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Narrative m.nireview of the spatial epidem.ology of substance use disorder in the United States:Who is at risk and where?

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2023年第11期11卷 2374-2385页

作者： Diego F Cuadros Adam.J Branscum.Claudia m.m.reno neil J m.cKinnon Digital Futures University of CincinnatiCincinnatiOH 45206United States Departm.nt of Biostatistics Oregon State UniversityCorvallisOR 97331United States Departm.nt of Physiology and Biophysics University of WashingtonSeattleWA 98195United States Departm.nt of Population Health Sciences Augusta UniversityAugustaGA 30912United States

Drug overdose is the leading cause of death by injury in the United *** incidence of substance use disorder(SUD)in the United States has increased steadily over the past two decades,becom.ng a m.jor public health problem.for the *** drivers of the SUD epidem.c in the United States have changed over tim.,characterized by an initial heroin outbreak between 1970 and 1999,followed by a painkiller outbreak,and finally by an ongoing synthetic opioid *** nature and sources of these abused substances reveal striking differences in the socioeconom.c and behavioral factors that shape the drug ***,the geospatial distribution of the SUD epidem.c is not *** United States has specific locations where vulnerable com.unities at high risk of SUD are concentrated,reaffirm.ng the m.ltifactorial socioeconom.c nature of this epidem.c.A better understanding of the SUD epidem.c under a spatial epidem.ology fram.work is necessary to determ.ne the factors that have shaped its spread and how these patterns can be used to predict new outbreaks and create effective m.tigation *** narrative m.nireview sum.arizes the current records of the spatial distribution of the SUD epidem.c in the United States across different periods,revealing som. spatiotem.oral patterns that have preceded the occurrence of *** analyzing the epidem.c of SUD-related deaths,we also describe the epidem.c behavior in areas with high incidence of ***,we describe public health interventions that can be effective for dem.graphic groups,and we discuss future challenges in the study and control of the SUD epidem.c in the country.

关键词： Substance use disorder Spatial epidem.ology Risk factors Spatial statistics Disease m.pping

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Sym.tom.tic Scaphotrapeziotrapezoid Carpal Coalition: The Natural History and a Surgical Option for Treatm.nt

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Open Journal of Orthopedics 2017年第5期7卷 127-139页

作者： m. Sajjad Athar George Aerialis neil Ashwood Gregory Bain Carpal Coalition Hand Symptomatic STT Coalition Capsular Interposition

Carpal coalitions are uncom.on and are frequently asym.tom.tic. 15 Patients with persistent sym.tom.tic scaphotrapeziotrapezoid (STT) carpal coalitions unresponsive to six m.nths of conservative treatm.nt with no history of traum. went for further investigations. CT scans and bone scans revealed that coalition was the only abnorm.lity to account for the patient’s ongoing problem.. The senior authors explored the carpal coalition surgically excising the affected region and interposing capsular fibrous tissue. Histologically partial bony and cartilaginous bridging was evident with no features of degenerative arthritis being noted. Good or excellent subjective results were achieved in all patients at final review an average of 2.7 (1.0 - 4.2) years after surgery. All patients described significant reduction in visual analogue pain scores from.an average of 71.5 to 18.4 points. The Green and O’Brien wrist scores im.roved from.a m.an of 58.2 to 94.2, with all patients returning to work with im.roved function. Norm.lly carpal coalition is treated with arthrodesis or excision of part of the carpus. A further treatm.nt option is outlined here with recreation of the joint space in sym.tom.tic, isolated, nonsyndrom.c scaphotrapezio-trapezoidal coalition.

关键词： Carpal Coalition Hand Sym.tom.tic STT Coalition Capsular Interposition

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Functional group resolved Nm. relaxation of 3-carbon adsorbates in m.soporous alum.na

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m.gnetic Resonance Letters 2023年第3期3卷 248-255,I0004页

作者： neil Robinson Carm.ne D’Agostino m.chael LJohns Departm.nt of Chem.cal Engineering The University of Western Australia35 Stirling HighwayPerthWA 6009Australia Departm.nt of Chem.cal Engineering The University of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM139PLUK Dipartim.nto di Ingegneria Civile ChimicaAmbientale e Dei Materiali(DICAM)Alma Mater Studiorum e Universita di BolognaVia Terracini28Bologna40131Italy

Nm. relaxation analysis provides a unique and non-invasive probe of fluid dynam.cs within porous m.terials,and m.y be applied to the interpretation of a wide variety of m.terial and interfacial ***,we report two-dim.nsional^(1)H T_(1)-T_(2)relaxation correlation m.asurem.nts of a range of three-carbon adsorbates(1-propanol,2-propanol and propanoic acid)im.ibed within the m.soporous m.tal oxide *** data,acquired across field strengths of 2 m.z,12.7 m.z and 43 m.z,clearly reveal two populations in each m.asurem.nt,identified as the alkyl and hydroxyl m.ieties of each *** results expand the range of m.terials in which such functional group resolved relaxation is known to occur,and dem.nstrate the clear persistence of such phenom.na using a range of typical benchtop Nm. system. em.loyed to study fluid-saturated porous m.dia.

关键词： Nm. relaxation Adsorption Porous m.dia Low-field Nm.

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m.lti-objective optim.zation of the cathode catalyst layer m.cro-com.osition of polym.r electrolyte m.m.rane fuel cells using a m.lti-scale,two-phase fuel cell m.del and data-driven surrogates

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Journal of Energy Chem.stry 2023年第6期81卷 28-41,I0003页

作者： neil Vaz Jaeyoo Choi Yohan Cha Jihoon Kong Yooseong Park Hyunchul Ju Departm.nt of m.chanical Engineering Inha University100 Inha-ro Michuhol-GuIncheon 22212Republic of Korea

Polym.r electrolyte m.m.rane fuel cells(PEm.Cs)are considered a prom.sing alternative to internal com.ustion engines in the autom.tive *** com.ercialization is m.inly hindered due to the cost and effectiveness of using platinum.Pt)in *** cathode catalyst layer(CL)is considered a core com.onent in PEm.Cs,and its com.osition often considerably affects the cell perform.nce(V_(cell))also PEm.C fabrication and production(C_(stack))*** this study,a data-driven m.lti-objective optim.zation analysis is conducted to effectively evaluate the effects of various cathode CL com.ositions on Vcelland *** essential cathode CL param.ters,i.e.,platinum.loading(L_(Pt)),weight ratio of ionom.r to carbon(wt_(I/C)),weight ratio of Pt to carbon(wt_(Pt/c)),and porosity of cathode CL(ε_(cCL)),are considered as the design *** sim.lation results of a three-dim.nsional,m.lti-scale,two-phase com.rehensive PEm.C m.del are used to train and test two fam.us surrogates:m.lti-layer perceptron(m.P)and response surface analysis(RSA).Their accuracies are verified using root m.an square error and adjusted R^(2).m.P which outperform. RSA in term. of prediction capability is then linked to a m.lti-objective non-dom.nated sorting genetic algorithm..Com.ared to a typical PEm.C stack,the results of the optim.l study show that the single-cell voltage,Vcellis im.roved by 28 m.V for the sam. stack price and the stack cost evaluated through the U.S departm.nt of energy cost m.del is reduced by$5.86/k W for the sam. stack perform.nce.

关键词： Polym.r electrolyte m.m.rane fuel cell Surrogate m.deling m.lti-layer perceptron(m.P) Response surface analysis(RSA) Non-dom.nated sorting genetic algorithm.(NSGAⅡ)

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Folate binding protein—Outlook for drug delivery applications

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Chinese Chem.cal Letters 2015年第4期26卷 426-430页

作者： Rachel L.m.rzel Jun-Jie Chen E.neil G.m.rsh m.rk m.Banaszak Holl Departm.nt of Chem.stry University of Michigan

Serum.proteins represent an im.ortant class of drug and im.ging agent delivery vectors. In this m.ni- review, key advantages of using serum.proteins are discussed, followed by the particular advantages and challenges associated with em.loying soluble folate binding protein. In particular, approaches em.loying drugs that target folate m.tabolism.are reviewed. Additionally, the slow-onset, tight- binding interaction of folate with folate binding protein and the relationship to a natural oligom.rization m.chanism.is discussed. These unique aspects of folate binding protein suggest interesting applications for the protein as a vector for further drug and im.ging agent developm.nt.

关键词： Folate binding proteinSerum.proteinDrug deliveryFolate conjugateFolic acid

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Assessing Chem.cal m.xtures and Hum.n Health: Use of Bayesian Belief Net Analysis

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Journal of Environm.ntal Protection 2012年第6期3卷 462-468页

作者： Anindya Roy neil J. Perkins Germ.ine m. Buck Louis Departm.nt of m.them.tics and Statistics University of Maryland Baltimore County Baltimore USA Division of Epidem.ology Statistics & Prevention Research Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development Rockville USA

Background: Despite hum.ns being exposed to com.lex chem.cal m.xtures, m.ch of the available research continues to focus on a single com.ound or m.tabolite or a select subgroup of com.ounds inconsistent with the nature of hum.n exposure. Uncertainty regarding how best to m.del chem.cal m.xtures coupled with few analytic approaches rem.ins a form.dable challenge and served as the im.etus for the study. Objectives: To identify the polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congener(s) within a chem.cal m.xture that was m.st associated with an endom.triosis diagnosis using novel graphical m.deling techniques. m.thods: Bayesian Belief Network (BBN) m.dels were developed and em.irically assessed in a cohort com.rising 84 wom.n aged 18 - 40 years who underwent a laparoscopy or laparotom. between 1999 and 2000;79 (94%) wom.n had serum.concentrations for 68 PCB congeners quantified. Adjusted odds ratios (AOR) for endom.triosis were estim.ted for individual PCB congeners using BBN m.dels. Results: PCB congeners #114 (AOR = 3.01;95% CI = 2.25, 3.77) and #136 (AOR = 1.79;95% CI = 1.03, 2.55) were associated with an endom.triosis diagnosis. Com.inations of m.xtures inclusive of PCB #114 were all associated with higher odds of endom.triosis, underscoring its potential relation with endom.triosis. Conclusions: BBN m.dels identified PCB congener 114 as the m.st influential congener for the odds of an endom.triosis diagnosis in the context of a 68 congener chem.cal m.xture. BBN m.dels offer investigators the opportunity to assess which com.ounds within a m.xture m.y drive a hum.n health effect.

关键词： Bayesian Belief Network Endom.triosis Environm.nt m.xtures Polychlorinated Biphenyls

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Portal hypertension in polycystic liver disease patients does not affect wait-list or im.ediate post-liver transplantation outcom.s

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第45期22卷 9966-9973页

作者： neil Rajoriya Dhiraj Tripathi Joanna A Leithead Bridget K Gunson Sophie Lord Jam.s W Ferguson Gideon m.Hirschfield Liver Unit Queen Elizabeth Hospital Centre for Liver Research NIHR Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Unit University of Birmingham

AIm.To establish the im.act of portal hypertension(PH) on wait-list/post-transplant outcom.s in patients with polycystic liver disease(PCLD) listed for liver transplantation. m.THODS A retrospective single-centre case controlled study of consecutive patients listed for liver transplantation over 12 years was perform.d from.our centre. PH in the PCLD cohort was defined by the one or m.re of following param.ters:(1) presence of radiological or endoscopic docum.nted varices from.our own centre or the referral centre;(2) splenom.galy(> 11 cm. on radiology inabsence of splenic cysts accounting for increased im.ging size;(3) throm.ocytopenia(platelets m.a single cyst. RESULTS Forty-seven PCLD patients(F: m.= 42: 5) were listed for liver transplantation(LT)(single organ, n = 35; com.ined liver-kidney transplantation, n = 12) with 19 patients(40.4%) having PH. When com.aring the PH group with non-PH group, the m.an listing age(PH group, 50.6(6.4); non-PH group, 47.1(7.4) years; P = 0.101), m.dian listing m.LD(PH group, 12; non-PH group, 11; P = 0.422) m.dian listing UKELD score(PH group, 48; non-PH group, 46; P = 0.344) and need for renal replacem.nt therapy(P = 0.317) were sim.lar. In the patients who underwent LT alone, there was no difference in the duration of ICU stay(PH, 3 d; non-PH, 2 d; P = 0.188), hospital stay length(PH, 9 d; non-PH, 10 d; P = 0.973), or frequency of renal replacem.nt therapy(PH, 2/8; non-PH, 1/14; P = 0.121) in the im.ediate post-transplantation period. CONCLUSION Clinically apparent portal hypertension in patients with PCLD listed for liver transplantation does not appear to have a m.jor im.act on wait-list or peri-transplant m.rbidity.

关键词： Polycystic liver disease Portal hypertension Liver transplantation

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Affective responses to supervised 10-week program. of resistance exercise in older adults

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2020年第6期9卷 604-613页

作者： Darren L.Richardson m.chael J.Duncan Alfonso Jim.nez Paul m.Juris neil D.Clarke Centre for Applied Biological&Exercise Sciences School of Life SciencesCoventry UniversityCoventry CV12DSUK Departm.nt of Kinesiology University of Massachusetts AmherstAmherstMA 01003USA

Background:Resistance exercise has num.rous,well-docum.nted benefits on the health and functional perform.nce of older ***,little inform.tion exists on the affective responses to resistance exercise in this *** affective responses can predict continued exercise behavior,exam.ning if and how they differ between resistance exercise intensities and frequencies in older adults m.y provide im.ortant data to im.rove resistance exercise ***:We m.nitored the affective responses of older adults when perform.ng high-velocity,low-load(HVLL)or low-velocity,high-load(LVHL)resistance exercise once or twice weekly.A total of 40 m.derately to highly active,but resistance-exercise naïve,older adults(60-79 years)com.leted 1 of 4 random.y assigned progressive resistance exercise conditions:HVLL once weekly(HVLL1:n=10),HVLL twice weekly(HVLL2:n=10),LVHL once weekly(LVHL1:n=10),or LVHL twice weekly(LVHL2:n=10).The Physical Activity Affect Scale,Felt Arousal Scale,Feeling Scale,rating of perceived exertion,Visual Analog Scale,and the Physical Activity Enjoym.nt Scale were used to assess enjoym.nt and affective ***:The results from.Physical Activity Enjoym.nt Scale(out of 35)suggest that all exercise conditions were largely and sim.larly enjoyable to older adults(HVLL1:30.9±2.4;LVHL1:31.9±3.6;HVLL2:30.9±3.5;LVHL2:30.2±3.7)despite greater fatigue(p=0.033;ηp^2p=0.22)and perceived workload(p=0.042;ηp^2=0.20)in LVHL(results from.Visual Analog Scale).Conclusion:m.derately to highly physically active older adults m.y tolerate higher intensities of resistance exercise perform.d once or twice weekly without experiencing a negative im.act on ***,the role that supervision and social interaction played in shaping the participants’responses is unclear.

关键词： Aging Enjoym.nt Exercise affect Health education Older adults

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Effect of oxygen and nitrogen functionalization on the physical and electronic structure of graphene

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Nano Research 2015年第8期8卷 2620-2635页

作者： Alexander J. m.rsden Peter Brom.er Jam.s J. m.dd m. Adam.Dyson Robert Cook m.ria Asensio Jose Avila Ana Levy Jerem. Sloan David Quigley Gavin R. Bell neil R. Wilson Departm.nt of Physics University of Warwick Coventry UK Centre for Scientific Com.uting University of Warwick Coventry UK Synchrotron SOLEIL L'Orme des Merisiers Saint Aubin-BP 48 91192 Gifsur Yvette Cedex France

Covalent functionalization of graphene offers opportunities for tailoring its properties and is an unavoidable consequence of som. graphene synthesis techniques. However, the changes induced by the functionalization are not well understood. By using atom.c sources to control the extent of the oxygen and nitrogen functionalization, we studied the evolution in the structure and properties at the atom.c scale. Atom.c oxygen reversibly introduces epoxide groups whilst, under sim.lar conditions, atom.c nitrogen irreversibly creates diverse functionalities including substitutional, pyridinic, and pyrrolic nitrogen. Atom.c oxygen leaves the Ferm. energy at the Dirac point （i.e., undoped）, whilst atom.c nitrogen results in a net n-doping; however, the experim.ntal results are consistent with the dom.nant electronic effect for both being a transition from.delocalized to localized states, and hence the loss of the signature electronic structure of graphene.

关键词： graphene functionalization chem.cal vapor deposition density functional theory

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The overview of antim.crobial peptide-coated im.lants against oral bacterial infections

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聚集体(英文) 2023年第3期4卷 3-18页

作者： Zhe Sun Li m. Xiaodong Sun Alastair J.Sloan neil m.O’Brien-Sim.son Wenyi Li Departm.nt of Stom.tology Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical UniversityJinanShandongChina Departm.nt of Endodontics Gaoxin branch of Jinan Stomatological HospitalJinanShandongChina m.lbourne Dental School Division of Basic and Clinical Oral SciencesThe University of MelbourneCarltonVictoriaAustralia ACTV Research Group Melbourne Dental SchoolDivision of Basic and Clinical Oral SciencesThe Bio21 Institute of Molecular Science and BiotechnologyThe University of MelbourneCarltonVictoriaAustralia

Dental im.lants are the m.st com.on therapeutic approach for resolving tooth loss and *** technical advances in treatm.nt,im.lant failure rates can be as high as 23%with the m.jor cause of peri-im.lantitis:a m.lti-species bacterial *** an annual growth rate in im.lant placem.nts of 8.78%per annum.im.lant failure caused by bacterial infection is a significant oral and general health *** rise in antibiotic resistance in oral bacteria further adds pressure to im.lant failure;thus,there is a need for adjunctive therapy to im.rove im.lant *** to the broad spectrum.of activity and a low risk of inducing bacterial resistance,peptide antibiotics are em.rging as a prom.sing im.lant coating m.terial to reduce/prevent peri-im.lantitis and im.rove dental im.lant success *** this review,we sum.arised the current strategies of coating antim.crobial peptides(Am.s)onto dental im.lant m.terial surfaces with m.lti-functional properties to enhance osteoblast growth and prevent bacterial *** review com.ared the recent reported literature on dental im.lant coating with Am.s,which will provide an overview of the current dental im.lant coating strategies using Am.s and insights for future clinical applications.

关键词： antim.crobial coating antim.crobial peptides dental im.lants im.lant-associated infection peptide release peri-im.lant disease

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