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Costs and benefits of hosting Epichloë endophytes: a comparison of three haplotypes in Lolium perenne with contrasting effects on two herbivores

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Grass Research 2021年第1期1卷 62-71页

作者： Alison J.Popay neil R.cox AgResearch Ruakura Research CentrePrivate Bag 3123Hamilton 3240New Zealand

The symbiotic relationship between Lolium perenne and Epichloëfestucae ***,a fungal endophyte that lives asymptomatically in its above-ground parts,benefits both the host and *** an outdoor container experiment,the effects of three distinct endophyte haplotypes(AR1,AR37 and CT)on natural infestations of a root aphid,Aploneura lentisci and a mealybug Phenococcus graminicola were compared with an endophyte-free(Nil)*** of these insects were suppressed in a genetically identical set of plants treated with *** 18 months,foliar and root growth,tiller numbers and plant mortality were compared between the different endophyte treatments and between insecticide-treated and untreated *** densities were recorded once during the *** plants infected with AR37 had the lowest populations of *** and ***,and the highest root and foliar growth compared with other *** parameters of untreated plants infected with CT often exceeded that of AR1 and Nil due to low infestations of *** and lower populations of *** of Nil,AR1 and CT plants were higher in insecticide-treated than in corresponding untreated plants but was unaffected in *** Nil and AR1 plants had a lower survival than AR37 and CT *** root outgrowth for treated AR37 plants was significantly lower than for treated AR1 on three sampling *** Epichloëhaplotypes are primarily mutualists,although there are circumstances when they may be disadvantageous to their *** outcomes likely originate in the ecosystems in which associations evolved.

关键词： mutual benefits comparison

Conservation needs of amphibians in China: A review

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2007年第2期50卷 265-276页

作者： Michael Wai Neng LAU Simon N STUART Janice S CHANSON neil a cox Debra L FISCHMAN Kadoorie Farm and Botanic Garden Hong Kong China IUCN-SSC/CI-CABS Biodiversity Assessment Unit Center for Applied Biodiversity Science Conservation International Washing-ton DC 20036 USA GIS Laboratory Center for Applied Biodiversity Science Conservation International Washington DC 20036 USA

The conservation status of all the amphibians in China is analyzed,and the country is shown to be a global priority for conservation in comparison to many other countries of the *** Chinese regions are particularly rich in amphibian diversity:Hengduan,Nanling,and Wuyi ***-manders are more threatened than frogs and *** smaller families show a high propensity to become seriously threatened:Bombinatoridae,Cryptobranchidae,Hynobiidae and *** other parts of the world,stream-breeding,high-elevation forest amphibians have a much higher likeli-hood of being seriously *** loss,pollution,and over-harvesting are the most serious threats to Chinese ***-harvesting is a less pervasive threat than habitat loss,but it is more likely to drive a species into rapid *** conservation challenges are mentioned with recommendations for the highest priority research and conservation actions.

关键词： amphibians conservation status priority of the regions and animal group habitat preferences conservation challenge conservation recom-mendation

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中国两栖动物保护需求总述

中国科学（C辑） 2006年第6期36卷 570-580,581页

作者：谢锋刘惠宁 Simon N Stuart Janice S Chanson neil a cox Debra L Fischman 中国科学院成都生物研究所嘉道理农场和植物园 IUCN-SSC/CI-CABS Biodiversity Assessment Unit Center for Applied Biodiversity Science Conservation International Washington DC 20036 USA GIS Laboratory Center for Applied Biodiversity Science Conservation International Washington DC 20036 USA

通过对中国两栖动物物种生物多样性现状的全面分析,与世界许多国家相比,中国是一个重要的全球优先保护地区.横断山区、南岭山区和武夷山区3个区域的两栖动物物种多样性特别丰富.有尾两栖类物种较无尾类受胁程度更高.几个物种数相对较少... 详细信息

通过对中国两栖动物物种生物多样性现状的全面分析,与世界许多国家相比,中国是一个重要的全球优先保护地区.横断山区、南岭山区和武夷山区3个区域的两栖动物物种多样性特别丰富.有尾两栖类物种较无尾类受胁程度更高.几个物种数相对较少的铃蟾科、隐腮鲵科、小鲵科和蝾螈科显示出了高的受胁倾向.像世界其它地方一样,高海拔地区溪流繁殖的森林物种受胁程度更高.对中国两栖动物而言,生境丧失、污染和过度捕捉是最主要的致危因素.过度捕捉虽然影响不如生境丧失深远,但它更可能导致一个物种种群的快速衰落.针对5个方面的保护挑战,提出了优先研究领域和保护行动方面的建议.

关键词：两栖动物保护现状优先区域和类群适合生境保护挑战保护建议

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立体主义

Using electronic medical record data to assess chronic kidney disease,type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease testing,recognition and management as documented in Australian general practice:a cross-sectional analysis

作者： (英)尼尔·考克斯(neil cox)

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Family Medicine and Community Health 2022年第1期10卷 25-35页

作者： Julia L Jones Natalie G Lumsden Koen Simons Anis Ta'eed Maximilian P de Courten Tissa Wijeratne Nicholas cox Christopher J A neil Jo-Anne Manski-Nankervis Peter Shane Hamblin Edward D Janus Craig L Nelson Nephrology Western HealthMelbourneVictoriaAustralia Medicine University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia Western Health Chronic Disease Alliance MelbourneVictoriaAustralia General Practice University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia Epidemiology and Biostatistics University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia Mitchell Institute for Education and Health Policy MelbourneVictoriaAustralia Chronic Disease Prevention and Management Victoria UniversityMelbourneVictoria3011 La Trobe University MelbourneVictoriaAustralia Neurology Western HealthMelbourneVictoriaAustralia Cardiology Western HealthMelbourneVictoriaAustralia Endocrinology and Diabetes Western HealthMelbourneVictoriaAustralia Medicine Western HealthMelbourneVictoriaAustralia

Objectives To evaluate the capacity of general practice(GP)electronic medical record(EMR)data to assess risk factor detection,disease diagnostic testing,diagnosis,monitoring and pharmacotherapy for the interrelated chronic vascular diseases-chronic kidney disease(CKD),type 2 diabetes(T2D)and cardiovascular *** Cross-sectional analysis of data extracted on a single date for each practice between 12 April 2017 and 18 April 2017 incorporating data from any time on or before data extraction,using baseline data from the Chronic Disease early detection and Improved Management in PrimAry Care *** data were extracted from GP EMRs using the Pen Computer Systems Clinical Audit Tool and descriptive statistics used to describe the study *** Eight GPs in Victoria,*** Patients were≥18 years and attended GP≥3 times within 24 months.37946 patients were *** Risk factor and disease testing/monitoring/treatment were assessed as per Australian guidelines(or US guidelines if none available),with guidelines simplified due to limitations in data availability where *** factor assessment in those requiring it:30%of patients had body mass index and 46%blood pressure within guideline recommended *** testing in at-risk population:17%had diagnostic testing as per recommendations for CKD and 37%for *** undiagnosed disease:Pathology tests indicating possible disease with no diagnosis already coded were present in 6.7%for CKD,1.6%for T2D and 0.33%familial *** prevalence:Coded diagnoses were recorded in 3.8%for CKD,6.6%for T2D,4.2%for ischaemic heart disease,1%for heart failure,1.7%for ischaemic stroke,0.46%for peripheral vascular disease,0.06%for familial hypercholesterolaemia and 2%for atrial *** prescriptions:the proportion of patients prescribed guideline-recommended medications ranged from 44%(beta blockers for patients for some condi

关键词： diagnosis testing record

Vitamin D Is Associated with Severity and Mortality of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A US Population-based Study

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2017年第3期5卷 185-192页

作者： Hyun-Seok Kim Laura Rotundo neil Kothari Sung-Hoon Kim Nikolaos Pyrsopoulos Department of Medicine Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Rutgers New Jersey Medical School Newark NJ USA College of Korean Medicine Kyung-hee University Seoul South Korea Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Rutgers New Jersey Medical School Newark NJ USA

Background and Aims:There has been increasing evidence that vitamin D deficiency may increase the risk of metabolic *** metabolic syndrome is a major risk factor for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD),we aimed to investigate the association between vitamin D and the severity and mortality of ***:Data was obtained from the United States Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted in 1988-1994,with followup mortality data through *** was defined by ultrasonographic detection of hepatic steatosis in the absence of other liver diseases and categorized as normal,mild,moderate or *** severity of hepatic fibrosis was determined by NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS).ANOVA (F-test) was used to evaluate the association between vitamin D level and degree of NAFLD,and cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used for survival ***:Vitamin D levels for normal,mild,moderate and severe steatosis were 25.1 ± 0.29 ng/mL,24.7 ± 0.42 ng/mL,23.7 ± 0.37 ng/mL and 23.6 ± 0.60 ng/mL,respectively (trend p < 0.001).Likewise,vitamin D levels for low,intermediate and high NFS categories were 24.7 ± 0.38 ng/mL,23.4 ± 0.42 ng/mL and 21.5 ± 0.57 ng/mL,respectively (trend p < 0.001).After median-follow up over 19 years,vitamin D deficiency was significantly associated with diabetes-and Alzheimer's diseaserelated mortality (hazard ratio (HR):3.64,95%CI:1.51-8.82 and HR:4.80,95%CI:1.53-15.1,respectively),with a borderline significance in overall mortality (HR:1.16,95%CI:0.99-1.36,p =0.06).Conclusion:Vitamin D level was inversely related to the degree of liver steatosis and ***,vitamin D deficiency was associated with diabetes-and Alzheimer's disease-related mortality in NAFLD patients.

关键词： Vitamin D Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Mortality Severity

非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病冠状动脉疾病的危险因素:英国糖尿病前瞻性研究(UKPDS:23)

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英国医学杂志中文版 1998年第3期1卷 124-129页

作者： R C Turner H Millns H A W neil I M Stratton S E Manley D R Matthews R R Holman 赵维纲 professor of medicine Diabetes Research Laboratories Nuflield Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordRadcliffe InfirmaryOxford OX2 6HE statistician Diabetes Research Laboratories Nuflield Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordRadcliffe InfirmaryOxford OX2 6HE lecturer in clinical epidemiology Diabetes Research Laboratories Nuflield Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordRadcliffe InfirmaryOxford OX2 6HE biochemist Diabetes Research Laboratories Nuflield Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordRadcliffe InfirmaryOxford OX2 6HE consultant physician in diabetes Diabetes Research Laboratories Nuflield Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordRadcliffe InfirmaryOxford OX2 6HE reader in medicine Diabetes Research Laboratories Nuflield Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordRadcliffe InfirmaryOxford OX2 6HE the United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study Group

目的:评价2型糖尿病患者冠状动脉疾病的基线危险因素。设计:对2 693例资料完整的患者进行年龄和性别调整的逐步选择过程分析,以确定哪些冠状动脉疾病的危险因素应纳入 cox 比例风险模型。对象:3 055例白人患者,平均年龄52岁,均新近诊断... 详细信息

目的:评价2型糖尿病患者冠状动脉疾病的基线危险因素。设计:对2 693例资料完整的患者进行年龄和性别调整的逐步选择过程分析,以确定哪些冠状动脉疾病的危险因素应纳入 cox 比例风险模型。对象:3 055例白人患者,平均年龄52岁,均新近诊断为2型糖尿病,且无动脉粥样硬化相关疾病的证据。平均随访期7.9年。335例患者于10年内出现冠状动脉疾病。结局评定:具有明确异常心电图的心绞痛、致死或非致死性心肌梗塞。结果:冠状动脉疾病与低密度脂蛋白胆固醇浓度升高、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇浓度降低、甘油三酯浓度升高、高血红蛋白 A_(1c)、高收缩压、高空腹血糖以及吸烟史密切相关。低密度脂蛋白胆固醇较高1/3对较低1/3区间的估计风险比为2.26(95%可信区间为1.70～3.00),高密度脂蛋白胆固醇为0.55(0.41～0.73),血红蛋白 A_(1c)为1.52(1.15～2.01),收缩压为1.82(1.34～2.47)。吸烟者的估计风险比为1.41(1.06～1.88)。结论:2型糖尿病患者中,存在冠状动脉疾病潜在的、可变的5种危险因素的交叉重叠影响。它们是低密度脂蛋白胆固醇浓度升高、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇浓度降低、高血压、高血糖和吸烟。

关键词： UKPDS 空腹血糖高血糖甘油三醋视网膜病变大血管并发症空腹血浆胰岛素可信区间美国糖尿病协会非致死性