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Insect Science 2024年第5期31卷 1334-1352页

作者： Mauricio Roberto Vianna Sant'Anna Adalberto Alves Pereira-Filho Antonio Ferreira Mendes-Sousa Naylene Carvalho Sales Silva nelder figueiredo gontjo Marcos Horacio Pereira Leonardo Barbosa Koerich Grasielle Caldas D'Avila Pessoa John Andersen Ricardo Nascimento Araujo Department of Parasitology Institute of Biological SciencesUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteMGBrazil Instituto Nacional de Ciencia e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular Rio de JaneiroRBrazil Campus Senador Helvidio Nunes de Barros Universidade Federal do PiauiPicosPlBrazil Vector Molecular Biology Section Laboratory of Malaria and Vector ResearchNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesNational Institutes of HealthRockvilleMarylandUSA

In arthropods,hematophagy has arisen several times throughout *** specialized feeding behavior offered a highly nutritious diet obtained during blood *** the other hand,blood-sucking arthropods must overcome problems brought on by blood intake and *** blood complement acts on the bite site and is still ac-tive after ingestion,so complement activation is a potential threat to the host's skin feed-ing environment and to the arthropod gut *** evolution,blood-sucking arthropods have selected,either in their saliva or gut,anticomplement molecules that inac-tivate host blood *** review presents an overview of the complement sys-tem and discusses the arthropod's salivary and gut anticomplement molecules studied to date,exploring their mechanism of action and other aspects related to the arthropod-host-pathogen *** possible therapeutic applications of arthropod's anticomplement molecules arealsodiscussed.

关键词： alternative pathway classical pathway complement inhibitors hematophagy intestine salivary gland

cAMP:A second messenger involved in the mechanism of midgut alkalinization in Lutzomyia longipalpis

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Insect Science 2022年第4期29卷 1059-1070页

作者： Denise Barguil Nepomuceno Grasielle Caldas D’Ávila Pessoa Leonardo Barbosa Koerich Marcos Horácio Pereira Mauricio Roberto Viana Sant'Anna Ricardo Nascimento Araújo nelder figueiredo Gontijo Laboratório de Fisiologia de Insetos Hematófagos Departamento de Parasitologia/ICBUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteMGBrazil

The sand fly Lutzomyia longipalpis is the main vector of Leishmania infantum in the *** sand flies ingest sugar-rich solutions and blood,which are digested in the *** of nutrients is an essential function performed by digestive enzymes,which require appropriate physiological *** of the main aspects that influence enzymatic activity is the gut pH,which must be tightly *** second messengers are frequently involved in the coordination of tightly regulated physiological events,we investigated if the second messenger cAMP would participate in the process of alkalinization in the abdominal midgut of female *** midguts containing the indicator dye bromothymol-blue,cAMP stimulated the alkalinization of the midgut *** another technique based on the use of fluorescein as a pH indicator,we propose that cAMP is involved in the alkalinization of the midgut by activating HCO3-transport from the enterocyte's cytoplasm to the *** results strongly suggested that the carrier responsible for this process would be a HCO3−/Cl−antiporter located in the enterocytes’apical *** promotes the release of alkalinizing hormones in the hemolymph;however,when the enzyme adenylyl cyclase,responsible for cAMP production,was inhibited,we observed that the hemolymph from blood-fed ***’females did not stimulate midgut *** result indicated that hormone-stimulated alkalinization is mediated by *** the present study,we provide evidences that cAMP has a key role in the control of intestinal pH.

关键词： abdominal midgut alkalinization cAMP HCO_(3)^(-)/Cl^(-)antiport hormone Lulcomyia longipalpis

Application of RNA interference in triatomine （Hemiptera： Reduviidae） studies

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Insect Science 2013年第1期20卷 40-52页

作者： Rafaela M. M. Paim Ricardo N. Araujo Michael J. Lehane nelder F. Gontijo MarcosH. Pereira Departamento de Parasitologia Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Bloco 14 Sala 177 Av. AntonioCarlos 6627 Pampulha CEP 30270-901 Belo Horizonte MG Brazil Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine Pembroke Place LiverpoolL3 5QA UK

Triatomines （Hemiptera： Reduviidae） are obligate hematophagous insects. They are of medical importance because they are vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of Chagas disease in the Americas. In recent years, the RNA interference （RNAi） technology has emerged as a practical and useful alternative means of studying gene function in insects, including triatomine bugs. RNAi research in triatomines is still in its early stages, several issues still need to be elucidated, including the description of the molecules involved in the RNAi machinery and aspects related to phenotype evaluation and persistence of the knockdown in different tissues and organs. This review considers recent applications of RNAi to triatomine research, describing the major methods that have been applied during the knockdown process such as the double-stranded RNA delivery mechanism （injection, microinjection, or ingestion） and the phenotype characterization （mRNA and target protein levels） in studies conducted with the intent to provide greater insights into the biology of these insects. In addition to the characterization of insect biomolecules, some with biopharmacological potential, RNAi may provide a new view of the interaction between triatomine and trypanosomatids, enabling the development of new measures for vector control and transmission of the parasite.

关键词： dsRNA knockdown phenotype RNAi triatomine

Generalized Linear Models with Random Effects: Unified Analysis via H-likelihood 1st

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丛书名： Monographs on statistics and applied probability

2006年

作者： Youngjo Lee John A. nelder Yudi Pawitan

ISBN: (纸本)1584886315;9781584886310

Since their introduction in 1972, generalized linear models (GLMs) have proven useful in the generalization of classical normal models. Presenting methods for fitting GLMs with random effects to data, Generalized Linear Models with Random Effects: Unified Analysis via H-likelihood explores a wide range of applications, including combining information over trials (meta-analysis), analysis of frailty models for survival data, genetic epidemiology, and analysis of spatial and temporal models with correlated *** by pioneering authorities in the field, this reference provides an introduction to various theories and examines likelihood inference and GLMs. The authors show how to extend the class of GLMs while retaining as much simplicity as possible. By maximizing and deriving other quantities from h-likelihood, they also demonstrate how to use a single algorithm for all members of the class, resulting in a faster algorithm as compared to existing alternatives. Complementing theory with examples, many of which can be run by using the code supplied on the accompanying CD, this book is beneficial to statisticians and researchers involved in the above applications as well as quality-improvement experiments and missing-data analysis

关键词： analysis likelihood unified effects linear models random generalizedMathematics Science

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解决能源和气候问题之道

能源评论 2013年第9期 46-48页

作者： Chris nelder[美] 平仑(译)

如果我们想耍推动能源转型并预防气候变化，就必须以乐观的、易于处理的方式提出方案，并把它描述得符合特定的世界观。

关键词：气候问题能源气候变化世界观

化学气体污染突发事件中的人群疏散:横断面调查

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英国医学杂志中文版 2005年第5期8卷 285-288页

作者： S Kinra G Lewendon R nelder N Herriott R Mohan M Hort S Harrison V Murray 陈雷（译） Department of Social Medicine University of BristolBristol BS8 2PR Public Health Development Unit Plymouth Teaching Primary Care TrustPlymouth PL1 2AD Chemical Hazards Unit Health Protection AgencyGuy＇s and St Thomas＇ Hospital TrustLondon SE14 5ER Met Office Exeter EX1 3PB 不详

目的比较一个塑料工厂发生化学事故后躲藏和被疏散人群的健康结局。设计横断面调查。背景英格兰西南的市区。研究对象该地区1750位曾暴露于化学烟雾的居民,其中472人被疏散,剩下的1278人被建议躲藏在室内。主要结局测定不利于健康的症... 详细信息

目的比较一个塑料工厂发生化学事故后躲藏和被疏散人群的健康结局。设计横断面调查。背景英格兰西南的市区。研究对象该地区1750位曾暴露于化学烟雾的居民,其中472人被疏散,剩下的1278人被建议躲藏在室内。主要结局测定不利于健康的症状数目。出现4个或以上症状者被确定为一个病例。主要的结果1096位居民(63%;299人被疏散,797人躲藏起来)为本分析提供了资料。被疏散人群的平均症状分值和病例的比例比躲藏人群的要高(疏散者:症状分值1.9,病例比例19.7%(n=59);躲藏者:症状分值1.0,病例比例9.5%(n=76),二者比较P<0.001)。在事故发生后两周末时二组间的差异明显变小。成为病例的两个主要可变更危险因子是疏散(比值比2.5,95%可信区间1.7～3.8)和在事故当天直接暴露于烟雾的时间超过2小时(比值比2.0,95%可信区间1.7～2.3)。住所距工厂的距离或是干预前(头6个小时)暴露的水平对于研究对象成为病例的作用不大。结论在此次化学事故中躲藏起来可能是优于疏散人群的保护措施。这与专家们普遍认为的观点一致。尽管本研究有一定的局限性,但它是基于一场真实的事件。疏散本身有一定的风险和资源上的限制,认识上的增加可能会有助于减少将来不必要的疏散。

关键词：化学事故横断面调查人群突发事件气体污染健康结局研究对象可信区间危险因子保护措施