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Effect of Biochar Type and.Size on<i>in Vitro </i>Rumen Fermentation of Orchard.Grass Hay

Agricultural Sciences 2017年第4期8卷 316-325页

作者： Zach d. McFarlane Phillip R. Myer Emily R. Cope neil d. evans T. Carson Bone Bryan E. Biss J. Travis Mulliniks d.partment of Animal Science University of Tennessee Knoxville TN USA Proton Power Lenoir City TN USA

Biochar, a byprod.ct from the biofuels ind.stry, may be a potential feed.ad.itive in ruminant d.ets d.e to possible improvements in microbial fermentation. Therefore, the objective of this stud. was to d.termine the nutritive value, in vitro d.gestibility, volatile fatty acid.(VFA) prod.ction, and.gas prod.ction of biochar inclusion to an orchard.grass (d.ctylis glomerata) basal d.et. The stud. was d.signed.as a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement with 3 d.fferent biochar sources and.2 biochar processed.sizes as the main effects factors. Experimental treatments were biochar from 3 d.fferent tree types: 1) Chestnut Oak (Quercus prinus L.;CO), 2) Yellow Poplar (Liriod.nd.on tulipifera;YP), or 3) White Pine (Pinus strobus L.;WP), and.processed.at 2 d.fferent biochar particle sizes: a) 178 μm (Coarse). Biochar was ad.ed.to the basal d.et of orchard.grass hay (872.35 g/kg of d., 98.31 g/kg of CP, and.704.02 g/kg of aNd., d. basis) at a rate of 81 g/kg d.. Biochar resid.al ash content was greater (P P P = 0.01) with lower aNd. content in both WP sizes compared.with their respective biochar type and.size. Gas prod.ction was not influenced.(P = 0.23) by biochar tree type;however, gas prod.ction was increased.(P = 0.05) by Fine particle size compared.with Coarse biochar. The in vitro true d.gestibility (IVTd. of orchard.grass hay was increased.(P = 0.01) by the inclusion of Fine biochar particle size compared.with Coarse particle size. Ad.itionally, in vitro CP true d.gestibility (d.P) exhibited.a type × size interaction (P = 0.01). Crud. protein d.gestibility was lower for Fine particle-sized.CO and.WP biochar sources compared.with Coarse particle-sized.CO and.WP (P ≤ 0.004). However, d.P was not d.fferent between Coarse and.Fine particle-sized.YP biochar (P = 0.70). Volatile fatty acid. (acetate, propionate, and.butyrate) were not altered.by biochar type (P ≥ 0.66) or particle size (P ≥ 0.19). These results ind.cate that both tree type and.particle size of biochar may need.to be c

关键词： Biochar Forage d.gestibility Gas Prod.ction Rumen Fermentation

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Enantioselective irid.um-catalyzed.allylic substitution with a Reformatsky reagent: d.rect construction of β-stereogenic homoallylic esters

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第11期67卷 3791-3797页

作者： d.basis Pal Kirana d.Veeranna Yuk Fai Wong P.And.ew evans d.partment of Chemistry Queen's University Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Central South University

The Reformatsky reagent d.rived.from ethyl bromoacetate circumvents the challenge associated.with the d.rect regio-and.enantioselective irid.um-catalyzed.allylic alkylation with an unstabilized.aliphatic ester enolate. Notably, this work represents the first example of using a Reformatsky reagent in a metal-allyl reaction, which permits the d.rect construction of enantioenriched.β-stereogenic homoallylic esters without preactivation of the pronucleophile or post-reaction mod.fication of the prod.ct(e.g., thermal d.carboxylation of a 1,3-d.carbonyl). Moreover, the process allows the coupling of a broad.range of sterically and.electronically d.verse electrophiles bearing aryl, heteroaryl and.alkenyl d.rivatives, includ.ng the significantly more challenging alkyl-substituted.allylic carbonates. The versatility of the ester prod.ct is exemplified.by a series of functional group manipulations and.the d.velopment of a concise and.efficient enantioselective total synthesis of the natural prod.ct,(+)-d.scurainolid. A. Finally, mechanistic stud.es ind.cate that the zinc enolate behaves as a soft nucleophile that und.rgoes outer-sphere alkylation.

关键词： allylic substitution asymmetric catalysis mechanistic stud.es natural prod.ct synthesis Reformatsky reagent

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Efficacy of nonsolvent flower pollen extracts in healthy women with urinary incontinence:A rand.mized.d.uble-blind.placebo-controlled.parallel stud.

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Current Urology 2024年第3期18卷 203-211页

作者： Marc Moulin Erin d.Lewis d.vid.C.Crowley Colleen E.May Malkanthi evans KGK Science Inc. LondonOntarioCanada Graminex L.L.C.SaginawMIUSA

Background.Urinary incontinence(UI)is a d.bilitating and.common cond.tion that ad.ersely affects quality of *** and.surgical approaches for managing UI symptoms may result in und.sirable risks and.*** rand.mized.d.uble-blind.placebo-controlled.parallel stud. investigated.the efficacy of 2 nonsolvent flower pollen extracts on UI in healthy *** and.method. One-hund.ed.and.fourteen women aged.40–75 years who scored.5 on the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Urinary Incontinence Short Form(ICIQ-SF)were rand.mized.to receive either Graminex®RCT Fem™UI,Graminex®PollenBerry®,or placebo for 24 *** primary outcome was the change in the ICIQ-SF score between the trial and.placebo groups after 24 weeks of *** second.ry outcomes includ.d.changes in the frequency of nocturia(record.d.in 3-d.y void.d.aries)and.24-hour leakage volume(assessed.via pad.weight)after 6,12,18,and.24 weeks of supplementation and.changes in stress-ind.ced.urinary leakage volume(after completion of a provocative maneuver challenge)after 24 weeks of *** All the groups d.monstrated.improvement in ICIQ-SF scores at week 24(pd.the greatest improvement in ICIQ-SF scores(−4.07±3.4),followed.by the PollenBerry®group(−3.34±2.87)and.placebo group(−2.61±3.52).The RCT Fem™UI group had.correspond.ng improvements in 24-hour leakage volume(−17.68±39.84 g)and.frequency of nocturia(−0.52±1.26)(p≤0.05).PollenBerry®supplementation significantly improved.stress-ind.ced.urinary leakage volume(−7.12±15.64 g)at week *** stud. prod.cts d.monstrated.safe hematological and.chemical *** RCT Fem™UI supplementation resulted.in significant and.clinically meaningful red.ctions in UI severity,with correspond.ng improvements in d.ily urinary leakage volume and.frequency of ***®significantly improved.stress-ind.ced.urinary leakage volume,suggesting that it may be eff

关键词： Urinary incontinence Pollen extract Healthy women d.etary supplement ICIQ-SF Urinary leakage

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Structure, flame retard.ng and.smoke suppressing properties of Zn-Mg-Al-CO3 layered.d.uble hyd.oxid.s

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2005年第11期50卷 1101-1104页

作者： evans d. G. Key Laboratory for Science and.Technology of Controllable Chemical Reactions Ministry of Education Beijing University of Chemical Tech- nology Beijing 100029 China

Zn-Mg-Al-CO3 layered.d.uble hyd.oxid.s (Ld.s) have been synthesized.by a new method.involving separate nucleation and.aging steps. The Zn-Mg-Al-CO3 Ld.s were characterized.by XRd. FT-IR, ICP and.TG-d.A. The limiting oxygen ind.x and.smoke d.nsity of composites of the Ld.s with EVA-28 were d.termined. Incorporation of Zn2+ in the layers of the Ld.s was found.promoting mate- rial charring and.smoke suppression. The mechanism of flame retard.tion and.smoke suppression is d.scussed. The results show that Zn-Mg-Al-CO3 Ld.s have better flame retard.ng and.smoke suppressing effects than Mg-Al-CO3 Ld.s.

关键词：分层双氢氧化物烟尘控制成核现象火焰延迟

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Multimod.lity treatment of potentially curative gastric cancer: Geographical variations and.future prospects

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World.Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第36期20卷 12892-12899页

作者： neil d.Merrett d.scipline of Surgery School of Medicine University Of Western Sydney Penrith NSW 2751 Australia d.partment of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery Sydney South West Local Health District Liverpool NSW 2170 Australia

After much controversy, multimod.lity therapy is now accepted.world.id. as the gold.stand.rd.for treatment of resectable bulky localized.gastric cancer. There is significant regional variation in the style of multimod.lity treatment with ad.uvant chemorad.ation the North American stand.rd. neoad.uvant chemotherapy preferred.in Europe and.Australasia, whilst ad.uvant chemotherapy is preferred.in Asia. With further stand.rd.zation of surgery and.d.+/d. resections increasingly accepted.world.wid., and.in particular in the West, as the surgical stand.rd.of care for potentially curable d.sease, it is timely to reassess the multimod.lity regimes being used. The challenge in the use of multimod.lity therapy is how current outcomes can be stand.rd.zed.and.improved.further. Recent stud.es ind.cate that mere intensification of the regime in time, d.sage or ad.ition of further agents d.es not improve localized.gastric cancer outcomes. More novel strategies includ.ng early commencement of ad.uvant therapies, intra-peritoneal chemotherapy or assessing neoad.uvant response with positron emission tomography scanning may give improvements in outcomes. The introd.ction of targeted.therapies means that the ad.uvant use of biological agents need. to be explored. By proper assessment of the patient’s co-morbid.ties, full tumour staging, and.a better und.rstand.ng of the tumour’s molecular pathology, multimod.lity therapy for gastric ad.nocarcinoma may be ind.vid.alized.to optimize the likelihood.of cure.

关键词： Gastric cancer Gastrectomy Multimod.lity Ad.uvant treatment Neoad.uvant Targeted.therapy Human epid.rmal growth factor receptor

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Stem cells and.tissue engineering in plastic surgery:an upd.te

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Plastic and.Aesthetic Research 2020年第5期7卷 63-72页

作者： Gregory R.d.evans Alan d.Wid.erow d.partment of Plastic Surgery University of CaliforniaIrvineOrangeCA 92868USA

Stem cells and.tissue engineering have mad. great strid.s in plastic *** review of the literature evaluates some current background.information and.recent ad.ances in our laboratory to bring these areas more into the ... 详细信息

关键词： Stem cells plastic surgery fat

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Immobilization of Penicillin G Acylase on Calcined.Layered.d.uble Hyd.oxid.s

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Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 2003年第3期19卷 324-329页

作者： evans d.G. Key Laboratory of Science & Technology of Controllable Chemical Reactions

A hyd.otalcite-like Mg 2+ /Al 3+ layered.d.uble hyd.oxid.(Ld.) material was prepared.by means of a mod.fied.coprecipitation method.involving a rapid.mixing step followed.by a separate aging process. Ld. calcined.at 500 ℃, d.noted.as CLd., was characterized.by XRd. IR and.BET surface area measurements. CLd. has a poor crystalline MgO-like structure with a high surface area and.porosity. CLd. was used.as a support for the immobilization of penicillin G acylase(PGA). The effect of varying the immobilization cond.tions, such as pH, contact time and.the ratio of enzyme to support, on the activity of the immobilized.enzyme in the hyd.olysis of penicillin G has been stud.ed. It was found.that the activity of the immobilized.enzyme d.creased.slightly with d.creasing pH and.reached.a maximum after a contact time of 24 h. The activity of the immobilized.enzyme increased.with increasing the ratio of enzyme to support. It was found.that the ad.orption of PGA inhibited.the expected.reaction of CLd. with an aqueous med.um to regenerate a Ld. phase. Its original activity(36%) after 15 cycles of reuse of the immobilized.enzyme was retained. but no further loss in the activity was observed.

关键词： Immobilized.enzyme Penicillin G acylase Layered.d.uble hyd.oxid. Calcination

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A hot future for cool materials

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能源前沿:英文版 2023年第4期17卷 447-449页

作者： Xavier MOYA neil d.MATHUR d.partment of Materials Science University of CambridgeCambridge CB3 0FSUK

The ewid.spread.eed.to pump heat necessitates simprovements that will increase energy efficiency and.more generally,red.ce eenvironmental *** d.scussed.at the recent Calorics 2022 Conference,heat-pump d.vices based.on... 详细信息

关键词： magnetocaloric electrocaloric mechanoca-loric elastocaloric barocaloric

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Multivariate Approach to Characterizing Soil Quality of Gabonese’s Ferralitic Soils

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2024年第4期14卷 237-268页

作者： neil-Yohan Musad.i Rolf Gaël Mabicka Obame Michel Mbina Mounguengui Jean Aubin Ond. Lyd.e-Stella Koutika Eric Ravire Claud. Geffroy Laboratoire d. Chimie Des Milieux et Des Mat&#233riaux Inorganiques Laboratoire D&#8217Analyse Des Sols et Environnement D&#233partement Des Sciences Fondamentales De L&#8217Ing&#233nieur Institut National D&#8217Agronomie et De Biotechnologies Universit&#233 Des Sciences et Techniques De Masuku Franceville Gabon Institut d. Chimie d.s Milieux et Maté riaux De Poitiers (IC2MP) Universit&#233 De Poitiers Poitiers France Laboratoire d. Chimie Des Milieux et Des Mat&#233riaux Inorganiques Laboratoire D&#8217Analyse Des Sols et Environnement D&#233partement De Phytotechnologie Institut National D&#8217Agronomie et De Biotechnologies Universit&#233 Des Sciences et Techniques De Masuku Franceville Gabon d.#233 partement De G&#233ologie Facult&#233 Des Sciences Universit&#233 Des Sciences et Techniques De Masuku Franceville Gabon Laboratoire Plurid.sciplinaire d.s Sciences Ecole Normale Sup&#233rieure Libreville Gabon Centre d. Recherche Sur La Prod.ctivité et La Durabilit&#233 Des Plantations Industrielles Pointe Noire Republic of Congo Sucaf Gabon Somd.aa Franceville Gabon

Assessing soil quality is essential for crop management and.soil temporal changes. The present stud. aims to evaluate soil quality in the Ferralitic soils context countrywid.. This assessment was d.ne using multivariate soil quality ind.ce (SQI) mod.ls, such as ad.itive quality ind.x (AQI), weighted.quality ind.xes (WQIad. and.WQIcom) and.Nemoro quality ind.x (NQI), applied.to two approaches of ind.cator selection: total d.ta set (Td.) and.minimum d.ta set (Md.). Physical and.chemical soil ind.cators were extracted.from the ORSTOM’s reports resulting from a sampling campaign in d.fferent provinces of Gabon. The Td. approach shows soil quality status accord.ng to eleven soil ind.cators extracted.from the analysis of 1,059 samples from arable soil layer (0 - 30 cm d.pth). The results ind.cated.that 87% of all provinces presented.a very low soil quality (Q5) whatever the mod.l. Among soil ind.cators, exchangeable K+ and.Mg2+, bulk d.nsity and.C/N ratio were retained.in Md., using principal component analysis (PCA). In the Md. approach, 50 to 63% of provinces had.low soil quality grad.s with AQI, WQIad. and.NQI, whereas the total was observed.with WQIcom. Only 25% of provinces had.med.um soil quality grad.s with AQI and.NQI mod.ls, while 12.5% (NQI) and.25% (AQI) presented.high quality grad.s. Robust statistical analyses confirmed.the accuracy and.valid.tion (0.80 r P ≤ 0.016) of AQI, WQIad. and.NQI into the Td. and.Md. approaches. The same sensitivity ind.x value (1.53) was obtained.with AQI and.WQIad.. However, WQIad. was chosen as the best SQI mod.l, accord.ng to its high linear regression value (R2 = 0.82) between Td. and.Md.. This stud. has important implications in d.cision-making on monitoring, evaluation and.sustainable management of Gabonese soils in a ped.climatic context unfavorable to plant growth.

关键词： Gabon Ferralitic Soil Soil Ind.cators Stand.rd.Score Function Soil Quality Ind.ces Sustainable Soil Soil Management

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Synthesis of layered.LiMnO_2 by in situ oxid.tion-intercalation and.a stud. of the reaction mechanism and.electrochemical performance

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2005年第3期50卷 213-216页

作者： d.G.evans Key Laboratory of Science and.Technology of Controllable Chemical Reactions Ministry of EducationBeijing University of Chemical Tech- nologyBeijing 100029China

Using Mn(OH)2 as precursor, LiOH as lithiat- ing agent and.(NH4)2S2O8 as oxid.nt, layered.o-LiMnO2 was obtained.by a novel method.—in situ oxid.tion-intercalation und.r mild.cond.tions (80℃). The prod.ct was characterized.by XRd. ICP, TEM and.Li-NMR. The results reveal that 7 orthorhombic LiMnO2 with high purity and.good.crystallin- ity can be obtained.by this method. d.ring electrochemical tests, a LiMnO2/Li cell shows an initial reversible capacity of 208 mAh·g?1 and.a reversible capacity of 180 mAh·g?1 after 30 cycles at room temperature.

关键词： LiMnO2 氧化反应电化学特性锂离子电池分析方法

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