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Robust transcriptional indicators of immune cell death revealed by spatiotemporal transcriptome analyses

Molecular Plant 2022年第6期15卷 1059-1075页

作者： Jose Salguero-Linares Irene Serrano nerea ruiz-solani Marta Salas-Gómez Ujjal Jyoti Phukan Victor Manuel González MartíBernardo-Faura Marc Valls David Rengel Nuria S.Coll Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics(CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UBCampus UABBellaterra08193 BarcelonaSpain LIPM Universitéde ToulouseINRACNRS84195 Castanet-TolosanFrance INRAE GeT-PlaGeGenotoul31326 Castanet-TolosanFrance Department of Genetics Universitat de Barcelona08028 BarcelonaSpain Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas(CSIC) BarcelonaSpain Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Physiology.Albrechtvon Haller Institute for Plant Sciences niversity of GottingenJulia-Lermontowa-Weg3.37077 GottingenGrmany Institut de Phammacologie et de Biologie Structurale IPBS Universite deToulouse CNRSUPSBP 64182205 route de Nartxonne310077 Toulouse Cedex 04France

Recognition of a pathogen by the plant immune system often triggers a form of regulated cell death traditionally known as the hypersensitive response(HR).This type of cell death occurs precisely at the site of pathogen recognition,and it is restricted to a few cells.Extensive research has shed light on how plant immune receptors are mechanistically activated.However,two central key questions remain largely unresolved:how does cell death zonation take place,and what are the mechanisms that underpin this phenomenon?Consequently,bona fide transcriptional indicators of HR are lacking,which prevents deeper insight into its mechanisms before cell death becomes macroscopic and precludes early or live observation.In this study,to identify the transcriptional indicators of HR we used the paradigmatic Arabidopsis thaliana–Pseudomonas syringae pathosystem and performed a spatiotemporally resolved gene expression analysis that compared infected cells that will undergo HR upon pathogen recognition with bystander cells that will stay alive and activate immunity.Our data revealed unique and time-dependent differences in the repertoire of differentially expressed genes,expression profiles,and biological processes derived from tissue undergoing HR and that of its surroundings.Furthermore,we generated a pipeline based on concatenated pairwise comparisons between time,zone,and treatment that enabled us to define 13 robust transcriptional HR markers.Among these genes,the promoter of an uncharacterized AAA-ATPase was used to obtain a fluorescent reporter transgenic line that displays a strong spatiotemporally resolved signal specifically in cells that will later undergo pathogen-triggered cell death.This valuable set of genes can be used to define cells that are destined to die upon infection with HR-triggering bacteria,opening new avenues for specific and/or high-throughput techniques to study HR processes at a single-cell level.

关键词： Arabidopsis thaliana cell death indicator effector-triggered immunity hypersensitive response pattern-triggered immunity plant immunity Pseudomonas syringae

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Protective effects of cyclosporine and its analog NIM-811 in a murine model of hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury

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Liver Research 2024年第1期8卷 46-53页

作者： Joshua Hefler Rena Pawlick Braulio A.Marfil-Garza Aducio Thiesen nerea Cuesta-Gomez Sanaz Hatami Darren H.Freed Constantine Karvellas David L.Bigam A.M.James Shapiro Department of Surgery Faculty of Medicine&DentistryUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada Department of Medicine Faculty of Medicine&DentistryUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada CHRISTUS-LatAm Hub Excellence&Innovation Center MonterreyMexico Alberta Diabetes Institute University of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada Clinical Islet Transplant Program University of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada Department of Laboratory Medicine&Pathology Faculty of Medicine&DentistryUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada

Background and aim:The liver is susceptible to ischemia-reperfusion injury(IRI)during hepatic surgery,when the vessels are compressed to control bleeding,or liver transplantation,when there is an obligate period of ischemia.The hallmark of IRI comprises mitochondrial dysfunction,which generates reactive oxygen species,and cell death through necrosis or apoptosis.Cyclosporine(CsA),which is a well-known immunosuppressive agent that inhibits calcineurin,has the additional effect of inhibiting the mito-chondrial permeability transition pore(mPTP),thereby,preventing mitochondrial swelling and injury.NIM-811,which is the nonimmunosuppressive analog of CsA,has a similar effect on the mPTP.In this study,we tested the effect of both agents on mitigating warm hepatic IRI in a murine model.Materials and methods:Before ischemic insult,the mice were administered with intraperitoneal normal saline(control);CsA at 2.5,10,or 25 mg/kg;or NIM-811 at 10 mg/kg.Thereafter,the mice were subjected to partial warm hepatic ischemia by selective pedicle clamping for 60 min,followed by 6 h of recovery after reperfusion.Serum alanine transaminase(ALT)was measured,and the liver tissue was examined histologically for the presence of apoptosis and the levels of inflammatory cytokines.Results:Compared with the control mice,the mice treated with 10 and 25 mg/kg of CsA and NIM-811 had significantly lower ALT levels(P<0.001,0.007,and 0.031,respectively).Moreover,the liver tissue showed reduced histological injury scores after treatment with CsA at 2.5,10,and 25 mg/kg and NIM-811(P=0.041,<0.001,0.003,and 0.043,respectively)and significant decrease in apoptosis after treatment with CsA at all doses(P=0.012,0.007,and<0.001,respectively).Levels of the pro-inflammatory cyto-kines,particularly interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-2,IL-4,IL-10,and keratinocyte chemoattractant/human growth-regulated oncogene significantly decreased in the mice treated with the highest dose of CsA(25 mg/kg)than those in the control mice.Conclusions:Premedication with CsA or NIM-811 mitig

关键词： Cyclosporine(CsA) Cyclosporine analogue Liver surgery Ischemia-reperfusion injury(IRI) Animal model NIM-811

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Urban heat mitigation by green and blue infrastructure:Drivers,effectiveness,and future needs

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The Innovation 2024年第2期5卷 145-166页

作者： Prashant Kumar Sisay E.Debele Soheila Khalili Christos H.Halios Jeetendra Sahani Nasrin Aghamohammadi Maria de Fatima Andrade Maria Athanassiadou Kamaldeep Bhui nerea Calvillo Shi-Jie Cao Frederic Coulon Jill L.Edmondson David Fletcher Edmilson Dias de Freitas Hai Guo Matthew C.Hort Madhusudan Katti Thomas Rodding Kjeldsen Steffen Lehmann Giuliano Maselli Locosselli Shelagh K.Malham Lidia Morawska Rajan Parajuli Christopher D.F.Rogers Runming Yao Fang Wang Jannis Wenk Laurence Jones Global Centre for Clean Air Research(GCARE) School of SustainabilityCivil and Environmental EngineeringFaculty of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of SurreyGuildford GU27XHUK Institute for Sustainability University of SurreyGuildford GU27XHSurreyUK School of Built Environment University of ReadingWhiteknightsReading RG66BUUK School Design and the Built Environment Curtin University Sustainability Policy InstituteKent StBentley 6102Western Australia Harry Butler Institute Murdoch UniversityMurdoch 6150Western Australia Atmospheric Sciences Department Institute of AstronomyGeophysics and Atmospheric SciencesUniversity of Sao PauloSao Paulo 05508-090Brazil Met Office FitzRoy RoadExeter EX13PBUK Department of Psychiatry and Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences Wadham CollegeUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK Centre for Interdisciplinary Methodologies University of WarwickWarwickUK School of Architecture Southeast University2 SipailouNanjing 210096China Cranfield University School of WaterEnvironment and EnergyCranfield MK430ALUK Plants PhotosynthesisSoil ClusterSchool of BiosciencesUniversity of SheffieldSheffield S102TNUK UK Centre for Ecology&Hydrology Environment Centre WalesDeiniol RoadBangor LL572UWUK Air Quality Studies Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources Faculty Excellence Program for Leadership in Public ScienceNorth Carolina State UniversityChancellorRaleighNC 27695USA Departments of Architecture&Civil Engineering and Chemical EngineeringUniversity of BathBath BA27AYUK School of Architecture University of NevadaLas VegasNV 89154USA Department of Tropical Ecosystems Functioning Center of Nuclear Energy in AgricultureUniversity of São PauloPiracicaba 13416-000Sao PauloBrazil School of Ocean Sciences Bangor UniversityMenai BridgeAnglesey LL595 ABUK International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health Science and Engine

The combination of urbanization and global warming leads to urban overheating and compounds the frequency and intensity of extreme heat events due to climate change.Yet,the risk of urban overheating can be mitigated by urban green-blue-grey infrastructure(GBGI),such as parks,wetlands,and engineered greening,which have the potential to effectively reduce summer air temperatures.Despite many reviews,the evidence bases on quantified GBGI cooling benefits remains partial and the practical recommendations for implementation are unclear.This systematic literature review synthesizes the evidence base for heat mitigation and related co-benefits,identifies knowledge gaps,and proposes recommendations for their implementation to maximize their benefits.After screening 27,486 papers,202 were reviewed,based on 51 GBGI types categorized under 10 main divisions.Certain GBGI(green walls,parks,street trees)have been well researched for their urban cooling capabilities.However,several other GBGI have received negligible(zoological garden,golf course,estuary)or minimal(private garden,allotment)attention.The most efficient air cooling was observed in botanical gardens(5.0±3.5℃),wetlands(4.9±3.2℃),green walls(4.1±4.2℃),street trees(3.8±3.1℃),and vegetated balconies(3.8±2.7℃).Under changing climate conditions(2070–2100)with consideration of RCP8.5,there is a shift in climate subtypes,either within the same climate zone(e.g.,Dfa to Dfb and Cfb to Cfa)or across other climate zones(e.g.,Dfb[continental warm-summer humid]to BSk[dry,cold semi-arid]and Cwa[temperate]to Am[tropical]).These shifts may result in lower efficiency for the current GBGI in the future.Given the importance of multiple services,it is crucial to balance their functionality,cooling performance,and other related co-benefits when planning for the future GBGI.This global GBGI heat mitigation inventory can assist policymakers and urban planners in prioritizing effective interventions to reduce the risk of urban overheating,filling research gaps,and promoting community resi

关键词： estuary walls extreme

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Parental perception of child's weight,their attitudes towards child's dietary habits and the risk of obesity

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2022年第7期18卷 482-489页

作者： Lorena Garcia-Blancol Arantxa Berasaluce Andrea Romanos-Nanclares Miguel Angel Martinez-Gonzalez Laura Moreno-Galaraga nerea Martin-Calvo San Juan Primary Care Health Center.Servicio Navarro de Salud-Osasunbidea PamplonaSpain IdisNA.Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Navrra.Pamplona Spain Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health School of Medicine.University of NavarraC/Irunlarrea l.31080 Pamplona.Spain Biomedical Research Centre Network On Obesity and Nutrition(CIBERobn).Physiopathology of Obesity and NutritionInstituteof Health Carlos Ⅲ.Av.Monforte de Lemos.3-528029 MadridSpain Department of Nutrition.Harvard T.H.Chan School of Public Health Boston.MA 02115.USA Department of Pediatrices.Complejo Hospialario de Navarra B.Pamplona.Spain

Background The association between parental perception of child's weight and their attitudes towards his/her dietary habits has not been reported yet.This study aimed to assess the association between parental underestimation of child's weight and parental attitudes towards child's dietary habits.Methods We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of SENDO cohort participants recruited between January 2015 and June 2020.All information was collected through online questionnaires completed by parents.We calculated crude and multivariable-adjusted odds ratio(OR)and 95%confidence intervals(CI)for unhealthy attitudes towards child's dietary habits associated with parental underestimation of child's weight.Results Sixteen percent of children in the SENDO project had parents who underestimated their weight.Parents who under-estimated their child's weight status were more likely to have unhealthy attitudes toward his/her dietary habits[OR 3.35;95%CI(1.71-6.53)].Conclusions Parental underestimation of child's weight was associated with unhealthy attitudes towards child's dietary hab-its.Pediatricians and public health practitioners should pay attention to the parental perception of child's weight to identify parents who underestimate it as an at-risk group in which to inquire about lifestyle and dietary habits.

关键词： Childhood obesity Dietary atitudes Eating habits Overweight Weight perception

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Diagnostic performance of serum interleukin-6 in pediatric acute appendicitis:a systematic review

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2022年第2期18卷 91-99页

作者： Javier Arredondo Montero Carlos Bardaji Pascual Monica Bronte Anaut Natalia Lopez-Andres Giuseppa Antona nerea Martin-Calvo Pediatric Surgery Department Complejo Hospitalario de NavarraCalle Irunlarrea 331008 PamplonaNavarraSpain Pathology Department Complejo Hospitalario de NavarraPamplonaSpain Cardiovascular Translational Research Navarrabiomed(Miguel Servet Foundation)Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra(CHN)Universidad Publica de Navarra(UPNA)IdiSNAPamplonaSpain Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de Navarra(IdiSNA).University of Navarra.PamplonaSpain CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion(CIBERobn) Health Institute CarlosⅢMadridSpain

Background Despite the radiological and analytical advances of the last decades,there is still a significant rate of diagnostic error in pediatric acute appendicitis.In recent years,multiple biomarkers have emerged as potential diagnostic tools.This study aimed to examine the diagnostic performance of serum interleukin-6 in pediatric acute appendicitis.Methods We conducted a systematic review of the literature that involved an extensive search in the main databases of medical bibliography(Medline,PubMed,Web of Science and SciELO).Two independent reviewers selected the relevant articles based on the previously defined inclusion and exclusion criteria.Methodological quality of the selected article was rated using the QUADAS2 index.Data extraction was performed by two independent reviewers.Results The research in the medical bibliography databases resulted in 68 articles.We removed 26 duplicates.Among the remaining 42 articles,we excluded 33 following the inclusion and exclusion criteria.Of the final 9 studies included in this review,8 provided measured serum interleukin-6 values,and all of them reported significant differences between groups,but inconsistent results regarding sensitivity and specificity.Conclusions The diagnostic performance of interleukine-6 alone for the diagnosis of acute appendicitis in children is limited.The sensitivity and specificity of interleukine-6 for the diagnosis of non-complicated acute appendicitis in the pediatric population are moderate but increased in complicated appendicitis.There seems to be a direct relationship between serum level of interleukin-6 and the hours of evolution of abdominal pain in children with acute appendicitis.The increasingly widespread use of non-operative management of acute appendicitis warrants further exploration of the classificatory potential of this marker between complicated and uncomplicated appendicitis.We consider that this may be an avenue of research to explore in the future.

关键词： Acute appendicitis Children Interleukin-6 Pediatric Sensitivity Specificity Systematic review

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Atrial fibrillation in older adults with cancer

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2022年第1期19卷 1-8页

作者： Manish Kumar nerea Lopetegui-Lia Christina Al Malouf Mansour Almnajam Patrick P.Coll Agnes S.Kim Department of Medicine Pat and Jim Calhoun Cardiology CenterUniversity of Connecticut School of MedicineFarmingtonCT 06030USA Department of Hematology and Oncology Cleveland ClinicOhio 44195USA De-partment of Cardiology Mount Sinai Hospital/Icahn School of MedicineNew York 10029USA Department of Fam-ily Medicine UConn Center of AgingUniversity of ConnecticutSchool of MedicineFarmingtonCT 06030USA

Cancer and atrial fibrillation(AF)are common co-morbid conditions in older adults.Both cancer and cancer treatment increase the risk of developing new AF which increases morbidity and mortality.Heart rate and rhythm control along with anticoagulation therapy remain the mainstay of treatment of AF in older adults with both cancer and AF.Adjustments to the treatment may be necessary because of drug interactions with concurrent chemotherapy.Cancer and old age increase the risk of both,thromboembolism and bleeding.The risk of these complications is further enhanced by concomitant cancer therapy,frailty,poor nutrition status and,coexisting geriatric syndromes.Therefore,careful attention needs to be given to the risks and benefits of using anticoagulant medications.This review focuses on the management of AF in older patients with cancer,including at the end-of-life care.

关键词： fibrillation Cancer chemotherapy

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Discriminatory capacity of serum interleukin-6 between complicated and uncomplicated acute appendicitis in children:a prospective validation study

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2022年第12期18卷 810-817页

作者： Javier Arredondo Montero Giuseppa Antona Adriana Rivero Marcotegui Carlos BardajíPascual Mónica Bronte Anaut Raquel Ros Briones Amaya Fernández-Celis Natalia López-Andrés nerea Martín-Calvo Pediatric Surgery Department Hospital Universitario de NavarraIrunlarrea 331008PamplonaSpain Clinical Analysis Department Hospital Universitario de NavarraPamplonaSpain Pathology Department Hospital Universitario de NavarraPamplonaSpain Cardiovascular Translational Research NavarraBiomed(Miguel Servet Foundation)Hospital Universitario de NavarraUniversidad Pública de Navarra(UPNA)IdiSNAPamplonaSpain School of Medicine Department of Preventive Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of NavarraPamplonaSpain CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición(CIBERobn) Health Institute Carlos IIIMadridSpain Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra IdiSNAPamplonaNavarraSpain

Background Serum interleukin-6(IL-6)has a moderate diagnostic performance in pediatric acute appendicitis(PAA).The evidence regarding its capacity to discern between complicated and uncomplicated PAA is scarce.Methods We designed a prospective observational study to validate serum IL-6 as a marker for diagnostic classification between complicated and uncomplicated PAA.This study included 205 patients divided into three groups:(1)patients who underwent major outpatient surgery(n=57);(2)patients with non-surgical abdominal pain(NSAP)in whom the diagnosis of PAA was excluded(n=53),and(3)patients with a confirmed diagnosis of PAA(n=95).The PAA patients were further classified as uncomplicated or complicated PAA.IL-6 concentration was determined in all patients at diagnosis.Comparative statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney U test,the Fisher exact test and the Kruskall Wallis test.The area under the receiver operating characteristic curves(AUC)were calculated.Results Median(interquartile range,IQR)serum IL-6 values were 2 pg/mL(2.0–3.4)in group 1,3.9 pg/mL(2.4–11.9)in group 2,and 23.9 pg/mL(11.1–61.0)in group 3(P<0.001).Among the participants in group 3,those with uncomplicated PAA had median(IQR)serum IL-6 values of 17.2 pg/mL(8.5–36.8),and those with complicated PAA had 60.25 pg/mL(27.1–169)serum IL-6(P<0.001).At the cut-off point of 19.55 pg/mL,the AUC for the discrimination between patients in group 2 vs.3 was 0.83[95%confidence interval(CI)0.76–0.90],with a sensitivity of 61.3%and a specificity of 86.8.The AUC for the discrimination between patients with uncomplicated and complicated PAA was 0.77(95%CI 0.68–0.86)and the cut-off point was 25.90 pg/mL,with a sensitivity and specificity of 84.6%and 65.6%,respectively.Conclusions Serum IL-6 has a good performance in discerning between complicated and uncomplicated PAA.A score including clinical and radiological variables may increase the diagnostic performance of this molecule.

关键词： Acute Appendicitis Complicated Diagnostic Interleukin-6 Pediatric Uncomplicated

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Control of APN/CD13 and NEP/CD10 on sperm motility

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2010年第6期12卷 899-902页

作者： nerea Subiran Francisco M. Pinto Ekaitz Agirregoitia Luz Candenas Jon Irazusta Department of Physiology Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry University of the Basque Country Leioa Bizkaia 48940 Spain Chemical Research Institute - CSiC University of Seville Seville 41092 Spain

Aminopeptidase N （APN/CD13） and neutral endopeptidase （NEP/CD10） are enzymes present in human sperm cells and involved in regulation of sperm motility of noncapacitated spermatozoa. We investigated the involvement of APN/CD 13 and NEP/CD 10 in motility and in kinematic parameters of human capacitated spermatozoa. Sperm cells isolated by a discontinuous Percoll gradient （40%-80%） followed up by swim-up techniques were incubated with the APN/CD 13 -specific inhibitor, leuhistin （100 μmol L^-1）, and the NEP/CD 10-specific inhibitor, thiorphan （1 μmol L^-1）. The complete inhibition of both APN/CD 13 and NEP/CD 10 improved sperm motility. Spermatozoa incubated with the APN/CD13-specific inhibitor lenhistin showed asymmetrical trajectories, whereas sperm trajectories were more regular after treatment with the NEP/CD 10-specific inhibitor thiorphan. In conclusion, APN/CD 13 and NEP/CD 10 modulate the motility of capacitated spermatozoa, although each of the enzymes seems to participate in the control of different aspects of sperm motility. Therefore, both inhibitors may be useful for sperm activation at different functional stages of spermatozoa.

关键词： APN/CD13 human hypcractivation kinematic motility NEP/CD10 sperm

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Human sperm testicular angiotensin-converting enzyme helps determine human embryo quality

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2018年第5期20卷 498-504页

作者： Marta Gianzo Itziar Urizar-Arenaza Iraia Munoa-Hoyos Zaloa Larreategui Nicolas Garrido Luis Casis Jon Irazusta nerea Subiran Department of Physiology Faculty of Medicine and Nursery University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) Leioa Biscay 48940 Spain In Vitro Fertilization Laboratory IVI Bilbao Landabarri Promenade 1 Leioa Biscay 48940 Spain IVI Foundation IVI Valencia Local Police Square 3 Valencia 46015 Spain

Angiotensin-converting enzyme functions in the male reproductive system, but the extent of its function in reproduction is not fully understood. The primary objective of this work was to investigate the relationship between the testicular isoform of angiotensin-converting enzyme present in human spermatozoa and semen parameters, human embryo quality, and assisted reproduction success. A total of 81 semen samples and 635 embryos from couples undergoing oocyte donation cycles at the IVI Bilbao Clinic were analyzed. Semen parameters, embryos quality, and blastocyst development were examined according to the World Health Organization standards and the Spanish Association of Reproduction Biology Studies criteria. The percentage of testicular angiotensin-converting enzyme-positive spermatozoa and the number of molecules per spermatozoon were analyzed by flow cytometry. Both parameters were inversely correlated with human sperm motility. Higher percentages of testicular angiotensin-converting enzyme-positive spermatozoa together with fewer enzyme molecules per spermatozoon were positively correlated with better embryo quality and development. Our results suggest that embryos with a higher implantation potential come from semen samples with higher percentages of testicular angiotensin-converting enzyme-positive cells and fewer enzyme molecules per spermatozoon. Based on these findings, we propose that testicular angiotensin-converting enzyme could be used to aid embryologists in selecting better semen samples for obtaining high-quality blastocysts during in vitro fertilization procedures.

关键词： angiotensin-converting enzyme ART embryonic development human sperm male fertility

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Pathways towards the integration of periurban agrarian ecosystems into the spatial planning system

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Ecological Processes 2014年第1期3卷 67-82页

作者： Marian Simon Rojo Ana Zazo Moratalla nerea Moran Alonso Veronica Hernandez Jimenez GIAUS(Architecture Urbanism and Sustainability Research Group)School of ArchitectureTechnical University of MadridAvda.Juan de Herrera s/n.28040 MadridSpain ECOPAI(Ecology and Landscape Research Group) School of ForestryPolytechnical University of MadridAvda.Ramiro de Maeztu s/n.28040 MadridSpain

Introduction:The potential of periurban agrarian ecosystems is recognized as one of the cornerstones for improving urban sustainability;however,this potential has been disregarded in spatial planning and decision making.The main goal of the PAEc-SP project was to assess the feasibility of integrating periurban agricultural areas into spatial planning by developing a viable ecosystem services-based methodology.Methods:The research unfolded along three axes:i)mapping ecosystem services in periurban areas,distinguishing between the current state and the future potential by applying a set of indicators;ii)analyzing the regulatory framework,identifying gaps in the consideration of agrarian ecosystem services;and iii)analyzing the perceptions of these areas held by local actors.Provisioning services(food)are widely recognized by actors and plans,but this leads to weak protection.Results:Cultural services(identity,recreation)are also recognized by all actors and addressed by local urban planning,though this is not connected to farming practices.Regulating services(CO_(2) storage,water quality)are barely addressed by spatial planning and actors do not value them either.Supporting services(biodiversity)are mostly associated with natural areas.Most technicians are reluctant to changes,while new farmers and civil society demand a new holistic approach.Conclusion:The reluctant attitude to change of some actors and the inadequate understanding of ecosystem services,render it imperative to adopt a comprehensive approach through a participatory process of urban planning.Mapping ecosystem services,calculations,and graphs are a valuable communication tool both in discussing the consequences of the loss of agrarian ecosystems with different actors and in planning future scenarios.

关键词： Ecosystem service indicators Institutional inertia Land use planning Participatory mapping Periurban farming Rural-urban fringe

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