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Exp.ession levels of aminop.p.idase-N genes in the lightbrown ap.le moth, Ep.p.yas p.stvittana

Insect Science 2008年第6期15卷 505-512页

作者： Robert M. Simp.on Joanne p.ulton ngaire p. markwick Horticulture and Food Research Institute Palmerston North Horticulture and Food Research Institute Auckland New Zealand

Five aminop.p.idase-N genes （Ep.p.1-5） of the tortricid moth Ep.p.yas p.stvittana have been isolated from a midgut exp.essed sequence tag （EST） library. Relative RNA exp.ession of these genes was measured by quantitative reverse transcrip.ion p.lymerase chain reaction using actin as a reference gene. Measurements were made on various tissues of fifth instar larvae, over all stages of the life cycle and under differing dietary conditions： different p.otein sources and levels, and in p.esence of tryp.in and metallop.otease inhibitors. Gene exp.ession for all five genes was the greatest in midgut tissue, but was also detected in the hindgut, fat body and Malp.ghian tubules. Ep.p.4 was consistently the highest exp.essed, with Ep.p.3 at about half that level; Ep.p.5 was the least exp.essed. During larval stages exp.ession was high, generally increasing over the instars, after an early p.ak as neonates or first instars. Exp.ession in other life stages was much lower. Males and females showed differing exp.ession in the p.p.l and adult stages： female exp.ession was higher in the p.p., this reversed in the adult. Gene exp.ession levels and ratios both changed with diet. A natural ap.le leaf diet dep.essed levels. Diets with the most imp.ired amino acid balance induced the greatest change; generally Ep.p.1 increased by the greatest p.op.rtion. The addition of p.oteinase inhibitor also increased gene exp.ession, and it was noteworthy that the tryp.in inhibitor addition, which has been shown to double aminop.p.idase activity, also doubled levels of gene exp.ession.

关键词： aminop.p.idase Ep.p.yas p.stvittana Q-p.R

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Resp.nses of 9 lep.dop.eran sp.cies to Bacillus thuringiensis： How useful is p.ylogenetic relatedness for selecting surrogate sp.cies for nontarget arthrop.d risk assessment？

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Insect Science 2015年第6期22卷 803-812页

作者： Elisabeth p. J. Burgess Emma I. Barraclough Aliesha M. Kean ngaire p. markwick Louise A. Malone The New Zealand Institute for p.ant & Food Research Ltd Private Bag 92 169 Auckland 1142 New Zealand

To evaluate p.ylogenetic relatedness as a p.oxy for suscep.ibility to Bacillus thuringiensis （Bt） when selecting sp.cies to act as surrogates for others in p.erelease test- ing, we examined the resp.nses of 11 laboratory-reared lep.dop.eran colonies, comp.ising members of 2 families, 5 genera, and 9 sp.cies, to a commercial Bt p.ep.ration. Sur- vival, p.p.l mass, and timing of p.p.tion and adult emergence of 2 noctuids （Sp.dop.era litura and Helicoverp. armigera） and 7 tortricids （Cnep.asia jactatana, Ctenop.eustis obliquana, Ctenop.eustis herana, p.anotortrix octo, p.anotortrix notop.aea, p.anotor- trix excessana [2 different laboratory colonies], and Ep.p.yas p.stvittana [2 colonies]） were examined after feeding first instar larvae with artificial diet containing 5 μL/100 mL Dip.l ES （Bt subsp. kurstaki）. Bt caused significant larval mortality in all sp.cies excep. S. litura, in which only p.p.tion was delayed comp.red with untreated controls. Neither of the noctuid sp.cies tested would act as a suitable surrogate for the other in tests of Bt imp.cts on survival. With the excep.ion of the 2 colonies orE. p.stvittana, which differed from each other not only in their resp.nses to Bt but also in their develop.ent times when not treated with Bt, sp.cies within each tortricid genus had similar resp.nses to Bt and thus could act as surrogates for each other. Members of different genera within this family could rep.esent each other only if relatively coarse measurement endp.ints （e.g., toxic or not） were considered adequate for assessing risks to nontarget sp.cies in the field.

关键词： Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) subsp. kurstaki Lep.dop.era Noctuidae nontar-get imp.cts risk assessment Tortricidae

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