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Hydromechanical characterization of gas transport amidst uncertainty for underground nuclear explosion detection

journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第6期16卷 2019-2032页

作者： Wenfeng Li Chelsea W.neil j William Carey Meng Meng Luke P.Frash Philip H.Stauffer Earth and Environmental Sciences Los Alamos National LaboratoryLos AlamosNM87544USA Department of Mineral Engineering New Mexico TechSocorroNM87801USA

Given the challenge of definitively discriminating between chemical and nuclear explosions using seismic methods alone,surface detection of signature noble gas radioisotopes is considered a positive identification of underground nuclear explosions(UNEs).However,the migration of signature radionuclide gases between the nuclear cavity and surface is not well understood because complex processes are involved,including the generation of complex fracture networks,reactivation of natural fractures and faults,and thermo-hydro-mechanical-chemical(THMC)coupling of radionuclide gas transport in the *** this study,we provide an experimental investigation of hydro-mechanical(HM)coupling among gas flow,stress states,rock deformation,and rock damage using a unique multi-physics triaxial direct shear rock testing *** testing system also features redundant gas pressure and flow rate measurements,well suited for parameter uncertainty *** porous tuff and tight granite samples that are relevant to historic UNE tests,we measured the Biot effective stress coefficient,rock matrix gas permeability,and fracture gas permeability at a range of pore pressure and stress *** Biot effective stress coefficient varies from 0.69 to 1 for the tuff,whose porosity averages 35.3%±0.7%,while this coefficient varies from 0.51 to 0.78 for the tight granite(porosity<1%,perhaps an underestimate).Matrix gas permeability is strongly correlated to effective stress for the granite,but not for the porous *** experiments reveal the following key engineering implications on transport of radionuclide gases post a UNE event:(1)The porous tuff shows apparent fracture dilation or compression upon stress changes,which does not necessarily change the gas permeability;(2)The granite fracture permeability shows strong stress sensitivity and is positively related to shear displacement;and(3)Hydromechanical coupling among stress states,rock damage,and gas flow appears to be

关键词： Underground nuclear explosion uncertainty quantification Radionuclide transport Biot effective stress coefficient Fracture permeability Matrix permeability

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Ileal pouch surgery for ulcerative colitis

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第24期13卷 3288-3300页

作者： Simon P Bach neil j.mortensen Department of Colorectal Surgery John Radcliffe Hospital Oxford OX3 9DU United Kingdom

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a relapsing and remitting disease characterised by chronic mucosal and submucosal inflammation of the colon and rectum. Treatment may vary depending upon the extent and severity of inflammation. Broadly speaking medical treatments aim to induce and then maintain remission. Surgery is indicated for inflammatory disease that is refractory to medical treatment or in cases of neoplastic transformation. Approximately 25% of patients with UC ultimately require colectomy. Ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA) has become the standard of care for patients with ulcerative colitis who ultimately require colectomy. This review will examine indications for IPAA, patient selection, technical aspects of surgery, management of complications and long term outcome following this procedure.

关键词： Ulcerative colitis Ileal Pouch Ileal pouch anal anastomosis

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Rescue from complications after pancreaticoduodenectomies at a low-volume Caribbean center:Value of tailored peri-pancreatectomy protocols

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World journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2024年第3期16卷 681-688页

作者： Shamir O Cawich Elijah Dixon Parul j Shukla Shailesh V Shrikhande Rahul R Deshpande Fawwaz Mohammed neil W Pearce Wesley Francis Shaneeta johnson johann Bujhawan Department of Surgery University of the West IndiesSt Augustine 000000Trinidad and Tobago Department of Surgery Faculty of MedicineUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlberta T2N2T9Canada Department of Surgery Weill Cornell Medical CollegeNew YorkNY 10065United States Department of Surgical Oncology Tata Memorial CenterHomi Bhabha National UniversityMumbai 400012India Department of Surgery Manchester Royal InfirmaryManchester M139WLUnited Kingdom University Surgical Unit Southampton General HospitalSouthampton SO166YDUnited Kingdom Department of Surgery University of the West IndiesNassau N-1184Bahamas Department of Surgery Morehouse School of MedicineAtlantaGA 30310United States Department of Surgery General Hospital in Port of SpainPort of Spain 000000Trinidad and Tobago

BACKGROUND Pancreaticoduodenectomy(PD)is a technically complex operation,with a re-latively high risk for *** ability to rescue patients from post-PD complications is as a recognized quality *** protocols were instituted at our low volume facility in the year *** To document the rate of rescue from post-PD complications with tailored protocols in place as a measure of *** A retrospective audit was performed to collect data from patients who experienced major post-PD complications at a low volume pancreatic surgery unit in Trinidad and Tobago between january 1,2013 and june 30,***-dardized definitions from the International Study Group of Pancreatic Surgery were used to define post-PD complications,and the modified Clavien-Dindo classification was used to classify post-PD *** Over the study period,113 patients at a mean age of 57.5 years(standard deviation[SD]±9.23;range:30-90;median:56)underwent PDs at this *** complications were recorded in 33(29.2%)patients at a mean age of 53.8 years(SD:±7.9).Twenty-nine(87.9%)patients who experienced major morbidity were salvaged after aggre-ssive treatment of their ***(3.5%)died from bleeding pseudoaneurysm(1),septic shock secondary to a bile leak(1),anastomotic leak(1),and myocardial infarction(1).There was a significantly greater salvage rate in patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists scores≤2(93.3%vs 25%;P=0.0024).CONCLUSION This paper adds to the growing body of evidence that volume alone should not be used as a marker of quality for patients requiring *** low volumes at our facility,we demonstrated that 87.9%of patients were rescued from major *** attributed this to several factors including development of rescue protocols,the competence of the pancreatic surgery teams and continuous,and adaptive learning by the entire institution,cul-minating in the development of tailored peri-pancreatectomy protoc

关键词： Pancreas Complication Rescue Failure Morbidity Mortality Pancreaticoduodenectomy

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Intracranial pressure is elevated at 24h post-stroke inmice

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Neuroprotection 2024年第1期2卷 60-64页

作者： Kirby E.Warren Rebecca j.Hood Fredrick R.Walker neil j.Spratt School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy University of NewcastleCallaghanAustralia Hunter Medical Research Institute NewLambton HeightsAustralia School of Biomedicine Discipline of Anatomy and PathologyFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesThe University of AdelaideAdelaideAustralia Department of Neurology John Hunter HospitalNewLambton HeightsAustralia

Background:It has long been assumed that post-stroke intracranial pressure(ICP)elevation occurs because of large infarct and edema ***,we have repeatedly shown IcP elevation at 24 h post-stroke in the presence of little to no edema in *** processes are often conserved across species and types of ***,we aimed to determine if an ICP rise occurs at 24 h post-stroke in the presence of small infarct and edema volumes in ***:Mice were randomized by random number table to either photothrombotic stroke or sham surgery(n=15).Epidural ICP was recorded using a fiber optic catheter at 1 h post-stroke(baseline)and between 23 and ***:ICP was significantly higher at 24 h compared to baseline in stroke animals(n=6;10.71±6.45mmHg vs.3.74±2.20mmHg,respec-tively;p=0.03).ICP at 24 h was also significantly higher in stroke mice compared to sham(n=6;3.45±1.43mmHg;p=0.02).There was no change in ICP in sham mice(p=0.9).Edema volumes in stroke animals were small(0.04±0.04 mm3)and unlikely to have caused significant ICP ***:This study provides evidence of an edema-independent ICP elevation following small ischemic stroke in *** occurrence of this rise supports our findings in other species and suggests it is caused by a previously undescribed mechanism.

关键词： cerebraledema intracranial pressure ischemic stroke

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Natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery and localized resection for colorectal neoplasia

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World journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2010年第6期2卷 199-202页

作者： Ronan A Cahill neil j.mortensen Department of Colorectal Surgery John Radcliffe Hospital

Modern methods of surgical intervention have the potential to provide effective,definitive management of early stage colorectal neoplasia by truly minimally invasive ***-free clearance of early colonic neoplasia from within the intestinal lumen can already now be effected by endoscopic submucosal dissection in the colon and transluminal endoscopic microsurgery(TEM) in the *** orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery(NOTES) offers the potential for providing transmural,full thickness excision as TEM does but at sites in the colon proximal to the *** next conceptual advance required to make this practice an effective reality lies in evolving surgical regional staging strategies to effectively partner localized resective approaches and allow their deployment as definitive curative *** the most compelling modality for nodal status ascertainment in the absence of lymphatic basin excision for other malignant disease processes,it seems timely to reconsider sentinel node biopsy in cancer of the colon and *** by this means or indeed any other,such an ability to confidently identify patients with node negative disease would allow nascent innovative techniques flourish as definitive management for confined(N0) T1 and T2 cancers and so allow the application of available advanced technology for clinical ***,the development of a specific clinical niche for NOTES(whether,as here,for full thickness localized colonic excision or nodal staging alone) would greatly benefit the evolution and incorporation of this surgical strategy into clinical care paradigms.

关键词： Natural orifice transluminal endoscopy Early stage colorectal neoplasia Colorectal cancer Minimal invasive surgery Laparoendoscopic surgery Endoscopy

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Psychiatric comorbidities in epilepsy:population co-occurrence,genetic correlations and causal effects

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General Psychiatry 2024年第1期37卷 103-111页

作者： Viktor H Ahlqvist Christina Dardani Paul Madley-Dowd Harriet Forbes jessica Rast Caichen Zhong Renee M Gardner Christina Dalman Kristen Lyal cRAIG Newschaffer Torbjorn Tomson Michael Lundberg Daniel Berglind neil M Davies Brian K Lee Cecilia Magnusson Dheeraj Rai Department of Global Public Health Karolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit Bristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUK Centre for Academic Mental Health Population Health SciencesBristol Medical SchoolUniversity of BristolBristolUK Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health London School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineLondonUK A.j.Drexel Autism Institute Drexel UniversityPhiladelphiaPAUSA Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public HealthDrexel UniversityPhiladelphiaPAUSA College of Health and Human Development Pennsylvania State UniversityState CollegePAUSA Department of Clinical Neuroscience Karolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden Centre for Epidemiology and Community Medicine Region StockholmStockholmSweden K.G jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology Department of Public Health and NursingNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway Division of Psychiatry University Collge LondonLondonUK Department of Statistical Sciences University Cllge LondonLondonK NIHR Biomedical Research Centre University of BristoBristolUK Avon and Wiltshire Partnership NHS Mental Health TrustBristolUK

Background Psychiatric comorbidities are common in patients with *** for the co-occurrence of psychiatric conditions and epilepsy remain poorly *** We aimed to triangulate the relationship between epilepsy and psychiatric conditions to determine the extent and possible origins of these *** Using nationwide Swedish health registries,we quantified the lifetime prevalence of psychiatric disorders in patients with *** then used summarydata from genome-wide association studies to investigate whether the identified observational associations could be attributed to a shared underlying genetic aetiology using cross-trait linkage disequilibrium score ***,we assessed the potential bidirectional relationships using two-sample Mendelian *** In a cohort of 7628495 individuals,we found that almost half of the 94435 individuals diagnosed with epilepsy were also diagnosed with a psychiatric condition in their lifetime(adjusted lifetime prevalence,44.09%;95%confidence interval(Cl)43.78%to 44.39%).We found evidence for a genetic correlation between epilepsy and some neurodevelopmental and psychiatric *** example,we observed a genetic correlation between epilepsy and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder(r,=0.18,95%Cl 0.09 to 0.27,p<0.001)—a correlation that was more pronounced in focal epilepsy(r=0.23,95%CI 0.09 to 0.36,p<0.001).Findings from Mendelian randomisation using common genetic variants did not support bidirectional effects between epilepsy and neurodevelopmental or psychiatric *** Psychiatric comorbidities are common in patients with *** correlations may partially explain some comorbidities;however,there is little evidence of a bidirectional relationship between the genetic liability of epilepsy and psychiatric *** findings highlight the need to understand the role of environmental factors or rare genetic variations in the origins of psy

关键词： epilepsy Psychiat lifetime

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High-density lipoproteins:an emerging target in the prevention of cardiovascular disease

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Cell Research 2006年第10期16卷 799-808页

作者： Belinda A Cutri neil j Hime Stephen j Nicholls The Heart Research Institute CamperdownSydneyNSW 2050Australia Department of Immunology The Scripps Research InstituteLa JollaCA 92037USA Department of Cardiovascular Medicine The Cleveland Clinic FoundationMail Code JJ659500 Euclid AvenueClevelandOH 44195USA

High-density lipoproteins (HDLs) have been well established to protect against the development of atheroscleroticcardiovascular *** has become apparent that in addition to the promotion of reverse cholesterol transport,HDLspossess a number of additional functional properties that may contribute to their beneficial influence on the arterial wall.A number of exciting therapeutic strategies have been developed that target HDL and its ability to protect against thedevelopment of atherosclerotic *** paper will review how the promotion of the functional properties of HDLinhibits the formation of atherosclerotic plaque and stabilises lesions in patients with established disease.

关键词： high-density lipoproteins cardiovascular disease atherosclerotic plaque stabilises lesions

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The role of digital technologies in supporting and improving fishery and aquaculture across the supply chain-Quo Vadis?

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Aquaculture and Fisheries 2023年第4期8卷 365-374页

作者： neil j.Rowan Bioscience Research Institute Technological University of the ShannonMidlands Midwest(TUS)AthloneN37 HD68Ireland Empower Eco^(™)Innovation Hub TUSAthloneN37 HD68Ireland CURAM Research Centre NUIGalwayH91 TK33Ireland

Fish constitute important high protein products to meet the demands of an increasing global ***,the continued depletion of wild fish stocks is leading to increased strain on the aquaculture sector in terms of sustaining the supply of fish and seafood to global *** the fact that aquaculture is more diversified than other agriculture sectors,there are significant pressures on the industry to continue innovating in order to enable sustainability including increased fish production,improved appropriate selection of species,disease mitigation,reduced wastage,preventing environmental pollution and generating more employment *** viewpoint article addresses how digital transformation can help support and meet expansion needs of the fisheries/aquaculture industries that includes exploiting and harnessing ICT,IoT,Cloud-edge computing,AI,machine learning,immersive technologies and *** technologies are bringing significant operational benefits for global food chain,improving efficiencies and productivity,reducing waste,contamination and food *** focus on digital technologies has recently evolved to Industry 5.0 where AI and robotics are coupled with the human mind in order to advance human-centric *** viewpoint describes the role of Quadruple helix Hub(academic-industry-government and society)in delivering a convergent holistic approach to meeting the diversity of fishery industry needs by connecting and placing fisheries centrally in a defined ecosystem of *** includes specialist training,testing technologies,providing access to finance and fostering disruption through aquaculture accelerator initiatives such as that provided by Hatch *** digital Innovation Hubs trans-regionally,nationally and internationally will also help mitigate against significant risks for the fisheries and aquaculture industry including climate change,global pandemics and conflicts that can jeopardize fish an

关键词： Digital transformation Sustainability End-to-end monitoring Food processing Disruptive innovation

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The synthesis of polymers of intrinsic microporosity (PIMs)

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Science China Chemistry 2017年第8期60卷 1023-1032页

作者： neil B.McKeown School of Chemistry University of Edinburgh David Brewster Road Edinburgh EH9 3F J U

Polymers of intrinsic microporosity （PIMs） are a class of porous organic polymer （POP） that form microporous solids due to the inefficient packing of their rigid and contorted macromolecular chains. In contrast to other types of POP, PIMs are not comprised of a network of cross-linked covalent bonds so that they can be dissolved in organic solvents and processed into robust films, coatings or fibres. Here, over twelve years＇ accumulated research on the synthesis of PIMs is reviewed. To date, three types of polymerisation reaction have been used successfully to prepare PIMs of sufficient molecular mass to form robust self-standing films. These involve the formation of dibenzodioxin, Tr6ger＇s base and imide linkages between monomeric units. This rapid development of synthetic methods for preparing PIMs has been driven by their rich potential for numerous diverse applications and this synergistic relationship between synthesis and functionality is set to continue.

关键词： polymers of intrinsic microporosity synthesis porous organic polymers

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Transanal total mesorectal excision:a valid option for rectal cancer?

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第41期21卷 11700-11708页

作者： Nicolas C Buchs Gary A Nicholson Frederic Ris neil j.mortensen Roel Hompes Department of Colorectal Surgery Churchill Hospital Oxford University Hospitals Division of Visceral Surgery Department of Surgery University Hospitals of Geneva Nuffield Department of Surgical Science University of Oxford John Radcliffe Hospital

Low anterior resection can be a challenging operation, especially in obese male patients and in particular after radiotherapy. Transanal total mesorectal excision(Ta TME) might offer technical advantages over laparoscopic or open approaches particularly for tumors in the distal third of the rectum. The aim of this article is to review the current experience with Ta TME. The limits and future developments are also explored. Although the experience with Ta TME is still limited, it might be a promising alternative to laparoscopic TME, especially for difficult cases where laparoscopy is too demanding. The preliminary data on complications and short-term oncological outcomes are good, but also emphasize the importance of careful patient selection. Finally, there is a need for large-scale trials focusing on long-term outcomes and oncological safety before widespread adoption can be recommended.

关键词： Transanal Bottom up Transanal minimally invasive s

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