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Fully fuzzy linear systems of triangular fuzzy numbers(a,b,c)

International Journal of Intelligent Computing and Cybernetics 2013年第1期6卷 21-44页

作者： Amit Kumar Abhinav Bansal neetu babbar School of Mathematics and Computer Applications Thapar UniversityPatialaIndia Department of Computer Science and Engineering Thapar UniversityPatialaIndia

Purpose–The purpose of this paper is to study a nascent theory and an emerging concept of solving a fully fuzzy linear system(FFLS)with no non negative restrictions on the triangular fuzzy numbers chosen as *** new simplified computational methods are proposed to solve a FFLS without any sign *** first method eliminates the non-negativity constraint from the coefficient matrix while the second method eliminates the constraint of non-negativity on the solution *** methods are introduced with an objective to broaden the domain of fuzzy linear systems to encompass a wide range of problems occurring in ***/methodology/approach–The design of numerical methods is motivated by decomposing the fuzzy based linear system into its equivalent crisp linear form which can be further solved by variety of classical methods to solve a crisp linear *** the paper investigates Schur complement technique to solve the crisp equivalent of the ***–The results that are obtained reveal interesting properties of a *** using the proposed methods,the authors are able to check the consistency of the fuzzy linear system as well as obtain the nature of obtained solutions,***,unique or *** it is also seen that an n£n FFLS may yield finitely many solutions which may not be entirely feasible(strong).Also the methods successfully remove the non-negativity restriction on the coefficient matrix and the solution vector,*** limitations/implications–Evolving methods with better computational complexity and that which remove the non-negativity restriction jointly on all the parameters are left as an open ***/value–The proposed methods are new and conceptually simple to understand and apply in several scientific areas where fuzziness *** methods successfully remove several constraints that have been employed exhaustively by researchers and thus eventually tend to widen the breadt

关键词： Fully fuzzy linear system(FFLS) Triangular fuzzy numbers Schur complement Fuzzy arithmetic Fuzzy logic Mathematics

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Characterization and Propagation of Historical and Projected Droughts in the Umatilla River Basin, Oregon, USA

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第2期41卷 247-262,I0020-I0028页

作者： Sudip GAUTAM Alok SAMANTARAY Meghna babbar-SEBENS Meenu RAMADAS School of Civil and Construction Engineering Oregon State UniversityCorvallisOR 97331USA School of Infrastructure Indian Institute of TechnologyBhubaneswarOdisha 752050India

Climate change is expected to have long-term impacts on drought and wildfire risks in Oregon as summers continue to become warmer and drier. This paper investigates the projected changes in drought characteristics and drought propagation in the Umatilla River Basin in northeastern Oregon for mid-century(2030–2059) and late-century(2070–2099) climate scenarios. Drought characteristics for projected climates were determined using downscaled CMIP5 climate datasets from ten climate models and Soil and Water Assessment Tool to simulate effects on hydrologic processes. Short-term(three months) drought characteristics(frequency, duration, and severity) were analyzed using four drought indices, including the Standardized Precipitation Index(SPI-3), Standardized Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index(SPEI-3), Standardized Streamflow Index(SSI-3), and the Standardized Soil Moisture Index(SSMI-3). Results indicate that short-term meteorological droughts are projected to become more prevalent, with up to a 20% increase in the frequency of SPI-3drought events. Short-term hydrological droughts are projected to become more frequent(average increase of 11% in frequency of SSI-3 drought events), more severe, and longer in duration(average increase of 8% for short-term droughts).Similarly, short-term agricultural droughts are projected to become more frequent(average increase of 28% in frequency of SSMI-3 drought events) but slightly shorter in duration(average decrease of 4%) in the future. Historically, drought propagation time from meteorological to hydrological drought is shorter than from meteorological to agricultural drought in most sub-basins. For the projected climate scenarios, the decrease in drought propagation time will likely stress the timing and capacity of water supply in the basin for irrigation and other uses.

关键词： Umatilla drought SPI SPEI SSI SSMI

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Potential of triptolide in reproductive management of the house rat,Rattus rattus

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Integrative Zoology 2013年第3期8卷 260-276页

作者： Neena SINGLA Gaganpreet KAUR Bhupinder Kaur babbar Bhupinder Singh SANDHU Department of Zoology Punjab Agricultural UniversityLudhianaIndia Department of Veterinary Pathology Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Science UniversityLudhianaIndia

Mature and healthy male house rats,Rattus rattus(n=160)were fed on bait(cracked wheat:powdered sugar,98:2)containing different concentrations of triptolide(0.1,0.05,0.025 and 0%)for 7 and 14 days in no-choice and bi-choice feeding tests in the *** objective of the study was to record the antifertility affects of triptolide after 30 and 60 days of termination of *** revealed no significant effect of triptolide treatment on weights of testis,epididymis,seminal vesicles and prostate gland of ***,sperm motility,live sperm count,sperm density and sperm morphology in the cauda epididymal fluid were found to differ significantly(P≤0.05)between untreated and treated groups of *** major effect of triptolide on sperm morphology was in the form of sperm head tail separation,which was up to 56.0%in rats treated for 14 days in no-choice and autopsied after 30 days.A significant effect(P≤0.05)of triptolide treatment was observed on the histomorphology of the testis,which included a dose-dependent decrease in diameter of seminiferous tubules,thickness of germinal epithelium and numbers of various spermatogenic *** associations in the seminiferous epithelial cycle were poorly developed in rats ingesting medium(4.7-5.1 mg/100 g bw)and high doses(6.9-7.2 mg/100 g bw)of triptolide than rats ingesting low doses(1.8-2.3 mg/100 g bw)and untreated *** cell stages affected had not recovered fully within the 60 day period following triptolide *** present study suggests the potential of triptolide in reproductive management of Rattus rattus.

关键词： Rattus rattus reproductive organs seminiferous tubules sperm parameters triptolide

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Load Balancing Algorithm for Migrating Switches in Software-Dened Vehicular Networks

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第4期67卷 1301-1316页

作者： Himanshi babbar Shalli Rani Mehedi Masud Sahil Verma Divya Anand Nz Jhanjhi Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology Rajpura140401India Department of Computer Science College of Computers and Information TechnologyTaif UniversityTaif21944Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science and Engineering Chandigarh UniversityMohaliPunjab140413India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Lovely Professional UniversityPhagwara144001India Taylor’s University Selangor Darul EhsanMalaysia

In Software-Dened Networks(SDN),the divergence of the control interface from the data plane provides a unique platform to develop a programmable and exible network.A single controller,due to heavy load trafc triggered by different intelligent devices can not handle due to it’s restricted *** manage this,it is necessary to implement multiple controllers on the control plane to achieve quality network performance and *** ow of data through the multiple controllers also varies,resulting in an unequal distribution of load between different *** major drawback of the multiple controllers is their constant conguration of the mapping of the switch-controller,quickly allowing unequal distribution of load between *** overcome this drawback,Software-Dened Vehicular Networking(SDVN)has evolved as a congurable and scalable network,that has quickly achieved attraction in wireless communications from research groups,businesses,and industries *** this paper,we have proposed a load balancing algorithm based on latency for multiple SDN *** acknowledges the evolving characteristics of real-time latency *** *** choosing the required latency and resolving multiple overloads simultaneously,our proposed algorithm solves the loadbalancing problems with multiple overloaded controllers in the SDN control *** addition to the migration,our algorithm has improved 25%latency as compared to the existing algorithms.

关键词： Software-dened networking load balancing multiple controllers ryu controller mininet

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On the Use of Landsat-5 TM Satellite for Assimilating Water Temperature Observations in 3D Hydrodynamic Model of Small Inland Reservoir in Midwestern US

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Advances in Remote Sensing 2013年第3期2卷 214-227页

作者： Meghna babbar-Sebens Lin Li Kaishan Song Shuangshuang Xie School of Civil and Construction Engineering Oregon State University Corvallis USA

Accuracy of hydrodynamic and water quality numerical models developed for a specific site is dependent on multiple model parameters and variables whose values are attained via calibration processes and/or expert knowledge. Real time variations in the actual aquatic system at a site necessitate continuous monitoring of the system so that model parameters and variables are regularly updated to reflect accurate conditions. Multiple sources of observations can help adjust the model better by providing benefits of individual monitoring technology within the model updating process. For example, remote sensing data provide a spatially dense dataset of model variables at the surface of a water body, while in-situ monitoring technologies can provide data at multiple depths and at more frequent time intervals than remote sensing technologies. This research aims to present an overview of an integrated modeling and data assimilation framework that combines three-dimensional numerical model with multiple sources of observations to simulate water column temperature in a eutrophic reservoir in central Indiana. A variational data assimilation approach is investigated for incorporating spatially continuous remote sensing temperature observations and spatially discrete in-situ observations to change initial conditions of the numerical model. The results demonstrate the challenges in improving the model performance by incorporating water temperature from multi-spectral remote sensing analysis versus in-situ measurements. For example, at a eutrophic reservoir in Central Indiana where four images of multi-spectral remote sensing data were assimilated in the numerical model, the overall error for the four images reduced from 20.9% (before assimilation) to 15.9% (best alternative after the assimilation). Additionally, best improvements in errors were observed on days closer to the starting time of model’s assimilation time window. However, when the original and updated model results for t

关键词： Data Assimilation Reservoir Hydrodynamics Numerical Models Temperature Landsat

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推行经期健康需要更多高级别的承诺仅仅提供可负担的经期用品是远远不够的

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英国医学杂志中文版 2022年第12期25卷 684-685页

作者： Martin Jennifer babbar Karan Maschette Ursula 李丹麑(译) Pandemic Periods Jindal Global Business School OP Jindal Global UniversitySonipatIndia Pandemic PeriodsUMa InstituteBrazil 中华医学会学术会务部

2022年8月,苏格兰政府宣布各地将在公共场所提供卫生巾或卫生棉条等经期用品1。纵观全球,经期健康运动在短短两年就取得了里程碑式突破,如2021年在美国纽约召开的联合国人权理事会第51届会议上首次进行有关经期健康的小组讨论并颁布了... 详细信息

2022年8月,苏格兰政府宣布各地将在公共场所提供卫生巾或卫生棉条等经期用品1。纵观全球,经期健康运动在短短两年就取得了里程碑式突破,如2021年在美国纽约召开的联合国人权理事会第51届会议上首次进行有关经期健康的小组讨论并颁布了经期健康共识2。这些都要归功于从2004年肯尼亚政府承诺取消经期用品税以来世界各地陆续开展的社会活动和政治举措3。

关键词：卫生棉条政治举措公共场所小组讨论卫生巾经期承诺苏格兰

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