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Positive association between forest management, environmental change, and forest bird abundance

Forest Ecosystems 2019年第1期6卷 26-37页

作者： Ernst Detlef Schulze Dylan Craven Andrew M.Durso Jiri Reif Marcus Guderle Franz Kroiher Petra Hennig Anne Weiserbs Peter Schall christian Ammer Nico Eisenhauer Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry Biodiversity Macroecology and Biogeography Faculty of forest Science and Forest Ecology University G?ttingen Institute of Environmental Studies Faculty of ScienceCharles University Thünen-Institute for Forest Ecosystems Aves-Natagora Départment Etudes Silviculture and Forest Ecology of the temperate Zones University of G?ttingen German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) and Leipzig University Institute of Biology

Background: The global decrease in wildlife populations, especially birds, is mainly due to land use change and increasing intensity of land use(Parmesan and Yohe 2003). However, impacts of management tools to mitigate biodiversity loss at regional and global scales are less apparent in forest regions that have a constant forest area,and which did not suffer from habitat degradation, and where forests are sustainably managed, such as in Central Europe or the northeastern USA. A biodiversity assessment for Germany suggested, for example, that bird populations were constant(Bundesamt für Naturschutz 2015).Results: This study shows that changes in the environment and in forest management over the past 45 years have had a significant, positive effect on the abundance of non-migratory forest bird species in Central Europe. Economy(timber prices and GDP), forest management(timber harvest and mixed forest area), and environmental factors(atmospheric CO_2 concentration and nitrogen deposition) were investigated together with changes in abundances of migratory and non-migratory forest birds using partial least squares path modeling. Climate change, resulting in longer seasons and milder winters, and forest management, promoting tree diversity, were significantly positively related to the abundance of non-migratory forest birds and explained 92% of the variation in their abundance in Europe. Regionally-migrating forest birds had stable populations with large variation, while birds migrating across continents declined in recent decades, suggesting significant, contrasting changes in bird populations in Europe. In northeastern North America we also found evidence that non-migratory forests have experienced long-term increases in abundance, and this increase was related to management. The increase of populations of nonmigratory forest birds in Europe and North America is associated with an increase in structural diversity and disturbances at the landscape ***: Our

关键词： Climate change Birds Biodiversity Timber harvest Econo my Forest management

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Reading the Story of Jesus Christ as an Epic

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Cultural and Religious Studies 2015年第4期3卷 217-226页

作者： Wangari Mwai Edwin Gimode charles Kebaya Kenyatta University Nairobi Kenya

There is no doubt that Jesus Christ is the eternal embodiment of the christian faith. The story of salvation,especially the life of Jesus, forms the basis through which many christians encounter the eternal. Indeed, each facetof Christ is intricately intertwined with the others and that christian literature often focuses on redefining variousfigures in the image of Christ and on illustrating morality. Without disparaging in any way the story of Jesus Christ,this paper parallels the conceptualization of epic heroism and the narrative of Jesus Christ. In doing this, the articleprovides a critical exegesis of elements of epic heroism in the story of Christ. Ultimately, reading the story of JesusChrist through the prism of epic heroism helps us submit that it is a ＂tale of christian identity＂ comparable to theepic identity and able to eonvey eternal meaning to christian groups who recognize it as ＂their story of salvation＂.

关键词： epic, epic heroism, Jesus Christ, christian identity

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Screen-and-Treat Approach in Secondary Prevention of Cervical Cancer among HIV-Infected Women in Faith Alive Hospital, Jos Nigeria

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2023年第4期13卷 792-801页

作者： John Onyeji Mercy W. Isichei charles U. Anyaka Emmanuel Osayi Olabanjo O. Ogunsola Oluwatomiini Ademuyiwa Abeeblahi Olafare Oluseye Ajayi christian O. Isichei Solomon A. Sagay Perpetual C. Christopher Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Bingham University Teaching Hospital Jos Nigeria Faith Alive Foundation Hospital Jos Nigeria Department of Surgery Jos University Teaching Hospital Jos Nigeria Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Jos University Teaching Hospital Jos Nigeria APIN Public Health Initiatves Abuja Nigeria Department of Chemical Pathology Jos University Teaching Hospital Jos Nigeria

Background: Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer among women globally, the second most common cancer in Nigeria and the most common cause of cancer-related death in Africa. In 2020, World Health Organization in its updated guidelines recommended cervical cancer screening using HPV DNA, HPV mRNA tests and subsequent treatment as appropriate. However, in resource-poor settings, Visual Inspections with Acetic Acid (VIA), Lugol’s Iodine (VILI) and subsequent treatment of precancerous lesions with thermal ablation remain the practical approaches. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of precancerous cervical lesions and associated risk factors among Women Living with HIV (WLHIV). Methods: A retrospective study on sexually active WLHIV aged 16 - 55 years screened for cervical cancer using VIA and VILI within 16 months period in Faith Alive Hospital Jos. Data were analyzed using IBM-SPSS 26. Sociodemographic characteristics of the study participants and the screening results were presented in frequency tables, and logistic regression was performed to determine risk factors of pre-cancerous lesions. Results: 1113 women were screened for cervical cancer using VIA/VILI. 994 (89.3%) were negative, 101 (9.1%) were positive for precancerous lesions, and 18 (1.6%) were suspicious of cervical cancer. The mean age of clients with pre-cancerous lesions was 41.32 ± 9.89 years. A higher positivity yield (69.4%) was found in ages between 36 and ≥55 years while a less positivity yield (30.6%) was found in age’s ≤ 35 years. History of STI had 1.64 fold risk association with precancerous lesions. Conclusion: Our study demonstrated a high prevalence of precancerous cervical lesions among WLHIV;bimodal age distribution for cancer-suspicious lesions and risk associated with STI. Thus, a “screen-and-treat” approach to cervical cancer prevention by VIA and thermal ablation in resource-poor settings should be undertaken until widespread HPV testing to triage clients is feasible.

关键词： Faith Alive Women Living with HIV VIA Screen-and-Treat

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Evaluation of Subacute Toxicity of Hydroethanolic Extracts Combinations from Gnetum africanum (Welv.) and Gnetum buchholzianum (Engl.) (Genetaceae) Leaves: Two Botanical with Antiproliferative and Antioxidant Potential

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2022年第6期12卷 944-963页

作者： Bertin Sone Enone Jean-Pierre Ngene Angèle Foyet Fondjo charles christian ngoule Loé Gisèle Etame Loick Pradel Kojom Foko Christophe Manz Koule François Siewe Ronald Bidingha Goufani Josiane Etang Albert Mouelle Sone Laboratory of Microbiology Immunology-Hematology and Morphological Sciences Doctoral Training Unit of Health Sciences Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences Douala University Douala Cameroon Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences Douala University Douala Cameroon Department of Medical Health Sciences Golf of Guinea University Institute (IUG) Douala Cameroon Department of Animal Biology and Physiology Faculty of Science University of Douala Douala Cameroon Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition Faculty of Science University of Douala Douala Cameroon Department of Technology and Biomedical Sciences Golf of Guinea University Institut (IUG) Douala Cameroon Laboratory of Animal Physiology Department of Animal Biology Faculty of Science University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon

This study was conducted to assess the toxic effect of hydroethanolic extract combinations of Gnetum africanum Welv. leaves and Gnetum buchholzianum Engl. (Gnetaceae) in experimental rats to test the validity of the treatment of liver disorders related to oxidative stress. The Combinations (m/m) 50-50 for E2 and 75-25 for E3 of ethanol-water extracts from plant leaves at the respective doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg of body weight were used for 32-day toxicity. They were obtained after harvesting leaves, sorting, drying in the air cover for three weeks, and grinding. The resulting powder was doubly macerated with 70% ethanol for 48 hours and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated with the Heidolph-brand rotary rotavapor and each extract obtained was preserved. The administrations were carried out by gavage to wistar, male and non-pregnant female albino rats. In the end, the animals were sacrificed. The serum and organ homogenates were obtained for biochemical, tissue, and histopathological analyses respectively. The analyses revealed insignificant variations at the 5% probability threshold of the weight growth of experimental animals. These variations were found to be statistically significant at the same probability for biochemical and tissue parameters based on the dose of plant extracts and compared to control animals. Histopathological analysis of liver tissue showed leukodate infiltration that indicates extract-induced inflammation of the hepatocytes at the 400 mg/kg dose of body weight in females. However, this infiltration of the cells would have improved the regeneration of hepatocytes justified by the normal rate of transaminases. These results showed that combinations of hydroethanolic extracts of G. africanum and G. buchholzianumare non-toxicand may be potential candidates in the Cameroonian flora medicinal plant database shown in the monitoring of oxidative stress-related diseases.

关键词： Gnetum africanum Gnetum buchholzianum Subacute Toxicity Oxidative Stress Albino Rats

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Analysis of Adult Nephrectomies at the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital, Kumasi, Ghana

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Open Journal of Urology 2020年第4期10卷 93-100页

作者： Kwaku Otu-Boateng George Amoah Kwaku Addai Arhin Appiah Roland Azorliade christian Kofi Gyasi-Sarpong Patrick Opoku Manu Maison Samuel Kodzo Togbe John Boakye Addae charles Kwame Adofo Isaac Opoku Antwi Benjamin Twumasi-Frimpong Richard Kofi Ametih Department of Surgery Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital Kumasi Ghana Department of Surgery School of Medical Sciences and Dentistry KNUST Kumasi Ghana Department of Surgery School of Medical Sciences UCC Cape Coast Ghana Surgery Department Seventh Day Adventist Hospital Dominase Ghana

Objective: To evaluate open nephrectomies performed in adults over a five year period at the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital (KATH) and to compare our experience with findings in the literature. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective, cross-sectional, hospital based study of all adults undergoing nephrectomy from October 2012 to September 2017 at KATH. We obtained data on patient demographics, clinical presentation, laboratory and imaging results, laterality of the disease, and indication for nephrectomy, complications and histopathology of nephrectomy specimen. The data was analyzed using PASW Statistics for Windows, Version 19.0. Chicago: SPSS Inc. Results: Thirty three (33) adult nephrectomies were performed over the study period. There were 18 males (54.50%) and 15 females (45.50%) with an age range of 16 years to 80 years. The modal age range for renal malignancies was 31 - 40 years accounting for 36.40% of adult nephrectomies. Flank pain (75.80%), haematuria (54.60%) and flank mass (51.50%) were the predominant presenting complaints. Malignant renal tumours accounted for 22 (66.70%) of the nephrectomies followed by neglected Pelvi-Ureteric Junction Obstruction (PUJO)—7 (21.20%);two (6.10%) nephrectomies were due to trauma and one (3.00%) for emphysematous pyelonephritis. Conclusion: Renal cell carcinoma constitutes the main indication for adult nephrectomy at KATH followed by neglected PUJO. Most of the patients with renal tumours were young and also presented late.

关键词： Adult Nephrectomy Renal Cell Carcinoma Kidney Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital

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A Comparative Analysis of Lexical Prepositions in the Ibibio and Igbo Languages

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宏观语言学 2018年第2期6卷 36-45页

作者： christian Sopuruchi Aboh Comfort Nwuka Ezebuilo Joy charles Ibeneme University of Nigeria Nigeria

This paper aims at comparing the lexical prepositions of the Ibibio and Igbo *** objectives are to identify what constitute lexical prepositions in Ibibio and Igbo and highlight the similarities and differences between Ibibio and Igbo lexical *** Ibibio data used for analysis were elicited from two Ibibio native speakers whereas Igbo data were obtained through *** Ibibio and Igbo data were analysed *** findings of the research reveal that the lexical prepositions obtainable in Ibibio are ke‘to,in,for,at’,mme‘with’,ano‘from’,and ito/nto‘from’.In Igbo,some of the lexical prepositions include:na‘to,in,at,from’,maka‘for’,and gbasara‘about’.The similarity observed between Ibibio and Igbo lexical prepositions is that they both occur before a Noun Phrase(NP),that is,they take NP as their *** terms of their differences,the preposition‘to’is marked in Igbo but is unmarked in *** preposition‘with’is overtly marked in Ibibio with mme but it is implied in Igbo *** notable difference between Ibibio and Igbo lexical prepositions is that the English preposition‘from’inflects for number in Ibibio but such feature is absent in *** paper recommends that further comparative researches should be carried out on other types of preposition like the category incorporated prepositions,and other word classes between Ibibio and Igbo in particular and other African languages in general.

关键词： lexical prepositions Ibibio language Igbo language African languages

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Baseline Laboratory Profile of HIV Positive Patients on Antiretroviral Therapy in Jos North Central Nigeria: Implications for Pre-vention, Treatment, Care and Support

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World Journal of AIDS 2015年第4期5卷 328-334页

作者： christian Ogoegbunem Isichei Mercy Wakili Isichei Jean Emile Njab Johnson Ibidun Rotimi Tinuade Abimbola Oyebode charles Ujunwa Anyaka Kenneth Emeka Enwerem Ayuba Ishiaku Affi Lucius Chidiebere Imoh Alexander Ogielu Abu Solomon Abiola Asorose Noel Omuya Amadu Propser Ihenacho Okonkwo Ngozi Ijeoma Okoro Department of Chemical Pathology Faculty of Medical Sciences University of Jos Jos University Teaching Hospital Jos Nigeria Faith Alive Foundation Jos Nigeria Department of Surgery Faculty of Medical Sciences University of Jos Jos University Teaching Hospital Jos Nigeria Department of Chemical Pathology Bingham University Jos Campus Jos Nigeria Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Faculty of Medical Sciences University of Jos Jos Nigeria AIDS Prevention Initiative in Nigeria (APIN) Abuja Nigeria

Background: We characterized baseline laboratory data of patients to identify priority treatment areas, most affected populations, anticipated clinical complications and assessed the potential burden of retention in care in Jos, Plateau State—North Central Nigeria. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional design from January 2004 to December 2005 at Faith Alive Foundation (FAF). All participants were HIV-positive and underwent pre-antiretroviral therapy counseling based on the national antiretroviral therapy (ART) guidelines and baseline laboratory testing. Data were captured on Microsoft Excel, validated on Epi Info and analyzed on SPSS version 21 at P < .05 level of significance. Results: Total of 1499 (463 men and 1036 women) participants were evaluated in this study. The age and sex related distribution of participants showed that majority (80.3% for males and 92.5% for females) were 16 - 45 years old. Amylase and creatinine were significantly higher in males than females (P = .02). Anaemia was the most common baseline abnormality (63% for females and 58% for males), while baseline CD4 count was significantly lower in males than females (P < .02) and at one-third had elevated liver enzymes (AST and ALT). Conclusion: The baseline laboratory profile of most HIV positive patients in Jos and environs of North Central–Nigeria was characterized by anaemia, elevated creatinine, and abnormal liver transaminase levels (AST and ALT). This pre-ART laboratory result suggests that HIV-positive individuals have multiple clinical abnormalities which may require more extensive care than just treating the HIV disease.

关键词： Baseline Laboratory Profile HIV-Positive Patients PEPFAR HTC Nigeria

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The Role of Religiosity in HIV Prevention in Uganda: A Case-Control Study among Muslim and christian Youth in Wakiso District

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World Journal of AIDS 2012年第4期2卷 286-293页

作者： Magid Kagimu Sarah Kaye Walakira Yusuf David Guwatudde charles Rwabukwali Dick Ainomugisha Department of Sociology Makerere University Kampala Uganda Islamic Medical Association of Uganda Kampala Uganda Makerere University School of Public Health Kampala Uganda

Background: In Uganda's HIV prevention strategy religious institutions are encouraged to deliver HIV prevention messages to the general public and to integrate HIV prevention into faith-based activities such as worship, funerals and marriage ceremonies. However, there is limited data on the relationship between religiosity and HIV prevalence. Objectives: The main objective was to assess the association between religiosity, HIV-risk behaviors and HIV prevalence. Methods: A case-control study was done among Muslim and christian youth. Cases were defined as HIV positive youth and controls were HIV negative youth. Respondents were interviewed and then tested for HIV. A religiosity index was constructed to assess the association between religiosity, HIV-risk behaviors and HIV infections. Results: Higher levels of religiosity were significantly associated with abstaining from sex, avoiding drinking alcohol and avoiding narcotics. Higher levels of religiosity were also associated with lower HIV-infections. HIV infections were significantly associated with low religiosity, having one or both parents dead, and having multiple sexual partners. Conclusions: Religiosity appears to have an important role in HIV prevention among many Ugandans. These should be encouraged and made to feel proud of using religiosity in their HIV prevention efforts. Their numbers should also be increased. Religious leaders should be energized by the study findings and they should be supported to take the lead in the efforts of using religiosity for HIV prevention. All Ugandans should use the power of God within each of them for HIV prevention in line with their motto: 'For God and my country'. Religiosity for HIV prevention is readily available, accessible and affordable to the majority of Ugandans. This option should be supported by all stakeholders including government, non-governmental organizations, faith-based organizations and external support agencies, by mobilizing appropriate human, technica

关键词： Religiosity HIV Prevention Muslim christian Uganda Youth HIV-Risk Behaviors

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Characterization and Quantification of Phenolic Compounds of Hydroethanolic Extracts and Fractions of Leaves Gnetum africanum (Welv.) and Gnetum buchholzianum (Engl.) (Gnetaceae)

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2022年第7期12卷 1304-1318页

作者： Bertin Sone Enone Gisèle Marie-Marguerite Etame-Loe charles christian ngoule Jean-Pierre Ngene Juliette Koube Lahngong Methodius Shinyuy Simone Véronique Fannang Moïse Henri Julien Nko’o Jean Baptiste Hzounda Fokou Hans Denis Bamal Celestine Magne Valdi Steve Djova Wilfred Ndogmo Tekapi Sandrine Sikadeu Josiane Etang Albert Mouelle Sone Laboratory of Microbiology Immunology-Hematology and Morphological Sciences Doctoral Training Unit in Health Sciences Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Douala Douala Cameroon Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Douala Douala Cameroon Department of Microbiology University of Yaounde I Yaounde Cameroon Chemistry Laboratory Faculty of Sciences University of Douala Douala Cameroon Department of Biology and plant Organisms Faculty of Science Douala Cameroon

Research for bioactive molecules and not resistant to infectious agents remains topical for science. The total polyphenols (TPP) and total flavonoids (TFv) of the hydroethanolic extracts and fractions obtained were quantified according to the spectrophotometric method described in the literature using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and the colorless solutions of sodium nitrite 2.5% and aluminum chloride 10% respectively. The characterization of chemical compounds was made by coupling liquid chromatography (LC) and mass spectroscopy (MS). Thus, 15 chemical compounds were characterized, seven from Gnetum africanum (EBa) and eight from Gnetum buchholzianum (EBb). The majority of which were stilbens, such as Gnetupendin D, Dimethoxygnetulin, Methoxyparvifolol D, Isorhaponcitin from Eba and Gnetuhaidin P, Gnetupendin D, Gnetuhainin C, phenols (Alcohol Homovanillyl, Alcohol Erythro guaiacylglycerol-β-O-4'-coniferyl, and Alcohol Homovanillyl from EBb. The minority were flavonoids such as Dimethoxydihydropyraneriodictyol, Dimethoxyeriodictyol (EBa) and Dimethoxydihydropyraneriodictyol, Trimethoxyluteolin (EBb). The levels of total polyphenolics and total flavonoids content were respectively 14.520 ± 0.557 mg EAA/g Extract and 29.870 ± 2.485 mg EQ/g Extract for EBa. The levels of total polyphenolics and total flavonoids content for EBb were respectively 4.560 ± 0.010 mg EAA/g Extract and 2.233 ± 0.251 mg EQ/g Extract. The high levels of flavonoids content respectively 220.200 ± 35.500 and 335.300 ± 57.810 mg EQ/g Extract were shown in Dichlorometan fraction from EBa and EBb. These bioactive compounds identified and total phenolics compounds quantified can be exploited in pharmacological and pharmacokinetical activities to fight against multi-resistant infectious agents and as well as oxidative stress and antiinflammatory diseases.

关键词： Gnetum africanum Gnetum buchholzianum Phenolic Compounds Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy

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Impact of Praziquantel on Schistosomiasis Infection and the Status of Proteinuria and Hematuria among School Children Living in Schistosoma mansoni-Endemic Communities in Northwestern Tanzania

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2022年第3期12卷 448-465页

作者： Neema Kayange Benson R. Kidenya charles Muiruri Bahati Wajanga Karl Reis Rune Nathaniel Philemon Baraka Revocatus Evarist Msaki John Bartlett Humphrey D. Mazigo Department of Pediatrics Weill Bugando School of Medicine Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences Mwanza United Republic of Tanzania Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Weill Bugando School of Medicine Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences Mwanza United Republic of Tanzania Department of Population Health Sciences Duke University Durham USA Department of Internal Medicine Weill Bugando School of Medicine Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences Mwanza United Republic of Tanzania Centre for Global Health at Weill Cornell New York USA Department of Paediatrics and Child Health Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre Moshi Tanzania Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College Moshi Tanzania Department of Community Health Consultancy and Research Services Bugando Medical Centre Mwanza Tanzania Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Bugando Medical Centre Mwanza Tanzania Tanzania Duke Global Health Institute Duke University Durham USA Department of Medical Parasitology and Entomology Weill Bugando School of Medicine Catholic University of Health and Allied Sciences Mwanza United Republic of Tanzania

The aim of the study was to assess the effect of praziquantel (PZQ) treatment on hematuria, proteinuria and the status of eGFR following treatment in school children infected with S. mansoni. A cohort study among 6 - 13 years old children was conducted in the Lake Zone region of Tanzania to assess S. mansoni infection using a circulating cathodic antigen (CCA), Kato Kartz while urine dipstick to screen for urine protein levels and red blood cells. A blood sample was taken for every child to determine creatinine levels and later a status of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). The prevalence of S. mansoni infection was 64%, 46%, and 24% at baseline, 6 months, and 1 year respectively using CCA test. There was a 62.5% reduction in S. mansoni infection from baseline (p S. mansoni using CCA test, reductions in proteinuria, and hematuria in school children in Tanzania. There was complete remission in eGFR 2 from 3.9% to 0% at 6 months. This suggests that praziquantel is effective, but there is still a need for integrated strategies to minimize reinfections.

关键词： Impact Schistosoma mansoni School-Aged Children Tanzania

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