulipasSchool of Engineering and Sciences.Centro Universitario Adolfo Lopez MateosCd.VictoriaTamaulipasC.P.87000Mexico Center for Research in Food and Development A.C.Cuauhtemoc Unit.Laboratory of Postharvest PhysiologyPlant Pathology and Biological Control.Av.Rio Conchos s/n Industrial ParkCd.CuauhtemocChihuahuaC.P.31570Mexico School of Chemistry Autonomous University of CoahuilaBlvd.V.Carranza y Jose Cardenas s/nSaltilloCoahuilaC.P.25000Mexico

The control of Spodoptera frugiperda is based on synthetic insecticides,so some alternatives are the use of entomopathogenic fungi(eF)and neem *** objective of the study was to evaluate in vitro effectiveness of native eF and neem extracts on *** *** eF were identified by DNA sequencing of ITS regions from three eF(Fusarium solani,Metarrhizium robertsii,Nigrospora spherica and Penicillium citrinum).They were evaluated in concentrations of 1×10⁸spores/*** addition,a second bioassay was carried out evaluating only ***,*** and *** and the addition of vegetable *** the other hand,extraction of secondary metabolites from neem seed(Azadirachta indica)was carried out by performing,mass(g)and solvent volume(mL ethanol and water)combinations,which were subjected to microwaves and ***,these extracts were evaluated in concentrations of 3%,4%and 5%.A survival analysis was performed for each of the *** respect to the results of the first bioassay,*** obtained a probability of survival of 0.476 on the seventh day,while in the second bioassay,*** obtained 0.488 survival *** suggests that the expected percentage of larvae that stay alive on the sixth day is 48.8%.However,in the evaluation of the neem extract the combination 1:12/70%to 4%caused 84% mortality of *** use of native He and neem extracts has potential for the control of ***.

关键词： Bioinsecticide Biological control Fall armyworm extracts Seed.

Nutritional, Microbiological and Sensory Characteristics of Malted Soy-Kunu Zaki: An Improved Traditional Beverage

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Advances in Microbiology 2013年第4期3卷 389-397页

作者： Aminat O. Adelekan Adediran e. Alamu ngozi U. Arisa Yetunde O. Adebayo Abidemi S. Dosa Department of Food Science and Technology Bells University of Technology Ota Nigeria

The nutritional, microbiological and sensory characteristics of improved kunu-zaki produced from malted cereals enriched with malted soymilk at different substitution levels (0% - 30%) were investigated. enrichment with soymilk and malting increased the protein, amino acid, ash and moisture content of the improved kunu-zaki. Malting resulted in a decrease in carbohydrate and fat content. The protein content of the malted samples ranged between 2.79% and 3.82% while that of unmalted was 2.36%. There was decrease in the concentration of phytic acid and trypsin inhibitor after malting but the concentration increased as soymilk was added. Microbiological analyses showed that microbial load of samples increased with the addition of soymilk. There was a significant difference (p 0.05) in the sensory attributes, acceptability decrease with increase in soymilk addition because of the beany flavor.

关键词： Nutritional Microbiological Malting Sensory Kunu-Zaki

Citric Acid Production Potential of <i>Aspergillus niger</i>Using <i>Chrysophyllum albidum</i>Peel

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2018年第4期9卷 190-203页

作者： Blessing Nteimam Dienye Ihuoma Ahaotu Obioma Kenechukwu Agwa ngozi Nma Odu Department of Microbiology University of Port Harcourt Port Harcourt Nigeria

The production of citric acid using Chrysophyllum albidum an indigenous under-utilized fruit waste peel and genetically characterized strains of Aspergillus niger was carried out. The Chrysophyllum albidum peel was dried, sieved to remove dirt, dry milled and the powder used as substrate for citric acid production. Thirteen fungal isolates were obtained from soil samples and decayed agricultural waste by spread plate technique and screened for citric acid producing capabilities on Czapek dox agar. Citric acid producing capability of the isolates revealed a wide yellow zone around the inoculated colonies. Two (F1 and F3) out of the thirteen isolates exhibited positive reactions and were identified based on their cultural, morphological and molecular characteristics. The fungal species were identified using PCR as Aspergillus niger DTO: 133-e8 and Aspergillus niger DTO: 131-H5. Their cultural/growth optimal conditions were determined through Solid State Fermentation of the substrate using two species of the test organism. The effects of fermentation period examined revealed, Aspergillus niger DTO: 133-e8 which produced the highest amount of citric acid 15.7 ± 0.08 g/l, lower reducing sugar and final pH of 2.1 and 121.5 ± 0.31 g/l respectively after 192 h of growth at 30°C. Aspergillus niger DTO: 131-H5 showed highest amount of citric acid 10.2 ± 0.22 g/l, lower reducing sugar and final pH of 2.4 and 128.5 ± 0.15 g/l respectively after 192 h of growth at 30°C. Maximum concentration of citric acid ranging between 16.3 ± 0.30 g/l and 12.6 ± 0.11 g/l with reducing sugar 125.4 ± 0.11 g/l and 127.2 ± 0.03 g/l was achieved at an initial pH of 5.5. Methanol was used to stimulate citric acid production (0% - 3% (v/v)) and was found to be effective at 2% (v/v) level with 21.2 ± 0.20 g/l of citric acid produced with residual sucrose concentration of 129.5 ± 0.44 g/l. The effect of trace element on citric acid production showed that Cu2+ and Fe2+ stimulated citric acid production

关键词： Aspergillus niger Citric Acid Chrysophyllum albidum Substrate Solid State Fermentation (SSF)