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Biosphere 2’s Lessons about Living on Earth and in Space

Space(Science & Technology) 2021年第1期2021卷 274-284页

作者： Mark nelson Institute of Ecotechnics(US/UK) USA

Biosphere 2,the largest and most biodiverse closed ecological system facility yet created,has contributed vital lessons for living with our planetary biosphere and for long-term habitation in *** the space life support perspective,Biosphere 2 contrasted with previous BLSS work by including areas based on Earth wilderness biomes in addition to its provision for human life support and by using a soil-based intensive agricultural system producing a complete human *** previous BLSS system had included domestic farm *** human and domestic animal wastes were also recycled and returned to the crop *** 2 was important as a first step towards learning how to miniaturize natural ecosystems and develop technological support systems compatible with *** 2’s mostly successful operation for three years(1991-1994)changed thinking among space life support scientists and the public at large about the need for minibiospheres for long-term habitation in *** an Earth systems laboratory,Biosphere 2 was one of the first attempts to make ecology an experimental science at a scale relevant to planetary issues such as climate change,regenerative agriculture,nutrient and water recycling,loss of biodiversity,and understanding of the roles wilderness biomes play in the Earth’s *** 2 aroused controversy because of narrow definitions and expectations of how science is to be *** cooperation between engineers and ecologists and the requirement to design a technosphere that supported the life inside without harming it have enormous relevance to what is required in our global *** of bioregenerative life support systems for near-term space applications such as initial Moon and/or Mars bases,will be severely limited by high costs of transport to space and so will rely on lighter weight,hydroponic systems of growing plants which will focus first on water and air regeneration and gradually increase its production of fo

关键词： Earth Biosphere bases

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Application and Perception of Potassium Iodide Following Silver Diamine Fluoride Treatment

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Materials Sciences and Applications 2022年第9期13卷 506-518页

作者： Christian Ramlal nelson Triana College of Dental Medicine at Nova Southeastern University Fort Lauderdale USA

Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF) is colorless and alkaline with a pH of 10. It has been used in Japan and other international countries for decades. The Food and Drug Administration gave approval for it as a means of treating hypersensitivity for individuals with chronic teeth pain. SDF is also used as a method to treat and arrest dental caries. SDF application is limited due to its negative esthetic effects, which is a black stain where the cavity was present on the tooth. Topical application of potassium iodide applied immediately after SDF has been shown in studies to reduce the color change caused by SDF. This study used topical application of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) and potassium iodide (KI) treatments on bovine teeth to determine if SDF and KI were efficacious in the treatment for carious lesions. The color change was detected by use of spectrophotometric analysis to determine L, a and b readings that demarcate light and color values following staining. The conclusion was made that the application of SDF followed directly by KI treatment produced L, a and b spectrophotometric values that indicated a significant reduction in teeth staining than the application of SDF alone. Therefore, this study supports the idea that SDF and KI can be used to treat carious lesions on bovine teeth while retaining surface enamel coloration.

关键词： Carious Lesion Treatment Silver Diamine Fluoride Potassium Iodide Spectrophotometry Teeth Staining

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Evolutionary implications of deception in mimicry and masquerade

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Current Zoology 2014年第1期60卷 6-15页

作者： Ximena J. nelson School of Biological Sciences University of Canterbury Private Bag 4800 Christchurch New Zealand

Aggressive mimicry occurs when an organism resembles some aspect of another organism (the model) in order to obtain prey through its deceptive resemblance. This may function either through the overt response of the receiver or through the lack of response of the receiver. Reviewing selected examples, I discuss some of the difficulties in ascribing a model for the mimic. I also discuss how a single animal can have multiple ploys in its armoury of deceptive signals, thus belonging within two or more categories of deceptive signalling. In addition to aggressive mimicry, these may include crypsis or camouflage, masquerade (mimicry of inanimate objects), and Batesian or protective mimicry. Each of these examples of deception has multiple evolutionary pathways, and some deceptive signals may be more costly to receivers than others, but no single organism is subject to a single selection pressure, leading to the reality that many evolutionary pathways contribute to the diversity we see around us. New technologies are opening new channels of investigation into deceptive signaling in many different sensory modalities, and this is reflected in the recent increase in studies investigating the structure and function of deceptive signals. In turn, these studies are beginning to expose the fascinating complexity of deceptive signaling systems, allowing us to discover the myriad, non-mutually exclusive, solutions that can be selected for to obtain prey.

关键词：进化途径欺骗性模仿伪装信号系统生物体选择压力接收器

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Geographic information technology usage in developing countries – A case study in Mozambique

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Geo-Spatial Information Science 2018年第4期21卷 331-345页

作者： nelson Amade Marco Painho Tiago Oliveira Universidade Catolica de Mocambique BeiraMozambique Nova Information Management School Universidade Nova de LisboaLisboaPortugal

Geographic information technologies(GIT)have matured,have become pervasive throughout many types of organizations over recent decades and gained a wide range of attention in diverse sectors of *** goal of this paper is to identify the main drivers and uses of GIT in organizations and to give an overview of GIT uses in developing countries with a focus on a case study developed for Mozambique by analyzing the results of a survey of 123 Mozambican organizations that are current GIT *** results show that the main drivers behind are compatibility,complexity,competitive pressure,donor pressure,government policy,intention to adopt,innovation,relative advantage,security,and technology *** of the public and private sectors use GIT for customer/resource/risk management,decision support,education,research,monitoring,prediction,simulation,suitability analysis,sustainability,use and access.

关键词： Geographic information technologies organizations remote sensing GPS geographic information systems Mozambique

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Investigating changes in incidence and severity of pediatric appendicitis during the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada:an interrupted time series analysis

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2023年第3期19卷 288-292页

作者： Francesca del Giorgio Merieme Habti Joanna Merckx Jay SKaufman Jocelyn Gravel nelson Piche Esli Osmanlliu Olivier Drouin Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics McGill UniversityMontrealCanada Present Address:Department of Medicine Universitéde MontréalMontrealCanada Department of Pediatric Emergency Medicine Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-JustineMontrealCanada Department of Pediatric Surgery Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-JustineMontrealCanada Division of Pediatric Emergency Surgery Montreal Children's HospitalMontrealCanada Department of Social and Preventative Medicine Universitéde MontréalMontrealCanada Department of Pediatrics Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-JustineMontrealCanada

At the onset of the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic,pediatric emergency department(ED)visits decreased worldwide by an estimated 30%-89%[1].In Canada,there was a 58%reduction in pediatric ED visits in March and April 2020 relative to the same months in previous years[2].These reductions have been attributed to a decrease in non-severe acute respiratory syndrome corona-virus 2(SARS-CoV-2)infections in children resulting from confinement and public health measures,as well as a shift toward virtual care[3,4].

关键词： Canada pediatric severity

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Perspectives on the clinical management ocalized prostate cancer

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2014年第4期16卷 511-514页

作者： Joel B nelson Department of Urology University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA.

Defined broadly, prostate cancer has two states： An indolent histologicalmanifestation of a locally proliferative and invasive process or a clinically relevant, potentially lethal disease. Likewise, the management of clinically localized prostate cancer must address two questions： what sort of disease is this and what needs to be done.

关键词： RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY NATURAL-HISTORY LESS

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Effect of packing density and packing geometry on light extraction of Ⅲ-nitride light-emitting diodes with microsphere arrays

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Photonics Research 2015年第4期3卷 184-191页

作者： Peifen Zhu nelson Tansu Center for Photonics and Nanoelectronics Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Lehigh University Department of Physics and Engineering Physics The University of Tulsa

The finite-difference time-domain method was employed to calculate light extraction efficiency of thin-film flip-chip In Ga N/Ga N quantum well light-emitting diodes（LEDs） with TiO2 microsphere arrays. The extraction efficiency for LEDs with microsphere arrays was investigated by focusing on the effect of the packing density,packing configuration, and diameter-to-period ratio. The comparison studies revealed the importance of having a hexagonal and close-packed monolayer microsphere array configuration for achieving optimum extraction efficiency, which translated into a 3.6-fold enhancement in light extraction compared to that for a planar LED. This improvement is attributed to the reduced Fresnel reflection and enlarged light escape cone. The engineering of the far-field radiation patterns was also demonstrated by tuning the packing density and packing configuration of the microsphere arrays.

关键词： LEDs Effect of packing density and packing geometry on light extraction of nitride light-emitting diodes with microsphere arrays

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Refining spatial neighbourhoods to capture terrain effects

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Ecological Processes 2012年第1期1卷 98-108页

作者： Trisalyn A nelson Colin Robertson Spatial Pattern Analysis and Research Lab Department of GeographyUniversity of VictoriaPO Box 3060VictoriaBritish ColumbiaV8W 3R4SCanada Department of Geography and Environmental Studies Wilfrid Laurier UniversityWaterlooOntarioN2L 3C5Canada

Introduction:Spatially explicit ecological research has increased substantially in the past 20 *** spatial approaches require the definition of a spatial neighbourhood or the region over which spatial relationships are modelled or *** neighbourhood definitions impact analysis results,and there are benefits in considering neighbourhood definitions that better capture ecological *** goal of this research is to present a simple and flexible approach in constraining ecological spatial neighbourhoods using terrain ***:Using watershed boundaries,we can restrict spatial neighbourhoods from combining populations or processes that should be separated by terrain *** demonstrate the need for ecological constraints by way of a simulation study and highlight our approach with a case study examining mountain pine beetle(Dendroctonus ponderosae,Coleoptera;Hopkins)infestation hot ***:Our results demonstrate how failure to constrain neighbourhoods can lead to errors when the spatial signals from unrelated populations are ***,unconstrained spatial neighbourhoods can unintentionally detect spatial relationships across many ***:There will be benefits to studies that develop new,ecology-based approaches in defining spatial neighbourhoods that better illuminate ecological function of phenomena under study.

关键词： spatial weights spatial analysis spatial ecology hot spots topography

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Carboxylesterases in lipid metabolism： From mouse to human

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Protein & Cell 2018年第2期9卷 178-195页

作者： Jihong Lian Randal nelson Richard Lehner Group on Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada Department of Pediatrics University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada Department of Cell Biology University of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada

Mammalian carboxylesterases hydrolyze a wide range of xenobiotic and endogenous compounds, including lipid esters. Physiological functions of car- boxylesterases in lipid metabolism and energy home- ostasis in vivo have been demonstrated by genetic manipulations and chemical inhibition in mice, and in vitro through （over）expression, knockdown of expression, and chemical inhibition in a variety of cells. Recent research advances have revealed the relevance of carboxylesterases to metabolic diseases such as obesity and fatty liver disease, suggesting these enzymes might be potential targets for treatment of metabolic disorders. In order to translate pre-clinical studies in cellular and mouse models to humans, dif- ferences and similarities of carboxylesterases between mice and human need to be elucidated. This review presents and discusses the research progress in structure and function of mouse and human car- boxylesterases, and the role of these enzymes in lipid metabolism and metabolic disorders.

关键词： carboxylesterase lipase lipid lipoprotein iver adipose intestine

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Association of Body Mass Index with Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Ovarian Axis Hormones in Infertile Women in the Niger Delta Region, Nigeria

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Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2022年第8期12卷 671-685页

作者： Onitsha Enebrayi nelson Ezeiruaku Ferdinand Chukwuma Department of Medical Laboratory Science Faculty of Basic Sciences College of Health Science Niger Delta University Wilberforce Island Nigeria

Background: Infertility is well-known global health problem that has significant impacts on an individual, families and communities. Many modifiable lifestyle risk factors increase the risk of women to several reproductive disorders. Aim: This study established the relationship between obesity and Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Ovarian (HPO) axis hormones in infertile women in the Niger Delta Region, Nigeria. Methodology: Six hundred and twenty-six (626) women aged 18 - 40 years comprising of 513 obese infertile women and 113 non obese women who served as control were recruited for the study. Anthropometric measurements were taken and Body Mass Index was calculated. A non-fasting venous blood sample was collected from the women and analyzed for serum Estrogen, Luteinizing Hormone (LH), Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH), Progesterone, Inhibin B, and Prolactin using Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay method. Results: In the present study, the Body Mass Index of women with primary (1°) infertility is significantly (p < 0.05) higher than secondary (2°) infertility women. Whereas, women with 2° infertility were older and have a higher height than women with 1° infertility. The result revealed that serum estrogen, luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone and prolactin levels were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the obese infertile women, while inhibin B and progesterone levels were significantly (p < 0.05) reduced in the obese infertile women compared to the control subjects. However, women with 1° infertility have a significantly higher LH and FSH levels than the 2° infertility women. Furthermore, the study revealed that hyperestrogenism is the most prevalent gonadal disorder in women with primary infertility and secondary infertility. The BMI of infertile women suffering Hyperestrogenism is significantly higher than any other female gonadal disorder. The result also showed that there is statistically significant positive correlation between BMI and Hypogonadism, Hyp

关键词： Body Mass Index Hypothalamus-Pituitary Ovarian Axis Infertility Obesity and Female Reproductive Hormones

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