Sudden cardiac death (SCD) in children and adolescents is uncommon and yet it is devastating for both victim's family and the society. Recently, it was increasingly recognized that SCD in young patients with struct...
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Sudden cardiac death (SCD) in children and adolescents is uncommon and yet it is devastating for both victim's family and the society. Recently, it was increasingly recognized that SCD in young patients with structurally normal heart may be caused by inheritable primary electrical diseases due to the malfunction of cardiac ion channels, a disease entity known as the ion channelopathies. Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) is a specific form of ion channelopathy which can cause cardiac syncope or SCD in young patients by producing catecholamine-induced bi-directional ventricular tachycardia (BiVT), polymorphic VT and ventricular fibrillation (VF) during physical exertion or emotion. We reported here an index case of CPVT caused by cardiac ryanodine receptor gene (hRyR2) mutation which presented as cardiac syncope and sudden cardiac arrest in a Chinese adolescent female.
Background and Objective:Hong Kong,like many parts of Asia,faces a high burden of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)caused by high endemic rates of hepatitis B virus *** Kong clinicians have developed a high level of exper...
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Background and Objective:Hong Kong,like many parts of Asia,faces a high burden of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)caused by high endemic rates of hepatitis B virus *** Kong clinicians have developed a high level of expertise in HCC treatment across surgical,transarterial,ablative,radiotherapeutic and systemic *** publication summarizes the latest evidence-based recommendations on how these modalities should be ***:In two meetings held in 2020,a multidisciplinary panel of surgeons,oncologists and interventional radiologists performed a narrative review of evidence on the management of HCC,with an emphasis on treatment of HCC not amenable to surgical *** attention was paid to new evidence published since the previous version of these statements in *** Content and Findings:The expert panel has formulated 60 consensus statements to guide the staging and treatment of unresectable *** the previous version of these statements,considerable additions have been made to the recommendations on use of targeted therapies and immunotherapies because of the large volume of new ***:Our consensus statements offer guidance on how to select HCC patients for surgical or non-surgical treatment and for choosing among non-surgical modalities for patients who are not candidates for *** particular,there is a need for more evidence to aid physicians in the selection of second-line systemic therapies,as currently most data are limited to patients with disease progression on first-line sorafenib.
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